ĐĎॹá>ţ˙ NPţ˙˙˙GHO˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ěĽÁ#` đżÔ˙bjbjĄĄ .ZĂĂ*÷y0˙˙˙˙˙˙¤¸¸¸  ÎÎÎ⊜ŠœŠœ8œTâ4ýf6ž6ž"XžXžXžę˘H2ŁNŁłüľüľüľüľüľüľü$šţh¨ŮüÎrȢŒ˘^rÄrÄŮüÎÎXžXž4îüÇÇÇrĂÎXžÎXžłüÇrÄłüÇÇú?ölÎÎ?úXž*ž ]‚˛—źÇŠœôĂŤ÷*żúôý04ýŐ÷jŞvĹBŞT?úŞÎ?ú€^Łž üŽLÇHˇ¤콆^Ł^Ł^ŁŮüŮü¸Ć^^Ł^Ł^Ł4ýrÄrÄrÄrÄâââNćT¤GâââćTâââÎÎÎÎÎÎ˙˙˙˙ Interventions by the Australian Indigenous Delegation Sixth Session UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 14-25 May 2007 No.PFII Agenda Item Subject of interventionPresenterOrganisation13Lands, territories and resources Brian WyattNNTC246 mandated areas of PFII and MDGs (consolidated into one intervention)Ngaire Brown Menzies School of Health34cHealth Dea Thiele NACCHO44& 5 Human Rights Jason FieldNSW ALC57UrbanisationDina Saulo NSW ALC68 Data collection and disaggregation Brian WyattNNTC74Second International Decade of World’s Indigenous People – contribution by Australian GovtNeil GillespieALRM89Future Work of PFIILes MalezerFAIRA9naCommemoration of 1967 Referendum Liam RidgewayNSW ALC United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Sixth Session New York, 14-25 May 2007 Item 3 of the Agenda Territories, Lands and Natural Resources JOUNT STATEMENT DELIVERED BY BRIAN WYATT ON BEHALF OF Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement (ALRM) Foundation for Aboriginal and Islander Research Action (FAIRA) National Native Title Council Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner Menzies School of Health Research National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (NACCHO) New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council (NSWALC) University of New South Wales, Indigenous Law Centre World Council of Churches (WCC) Madam Chairperson, this is a joint statement on behalf of the Indigenous peoples organisations from Australia represented at this session of the forum. We make this intervention in response to the report on Indigenous land reform that has been submitted to this session of the Permanent Forum by the Australian Government. The Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders of Australia share in common with our government the desire to overcome our economic and social disadvantage. We aspire to improve our overall well-being by gaining access to employment, adequate housing, the best possible healthcare, quality primary and secondary education for our children, and the right to fair and equitable employment conditions. While non-Indigenous Australians freely exercise and enjoy such rights, Indigenous peoples are too often required to trade their rights to land in return for these essential services. But only last week, Indigenous peoples in the Tiwi Islands in the Northern Territory agreed to sign away management control of their communal lands through 99 year leases in return for AUD$1 million in health services, 25 new houses, a new school and upgraded recreational facilities. By signing away control over their lands to the government for the next four generations, the Tiwi people have lost the ability to stop development that offends their cultural and environmental responsibilities - in return for houses and basic services that the government provides for other citizens. It adds insult to injury to know that the cost of negotiating a 99 year headlease will also be born by Indigenous peoples! After having signed on to this arrangement, some Traditional Owners of the leased area are now saying that they were not adequately informed about what they were agreeing to – they thought they had signed up to something completely different. In this experience we see statutory land rights regimes being used by government as a device against Indigenous peoples. Sadly, this is not an isolated incident. In the state of New South Wales, for example, we have seen the government create a carbon-trading scheme which at no stage has considered the potential impact on the rights and aspirations of Indigenous peoples. The government responds by stating that this scheme has the potential to provide considerable economic benefits for Indigenous peoples by virtue of the land that is held under a statutory land rights regime. The morality of using Indigenous land for such purposes is not the issue here. What is of concern is that governments are not adequately informing Indigenous peoples of their intentions with respect to Indigenous owned land. Indigenous peoples are not being given the opportunity to be informed about government’s intentions, let alone afforded the opportunity to give our free, prior and informed consent, or not. Having lived with statutory land rights regimes in one form or another for decades Indigenous Australians understand their limitations. But governments continue to blame Indigenous peoples for not using our land base sufficiently well to improve our quality of life. This only highlights the governments’ lack of willingness to accept responsibility for the appalling conditions that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia endure. Rather, they prefer to argue that Indigenous Australians need to be quote ‘normalised’ so that our way of life is more compatible with the mainstream non-Indigenous population. Every Australian citizen has a right to appropriate education, housing and health services. However, we have serious concerns that the so-called land reforms that the Australian Government has imposed on the Northern Territory and is seeking to impose on other states cuts across our basic human rights and represents a betrayal of future generations. Considered in light of this experience it is understandable that the Australian government is opposed to the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Yet it is the principles arising out of this very document that governments in Australia need to incorporate when negotiating any land tenure and management arrangements with Indigenous peoples. The three clauses in Article 32 of the Declaration are of particular importance in this regard. Included among these principles is the need for governments to: ensure effective indigenous participation in the development of policy; consult with Indigenous peoples to get our free, prior and informed consent for any proposals on our lands and territories; and emphasise policy approaches that are supported by reliable research, trial processes and ongoing evaluations that involve indigenous peoples. Accordingly, we recommend that: the Permanent Forum appoints one of its members as a Special Rapporteur to prepare a guide based on the relevant principles contained in Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous peoples, and taking into account ILO Convention 169 that relate to Indigenous land tenure and management arrangements to assist Indigenous peoples, States and UN agencies in the negotiation of Indigenous land tenure and management arrangements; and all States that have introduced changes to existing Indigenous land management regimes invite the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people to undertake a study of those regimes and assess them against the principles contained in the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. NB PFII adopted both recommendations (see recommendations 30 & 31 of E/C.19/2007/L.2) United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Sixth Session New York, 14-15 May 2007 Item 4 of agenda Mandated areas and MDGs JOINT STATEMENT DELIVERED BY NGAIRE BROWN ON BEHALF OF: Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement Foundation for Aboriginal and Islander Research Action Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner Indigenous Law Centre, University of NSW Menzies School of Health Research National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation National Native Title Council NSW Aboriginal Land Council World Council of Churches (Australia) Madam Chairperson. The Australian Indigenous delegation would like to acknowledge the decision of the Permanent Forum to maintain its focus on the Millennium Development Goals. Whilst significant concerns exist regarding the lack of Indigenous participation in the drafting and implementation of the MDGs, we understand the need for an identified framework to overcome extreme poverty and reduce disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. The mandate of the Permanent Forum provides the capacity to influence and contribute to these processes given the extensive networks in international Indigenous affairs Indigenous peoples are all too familiar with the complexity of the inter-related issues that form the body of the MDG’s aspirations. Implementing initiatives which aim to simultaneously resolve Indigenous peoples circumstances in areas of economy, society, health, education and the environment is a daunting task, particularly given that all too often we are dealing with unsympathetic governments. Sadly, in Australia the biggest challenge we face with respect to the MDGs is getting the Government to acknowledge the need for domestic strategies to implement a program of action consistent with this international framework. With an air of arrogance the Australian government chooses to see its responsibility to the MDGs purely as a matter of foreign policy. We can only conclude that the circumstances in which our peoples live are a source of embarrassment, which the Australian government does not want to bring attention to for risk of comparison with developing nations. At present, Australian government policy emphasises the need to improve the material wealth of Indigenous Australians primarily through employment. However, the government fails to appreciate the need to incorporate critical elements of human and social development that will also maintain cultural integrity. This is in spite of organisations such as the UN Development Program providing evidence and advice through its 2004 Human Development Report about the critical importance of respecting cultural diversity. Programs that seek to address Indigenous people’s circumstances must be adapted to the sensitivities and specific socio-cultural contexts at the local and regional levels. While the MDGs provide an important international framework for addressing extreme poverty and health and social outcomes, it is vital that further work is undertaken to ensure that the related programs fully appreciate and respect Indigenous peoples rights and aspirations. This work should include: protection of Indigenous people’s traditional knowledge and intellectual property rights (including among other things traditional healing, land and resource management); defining and utilising Indigenous methodologies and cultural practices; building an evidence base that identifies the linkages between culture, language, land and improved health and social outcomes; knowledge translation; that is, translating research findings into policy, resource allocation and practice; and building capacity in Indigenous communities so that research is undertaken by Indigenous Peoples for Indigenous Peoples, thus ensuring participation and ownership of processes and outcomes. We note that a number of initiatives are underway that have been prompted by Permanent Forum recommendations the World Health Organisation has convened a Commission on the Social Determinants of Health The Ethics, Trade, Human Rights and Health Law, Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (ETH/SDE) unit within WHO is responsible for work in health and human rights and the development of an international Indigenous health work-plan The Expert Working Groups and Committees on Indicators of Wellbeing and Indigenous Peoples are undertaking valuable work Madam Chairperson the Australian Indigenous delegation recommends: that WHO provide a report to the 7th Session of the Permanent Forum on its work with indigenous peoples regarding their health and report regularly thereafter (annually); that, in cooperation with the Permanent Forum, WHO convene a forum on Indigenous Peoples Health to inter alia discuss effective participation of indigenous peoples, specific timelines, benchmarks and targets for the achievement of indigenous peoples’ health equality; and that the Permanent Forum promotes the establishment of a global research agenda, as set out in our statement, to develop appropriate frameworks for the implementation of the MDGs and other programs related to indigenous peoples that are informed, directed and controlled by indigenous peoples. NB PFII adopted Recommendation 1 (see Rec 16 in E/C.19/2007/L.3) United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Sixth Session New York, 14-25 May 2007 Agenda Item 4 (c) Indigenous Health JOUNT STATEMENT ON BEHALF OF: Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement (ALRM) Foundation for Aboriginal and Islander Research Action (FAIRA) National Native Title Council Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner Menzies School of Health Research National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (NACCHO) New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council (NSWALC) University of New South Wales, Indigenous Law Centre World Council of Churches (WCC) Madam Chair and distinguished delegates, as representatives of Indigenous peoples from Australia, we would like to share with the Permanent Forum the concerns we have regarding what we see as human rights violations with respect to our health. The 5th session of this forum noted that Indigenous peoples in developed countries suffered from significant disparities in the enjoyment of human rights and that these disparities were masked owing to the lack of disaggregated data and the high level of enjoyment of such rights by the non-indigenous population. This is the case in Australia. Our government is a signatory to the UN Millennium Development Goals but insufficient attention is paid to the health situation of Indigenous Australians. Our health and wellbeing is in need of urgent attention and improvement to address a range of appalling statistics that include life expectancy well below that of other Indigenous peoples in countries such as the USA, Canada and New Zealand. According to the UN Human Development Report of 2003, the proportion of Indigenous Australians expected to live to the age of 65 years is lower than that from other Asian and African nations. The Australian Government’s 4th report to the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) will misrepresent the true extent of the shortfall in the health expenditure on Indigenous Australians, which results in effective health services not being available to most of the 2.6% of the national population that is Indigenous. There appear to be two main issues diverting successive Australian government responses to Indigenous peoples’ health and these are: The mistaken belief that no amount of health care spending can improve Aboriginal ill health. This is used to justify ‘conservative incrementalism’ or small quantums of funding for health services because this would otherwise be wasted. The other mistaken belief is that although spending could be higher, it is the culture of directionless that perpetuates Indigenous peoples’ poor health. Aside from these two issues, we are told the Government won’t hesitate to invest more for Indigenous peoples’ health. And yet despite presiding over a buoyant economy and a record budget surplus, it does not. Independent analyses commissioned by the government have shown that per capita Indigenous specific primary health care resourcing should be four times higher than what it currently is. Indigenous Australians share of the universal health coverage is less per person than for other Australians: in the 2001-02 financial year, access to primary health care and medicines by this measure was one-third that of other Australians, despite having a three times higher burden of illness. The inequitable distribution of health-related goods and services for Indigenous Australians ranges from poorer access than other Australians to hospital procedures, population health programs including immunization, breast cancer screening, cervical cancer screening, to chronic disease programs. These issues make arguments about a more equitable distribution of health funding irrelevant, and thus raise serious ethical and human rights issues about Australia’s commitment to honour its human rights obligations under the ICESCR. Madam Chairperson, we recommend that: 1. the Permanent Forum call on all States to work with indigenous peoples to develop and implement ‘right to health’ indicators and set benchmarks and timelines to ensure that indigenous peoples’ right to health is progressively realised as require by the ICESCR and the MDGs; and 2. the Permanent Forum strongly encourage States to provide disaggregated data on health and social welfare indicators for Indigenous peoples in order to better assist the monitoring and evaluation of outcomes at national and international levels. NB PFII adopted Recommendation 1 (see recommendation 4 in E/C.19/2007/L.10). Key statistics about Indigenous health in Australia Poorer access to primary health care is shown up in the following indicators: immunisation levels are lower, and vaccine preventable disease rates are higher, there is evidence of poor growth and malnutrition in Aboriginal children, levels of acute rheumatic fever continue to be highest in the world, new cases of leprosy are still reported, including high levels of tuberculosis, trachoma, chronic suppurative otitis media, and skin infestations which are endemic in remote communities. Chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cervical cancer are much more prevalent in Aboriginal peoples across Australia than other Australians. All these health problems are amenable to prevention and treatment by appropriately resources Indigenous-specific primary health care services and a responsive health sector overall. The Australian Government is in agreement over the importance of Indigenous-specific services which we call ‘Aboriginal community-controlled health services’ (ACCHSs) and their role in increasing the standard of health for Indigenous Australians and funds over 130 of them. These services play a vital role in serving the health needs of Aboriginal peoples far in excess of other primary health care providers, and because they are run by Aboriginal peoples for Aboriginal peoples, this makes them the antithesis of Aboriginal peoples as ‘directionless’. Whilst it is true that health spending directed towards these services has increased, this is only at the same rate as global health budget increases, so gaps in the provision of health services to Indigenous Australians have not closed. United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues _____________________________________________________________________ Sixth Session New York 14-15 May 2007 Agenda Item 5 Human Rights Joint statement delivered by JASOn FieLD on behalf of: Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement (ALRM) Foundation for Aboriginal and Islander Research Action (FAIRA) National Native Title Council Menzies School of Health Research National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (NACCHO) New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council (NSWALC) University of New South Wales, Indigenous Law Centre World Council of Churches (WCC Australia) Thank you Madam Chairperson. I am delivering this statement on behalf of all of the Australian Indigenous peoples’ organisations in attendance at the 6th Session of the Permanent Forum. We would like to draw the Forum and the Special Rapporteur’s attention to the lack of a human rights based approach to addressing Indigenous disadvantage in Australia. This is demonstrated by the inability of Indigenous Australians to effectively participate in the development, implementation or monitoring of policies and legislation that directly impact on our lives. Since the Parliament abolished the national representative body for Indigenous Australians in 2005, all preliminary steps the government has taken to encourage the development of regional representative bodies have stalled and appear to have been abandoned. This leaves Indigenous Australians without an effective voice at the local, regional and national level – and at a time of significant flux in Indigenous affairs. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner, (a member of Australia’s National Human Rights Institution), recently commented that: ‘…the current approach of the Australian Government pre-determines the priorities without engagement with Indigenous peoples, and therefore provides a passive system for service delivery and policy design. The irony of this approach is that it is a system which constantly attacks Indigenous peoples for being passive recipients, and yet it is in itself, resistant to any form of active engagement.’ We note also that even the Chairperson of the Government’s own hand picked Indigenous advisory body, Dr Sue Gordon, has publicly chastised the Government for its reluctance to engage with Indigenous peoples, and in September 2006 warned that the council would resign en masse if it were not consulted more fully on key issues in the future. As the Forum has heard in recent days, the Australian Government has developed a so-called ‘normalisation’ agenda for Indigenous Australians – which we regard as an assimilation policy. We have had no part in the development of this policy and we want no part in its implementation. It is a blatant attack on our cultural identity. The manner in which the Australian Government is seeking to implement this normalisation agenda is unacceptable to Indigenous Australians. We are being told we have to trade our communal title to our lands and territories to gain access to basic human rights like adequate housing, quality healthcare and education. If we refuse the terms and conditions of the 99 year leasing arrangements that will individualise our title – we risk the continued denial of services and infrastructure that are essential to the improvement of our human rights. Only this week, the Minister for Indigenous Affairs has publicly warned the Tangentyere Land Council in Alice Springs in the Northern Territory that they have a matter of days to sign the 99 year headlease over their town camps – or it will offer the new housing, infrastructure upgrades and $70million cash to another Indigenous community. As the Forum’s Rapporteur Prof Dodson pointed out, this is a ‘take it or leave it approach’ in most people’s language. We fully support and concur with the Rapporteur’s comments in response to the Australian Government’s paper on the land reforms it is implementing. We believe Prof. Dodson’s comments were entirely accurate and we hope that they will prompt the Australian Government to initiate effective Indigenous participation in all decisions that impact on our lives, lands and identities. Madam Chairperson, given the situation Indigenous peoples currently face in Australia, the need for effective protective measures at the international level is greater than ever. We welcome the work of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people. His identification of an implementation gap as one of the main obstacles to overcoming Indigenous disadvantage is particularly relevant in the Australian context. His work is just beginning and must be allowed to continue. We extend our thanks to other special procedures of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights who are increasingly drawing attention to the human rights needs of indigenous peoples. In particular we thank the Special Rapporteur for Housing for his visit to Australia last year that included a range of meetings with grassroots Indigenous organisations. Finally we wish to thank the UN treaty bodies for their efforts to clarify the human rights of indigenous peoples through their elaboration of General Comments that make specific reference to our rights. In particular we acknowledge the Committee on the Rights of the Child and the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. Australian Indigenous peoples are also grateful to the CERD Committee for its consistent efforts on some five occasions to bring the Australian Government's attention to the discriminatory provisions of the Native Title Act 1993. We commend its recommendations to the Australian Government. Australian Indigenous organisations therefore recommend that: The Permanent Forum impress upon the General Assembly the need for it to adopt immediately and without amendment the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, rejecting the inappropriate alternative text that has now been proposed by the African Group; The Permanent Forum request that the Human Rights Council undertake without delay to: Renew and strengthen the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people; Set a dedicated timeslot in the Council’s agenda for the consideration of indigenous peoples’ human rights as one means of facilitating indigenous peoples’ attendance at and participation in the work of the Council; Require that States examine the situation of indigenous peoples in the course of undertaking a universal periodic review of a country under consideration; Continue and strengthen the mandate of the Working Group on Indigenous Populations to ensure it remains a valuable standard-setting body and forum for discussion and technical advice on indigenous peoples’ rights. The Council should also ensure that as an indigenous expert body, the WGIP has a majority of indigenous members, each of whom is endorsed by indigenous peoples; and Work with the Permanent Forum to develop strategies and practical measures that will foster greater coordination and complementarity between their mandated areas of work. As was originally intended at the time of the establishment of the Permanent Forum, that the Permanent Forum hold its seventh session in Geneva and thereafter continue to hold each alternate meeting in Geneva so that its relationship with the Human Rights Council, the treaty body system, and the Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights can be effectively developed. This would do justice to the serious human rights concerns of the world’s indigenous peoples. That during each session of the Permanent Forum, parallel and informal meetings be held to address the extensive issues relevant to the mandate of the Permanent Forum. This would help to facilitate more extensive consideration of the issues, and provide more opportunity for indigenous peoples’ organisations to engage in a meaningful manner with the Forum on critical human rights issues. NB The PFII adopted: Recommendation 1 (see recommendation 5 of E/C.19/2007/L.3/Add.1), most elements of Recommendation 2 (see recommendations 3, 4, 5 of E/C.19/2007/L.4 and recommendations 27, 29 of E/C.19/2007/L.10)), and the spirit of Recommendation 4 (see recommendation 7 in E/C.19/2007/L.10. United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Sixth Session New York, 14-25 May 2007 Item 7 of the Agenda Urban Indigenous Peoples and Migration JOINT STATEMENT DELIVERED BY DINA SAULO ON BEHALF OF: Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement (ALRM) Foundation for Aboriginal and Islander Research Action (FAIRA) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner Indigenous Law Centre, University of New South Wales Menzies School of Health Research National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (NACCHO) National Native Title Council (NNTC) New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council (NSWALC) World Council of Churches (Australia) _____________________________________________________________________ Madam Chairperson, this is a joint statement on behalf of the Indigenous Peoples Organisations from Australia represented at this session of the Forum. şÚÁĎÇ鹨՞ 70% of Indigenous peoples in Australia already live in regional and urban centres. We have gradually been urbanised as a result of past colonisation and assimilation policies, including the forcible removal of Indigenous children from their families. In the Australian context it is important to bear in mind that almost 70% of all Indigenous Australians are under the age of 25, and of them, a further 50% are under the age of 18. Young people like myself are attracted to the bright lights and opportunities of the cities – but the implications of this young demographic on future health, housing, education and employment services are not adequately being taken into account by governments. This creates significant challenges for young Indigenous Australians in terms of maintaining and strengthening our cultural identity. We are now seeing a new wave of urbanisation being foist on Indigenous communities across Australia as a result of the Australian Government’s new arrangements in the administration of Indigenous affairs. At the heart of these new arrangements is a commitment to quote ‘harness the mainstream.’ This mainstreaming agenda purports to make non-Indigenous services such as health, housing, education and employment - more accessible to Indigenous peoples in urban areas. Madam Chairperson, there is no question that Indigenous peoples in urban and remote areas across Australia need better access to these essential services to overcome our disadvantage. However, the Australian Government’s mainstreaming agenda comes at the cost of Indigenous specific programs – programs that have been designed to deliver services in a culturally appropriate and relevant manner – programs that have been tailored to respect and accommodate our distinct identity as First Nation Peoples. For example, on 1st July 2007, the largest Indigenous specific program at the national level, known as the Community Development Employment Project (CDEP), which employs some 35,000 Indigenous Australians, is being abolished in urban and regional centres across Australia. Over night some 7,000 Indigenous peoples will be re-directed into non-Indigenous employment programs. In the process, many Indigenous community services that rely on CDEP workers to operate, will be forced to close down. We believe that the Government has seriously under-estimated the social and economic consequences of this policy decision – for both Indigenous job seekers, and their families. It has failed to adequately consult with Indigenous peoples. It has not sought to gain our free, prior and informed consent to this significant change. And it continues to ignore the reality that the social and economic disadvantage that Indigenous Australians have experienced over generations puts us at a distinct disadvantage in the mainstream employment market. Madam Chairperson, Indigenous peoples’ organisations in Australia are also concerned about the threat of urbanisation that is facing 30% of our communities who continue to live in remote parts of the country. As a result of their remoteness and the small size of their communities, remote Indigenous peoples have poor access to essential services including adequate housing, employment opportunities, secondary schools and basic healthcare services. The Australian Government is very aware of the acute need in remote Indigenous communities, and has developed a series of targeted policies that are designed to quote: “normalise” these Indigenous peoples. Madam Chairperson, normalisation is just another name for assimilation. The Government’s normalisation process is to be achieved by de-funding services and infrastructure in remote communities, and redirecting this money to larger neighbouring communities. The Government is upfront about the intended effect of these policies – it is to bring about a relocation of communities to larger centres where it is cheaper for government to deliver services and infrastructure – like healthcare, housing and schools. The rationale of the Government is: move people into larger economic centres and they will gain greater economic independence and be less of drain on government expenditure. In a perfectly functioning market economy this may make good economic sense. But Indigenous peoples are not living in a perfect world. We are disadvantaged on every economic and social indicator. Our lives are affected by intergenerational trauma and unresolved grief. And we are subject to direct and indirect forms of discrimination everyday. There is emerging empirical evidence to show that allowing Indigenous peoples to live on our traditional country and to engage in traditional practices like hunting bush tucker and living off the land, has a positive impact on our overall health and wellbeing. For us, the freedom to choose where we live is a cultural right just as much as it is an act of self-determination. Indigenous Australians have not been asked if we want to become urbanised. Nor have we consented to urban migration. But we will either be forced to move for the sake of our children or our health – or face a whole new dimension of poverty if we remain on our traditional lands and territories. Not only that – if we relocate – we also run the very real risk of not being able to establish an ongoing connection to our traditional country – which is the basic test in proving the survival of our native title. Madam Chairperson, there are unique challenges for the 70% of Indigenous Australians who already live in urban settings. For example the ability of govt to engage with us, our ability to maintain our cultural connection to our traditional lands, and the difficulty of getting courts to recognise the continued survival of our native title. The Government’s mainstreaming agenda tends to mask the reality for Indigenous peoples in urban circumstances who are not able to access essential services to the same level as all other Australians. Madam Chairperson, we believe that Article 10 of the Declaration on the rights of Indigenous Peoples provides clear guidance for governments when it comes to the issue of urbanisation and Indigenous peoples. This Article states that we cannot be forcibly removed from our lands or territories. If any relocation is to occur, our free, prior and informed consent must first be sought and granted, or just compensation provided. Further, Article 8 of the Declaration provides that Indigenous peoples have the right not to be subject to forced assimilation or destruction of our cultures. Madam Chairperson, the Australian Government’s policy of “normalising” Indigenous Australians in remote parts of Australia is inconsistent with the letter and the spirit of Articles 8 and 10 of the Declaration. We would like to express our support for the conclusions and recommendations of the report of the Expert Group meeting on Indigenous Peoples and Migration held in Santiago Chile in March 2007. In particular, we support the recommendation in paragraph 29 regarding the need for governments to ensure indigenous peoples are included as equal partners in all decision-making processes that affect our lands, and to ensure we have the resources and the capacity to effectively participate. We also support the recommendation in paragraph 46 regarding the need for governments and others to collect detailed and accurate disaggregated data on the living experience and conditions of indigenous peoples in urban areas. This is critical to enable indigenous peoples and governments to evaluate the effectiveness of their policies. Without such data there is little scope for government accountability or a needs based approach to policy implementation. Madam Chairperson, drawing on the report of this Expert Group meeting, we make the following recommendations: That the Permanent Forum request that the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people undertake a study on the rights of urban indigenous peoples and migration, paying particular attention to their ability to exercise and enjoy their economic and social rights, and that this study be considered at the 7th Session of the PFII. Amongst the themes that could be considered by the study are cultural identity, equitable access to essential services, and the challenges facing indigenous youth. That the Permanent Forum strongly encourage the UN General Assembly to adopt without amendment and without delay, the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, rejecting the inappropriate alternative text proposed by the African Group. NB The PFII adopted: Recommendation 1 (see recommendation 5 of E/C.19/2007/L.6) and Recommendation 2 (see recommendation 5 of E/C.19/2007/L.3/Add.1). United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Sixth Session New York, 14-25 May 2007 Item 8 of the Agenda Data collection and disaggregation JOINT STATEMENT DELIVERED BY BRIAN WYATT ON BEHALF OF: Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement (ALRM) Foundation for Aboriginal and Islander Research Action (FAIRA) Indigenous Law Centre, University of New South Wales National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (NACCHO) National Native Title Council (NNTC) New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council (NSWALC) World Council of Churches (Australia) Madam Chairperson, this is a joint statement on behalf of the Indigenous Peoples Organisations from Australia represented at this session of the Forum. This year marks the 40th anniversary of the successful passage of a referendum in Australia to amend our Constitution to enable the federal government to assume responsibility for making laws for Aboriginal Australians. In other words, the Australian Government has had 40 years to address Indigenous disadvantage. Yet the various levels of government in Australia are still to clearly articulate the division of responsibility for delivery of Indigenous services and programs, and consequently they are have achieved little in terms of closing the gap between the quality of life of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Indeed it is only in the recent years that the Australian Government has made a concerted effort to specifically include details about Indigenous Australians in the national census. As a result, the collection of data and disaggregated data in particular remains a significant challenge in the Australian context. As the Forum is aware, Indigenous affairs in Australia is in a state of flux, with new policy directions being announced on a relatively frequently basis. Living in these uncertain times has obvious adverse impacts on Indigenous peoples, but it also makes it very difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of individual law and policy changes. The time is not being taken to properly evaluate major policy initiatives before they are abandoned – and alternative approaches are being introduced that are not tried or tested in another context. We therefore run a serious risk of not being able to identify and address ‘bad policy’ in a timely manner, and of repeating the same mistakes. In the meantime, there is the danger that the disadvantage of Indigenous peoples will become further entrenched. We also remind the Permanent Forum of the young age profile of the Indigenous population in Australia, which means that the scope of the issues currently being faced is expected to significantly increase in the coming decades. The increase in absolute terms of the size of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth population will require significant increases in services and programs simply to keep pace with demand and maintain the status quo, let alone to achieve a reduction in existing health inequality. One area where the collection and disaggregation of data is better managed is suicide. We know for example, that we can expect to see steady and disproportionate increases in the rates of Indigenous suicide. This is an areas where governments, Indigenous peoples and civil society need to work harder and more effectively. The Australian Government’s policy of defunding indigenous specific programs and services in urban and regional centres, and requiring Indigenous peoples to access mainstream alternatives, raises serious concerns in a discussion of the need for disaggregated data. We believe this mainstreaming agenda will make it very difficult for governments to allocate resources to the people with the greatest need because Indigenous clients’ experience of mainstream services and programs will become much harder to measure, and their satisfaction with services will be assessed through non-indigenous indicators. Overall the range of information on accessing mainstream government services is patchy at best. There appears to be no overarching framework of benchmarks and indicators specific to issues of improving access to mainstream services. This amounts to a major evaluation gap in the new arrangements for the administration of Indigenous affairs given the centrality of this objective in reducing Indigenous disadvantage. Madam Chairperson, we note that all Australian governments have committed to the production of regular reports against an agreed framework that is designed to measure relative Indigenous disadvantage in a holistic manner. This is an acknowledgement that population health and inequality is determined by many interconnected social factors and if Indigenous disadvantage is to be overcome, disadvantage needs to be tackled in an integrated manner. Whilst this is a welcome development, Indigenous Australians continue to hold a number of serious concerns about the capacity of these data collection activities to translate into beneficial outcomes in our people’s lives. Firstly, even though a range of performance indicator frameworks exist to monitor Indigenous health, housing, education and so on, there are no targets or benchmarks to measure the adequacy of progress in addressing disparities experienced by indigenous peoples. This is despite Australia’s legal obligations under Article 2 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), which places a burden on our Government to demonstrate it has made every effort to use all available resources to progressively realize the economic, social and cultural rights of Indigenous Australians. The Australian Indigenous Peoples Organisations present at the Forum concur with the recommendations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination in 2005, which amongst other things, encouraged Australia to intensify its efforts to achieve equality in Indigenous Peoples’ enjoyment of our human rights. CERD specifically recommended that Australia establish benchmarks for monitoring progress in key areas of Indigenous disadvantage. Madam Chairperson, just to indicate that there is considerably more that the Australian Government could be doing to improve health outcomes for Indigenous Australians, we mention the recent Budget decision in relation to Indigenous health expenditure. Australia currently has a budget surplus of about AUD$17 billion, and the Australian Medical Association advised the Government that it needs to invest $450 million per annum in Indigenous health if we are to address the disparity in health outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Yet the Government chose to allocate only $120 million to Indigenous health over the next four years. This is not indicative of a government using all available means. A second serious concern we have in relation to the adequacy of the Government’s data collection practices relates to the lack of Indigenous participation in the monitoring, evaluation and assessment of policies and laws that impact on us. Because we are not adequately consulted or involved in these processes, it is not surprising that the data collected is not a good measure of what we think of the policies or laws that have been assessed. Evaluations when they do occur rarely incorporate Indigenous perspectives on the cultural appropriateness of services, well-being or good governance. The Australian Indigenous organisations represented at the Forum welcome the work that indigenous peoples have been doing at the regional and international level to develop appropriate indicators for indigenous well-being. In particular, we support the set of indicators developed at the International Experts Seminar on Indicators relevant to indigenous peoples, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the MDGs that was held in March 2007 in the Philippines, recognizing that this is still in draft form. We see a natural synergy between the development of these indicators and the important work being done in preparation for an International Symposium on the Social Determinants of Indigenous Health that will take place later this year in Vancouver. We recommend that the Permanent Forum: Encourage developed States to facilitate the active participation of their indigenous peoples in the CBD’s Working Group on Article 8j and Related Provisions in October 2007 where the indigenous indicators will be considered, prior to their submission to the 9th Conference of the Parties to the Convention in May 2008. This will help to build capacity amongst indigenous organisations that are working on cross-cutting human rights themes (such as health, traditional knowledge, land management, the protection and use of indigenous intellectual and cultural property, and environmental sustainability) to develop indicators at the national level. Request UNICEF to jointly host an international meeting on indigenous youth suicide to address this critical issue that is reaching epidemic proportions. That all States, particularly those in developed countries, work in equal partnership with indigenous peoples to develop, implement and evaluate well-being indicators that provide an overview of indigenous social and economic status within a holistic, integrated framework. Furthermore, that States invest adequate resources (in accordance with their human rights obligations) to address indigenous social and economic need that is identified by the indicator framework. That all States with indigenous peoples issue an open invitation to the Special Rapporteur on the situation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people to undertake country visits. The Special Rapporteur should give priority to invitations from those countries where indigenous peoples have expressed concerns about their ability to fully and freely exercise their human rights. In this regard, Australian Indigenous Peoples Organisations call upon the Australian Government to show leadership by promptly issuing an invitation to the Special Rapporteur. NB PFII adopted: Recommendation 1 (see recommendation 3 of E/C.19/2007/L.10) Recommendation 2 (see recommendation 21 of E/C.19/2007/L.3) The spirit of Recommendation 3 (see recommendation 17 of E/C.19/2007/L.3) Recommendation 4 (see recommendation 5 of E/C.19/2007/L.10) United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Sixth Session New York 14-25 May 2007 Item 4 of Agenda Second International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People JOINT STATEMENT DELIVERED BY NEIL GILLESPIE ON BEHALF OF: Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement Foundation for Aboriginal and Islander Research Action Indigenous Law Centre, University of New South Wales Menzies School of Health Research National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations National Native Title Council Limited NSW Aboriginal Land Council World Council of Churches (Australia) Madam Chairperson, my name is Neil Gillespie and I present this Intervention on behalf of the Indigenous Peoples Organisations of Australia represented at the Forum. The United Nations General Assembly established a Second Decade for the World’s Indigenous People, which began on 1 January 2005 and concludes in 2015. The Second Decade is a focal point for all United Nations activity on Indigenous peoples over the next 10 years and provides a guide and encourages action by States. The United Nations established the Second Decade because several of the key objectives of the First Decade had not been achieved. Principal among these was the failure to finalise and adopt the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in the First Decade and an acknowledgement that renewed commitment and action is required by the international community. The key five objectives of the Second Decade set out how the United Nations General Assembly intends that the goal of strengthening Indigenous participation in all decisions that affect our lives, lands and identities. These objectives include: Promoting non-discrimination and inclusion of Indigenous peoples in the implementation and evaluation of processes regarding laws, policies, resources, programmes and projects; Promoting participation of Indigenous peoples in decisions affecting them including the principle of free, prior and informed consent; Redefining development policies that depart from a vision of equity including respect for the culture and language of Indigenous peoples; Adopting targeted policies, programmes, projects and budgets for the development of Indigenous peoples, and Developing strong monitoring mechanisms and accountability in the implementation of legal, policy and operational frameworks for the protection of Indigenous peoples and improvement of their lives. There are two areas that I will address in this Intervention to the Permanent Forum. The first is in health services and housing. The Second Decade recommends that States adopt a rights-based approach to the provision of community-based and culturally appropriate healthcare services and housing. It is sad to report that there have been minimal improvements in these areas over the last 40 years in Australia. Recent studies show that Indigenous Australians continue to die 18 years earlier than non-Indigenous people and as a first world nation, our Indigenous peoples continue to have life expectancy similar to that in less developed nations. Significant health disparities persist in the areas of diabetes, heart disease and childhood eye and ear infections. The housing and environmental infrastructure situation for Indigenous communities is in crisis. Statistics show that in many remote communities, up to 17 people are often resident in two bedroom homes. The UN Special Rapporteur for Housing, Miloon Kothari, visited Australia in 2006 and was distressed by what he saw and experienced in Indigenous communities. Even after the Special Rapporteur’s observations, the Australian Government has decided to abolish 600 of Australia’s 616 Indigenous Controlled Housing Organisations and to ‘mainstream’ this housing stock. Madam Chairperson this makes no sense when the mainstream housing authorities are already unable to meet non-Indigenous housing demand. Of particular note is that earlier this year Oxfam and the Australian Medical Association called upon the Australian Government to address the appalling state of Indigenous health and housing. The second area I wish to highlight is the basic human right of access to justice. The Second Decade provides for States to integrate traditional systems of justice and protection and promotion of human rights into national legislation. It is with a sad heart that I report that the Australian Government continues to pursue an agenda that ignores customary and traditional systems within the wider justice system, which is adding significantly to the incarceration rates of Indigenous peoples. It recently passed legislation to remove judges’ discretion in criminal cases to take into account an offender’s cultural background when determining their sentence. The effect of this amendment runs counter to the non-discriminatory provisions of the Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. Australia’s Indigenous peoples account for less than 3% of the total population yet Indigenous men account for over 20% of those incarcerated, while the rates for women are even higher. The underlying causes of the over-representation of Indigenous peoples in the justice system are directly related to our social and economic disadvantage, as well as past racially discriminatory practices such as the forcible removal of Indigenous children from their families. Racially based contemporary policing practices also contribute to the disproportionately high rates at which our children and youth come into contact with the criminal justice system and ultimately enter our prisons. Indigenous legal aid is funded significantly below the levels for mainstream legal aid. For example over the last 11 years Indigenous legal aid has increased approximately 3%, compared to mainstream legal aid which has increased about 120%. This disparity in legal aid funding is denying Indigenous Australians access to justice enjoyed by the wider community. Madam Chairperson, we are concerned that there is an unwillingness on the part of our Government to genuinely recognise, respect and value the cultural distinctiveness of Australia’s First Peoples, and this contributes significantly to our ongoing disadvantage. In Australia there continues to be a blame game by the Government, and by this I mean blaming those disadvantaged for being disadvantaged. The Australian Government has a legal responsibility to provide adequate and culturally appropriate services to Indigenous peoples as a party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). As a first step, the Australian Government must develop, in partnership with Indigenous peoples, the benchmarks, timelines and indicators to measure the progressive realisation of Indigenous human rights. This is essential to ensure the Australian Government can be held accountable. Madam Chairperson the Australian Indigenous Delegation recommends that the Permanent Forum: Strongly supports the immediate adoption without amendment of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples as adopted by the United Nations Human Rights Council; Urge States, particularly those developed nations which endorsed the Second Decade, to provide sufficient resources to the Second Decade Fund to achieve the 5 goals of the Decade. Urge all States, particularly developed nations, to provide for the recognition and integration of customary and traditional laws within domestic justice systems to ensure that indigenous peoples have culturally appropriate access to justice; and Call on all States which have ratified ICESCR to develop, in partnership with indigenous peoples, the benchmarks, timelines and indicators to measure progressive realisation of Indigenous human rights. All services and programs must be developed and delivered in a non-discriminatory and culturally appropriate manner, and with adequate resources to achieve the agreed goals. NB PFII adopted: Recommendation 1 (see recommendation 5 of E/C.19/2007/L.3/Add.1) Recommendation 2 (see recommendation 32 of E/C.19/2007/L.10) Recommendation 3 (see recommendation 33 of E/C.19/2007/L.10) Recommendation 4 (see recommendation 34 of E/C.19/2007/L.10) United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Sixth Session New York, 14-25 May 2007 Item 9 of the Agenda Future Work of the Forum JOINT STATEMENT DELIVERED BY LES MALEZER ON BEHALF OF: Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement (ALRM) Foundation for Aboriginal and Islander Research Action (FAIRA) National Native Title Council National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (NACCHO) New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council (NSWALC) University of New South Wales, Indigenous Law Centre World Council of Churches (Australia) Thank you Madam Chairperson. This is a joint statement on behalf of the Indigenous peoples organisations from Australia. Our intervention addresses the method of work of the Permanent Forum and the effective participation of the indigenous delegations. However first we would like to briefly express our strong objection to today’s news that the Government of Australia has denied the Aboriginal people represented through Tangentyere Council $60 million in housing services. The sole reason provided by the Government is that the Council has refused to relinquish management control of the housing stock. The Government’s policy of intimidation and denial of essential services and is a violation of human rights. It also deprives the Aboriginal people of their right of self-determination. It is a profound example – on the fortieth anniversary of the 1967 Referendum to end denial of Aboriginal people in the Australian Constitution – of how the Australian system of government is not one that represents Aboriginal people or protects our fundamental human rights and freedoms. This is yet another example for indigenous peoples from around the world, as to why the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is so necessary. REGIONAL MEETINGS OF THE PERMANENT FORUM The 10-day period of each Forum session is not sufficient time for indigenous delegations to present ideas, comments and recommendations, nor for States to participate in interactive discussion with the UN agencies and indigenous peoples, nor for the members of the Permanent Forum to give due attention to the six mandated areas of the Permanent Forum. As recommended in the Programme of Action for the 2nd Decade of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, we ask that the Permanent Forum convene regional meetings on indigenous issues with existing regional organizations with a view to strengthening cooperation and coordination. [see Para 69, ‘Social and Economic Development’, Programme of Action, 2nd Decade of the World’s Indigenous Peoples] We also support the recommendation in the Programme of Action that “indigenous organizations should establish a council of indigenous peoples in each region or subregion at the international level with a mandate to evaluate on an ongoing basis the degree to which the goal, objectives and programme of action of the Second Decade are being realized.” [Para 79, Programme of Action, 2nd Decade of the World’s Indigenous Peoples] The Programme of Action also states “in an effort to systematize and build capacity, regional focal points on indigenous issues should be designated in all agencies, funds and programmes with regional offices that are mandated to follow up on the implementation of recommendations of the Permanent Forum and the objectives of the Second Decade. [Para 73, ‘Social and Economic Development’, Programme of Action, 2nd Decade of the World’s Indigenous Peoples] Madam Chairperson, whilst we advocate the need for a regional approach to the Forum’s methods of work to improve efficiency, we also wish to advocate for the need for greater equity in the arrangements for speakers addressing the Forum. We appreciate that it is standard practice to allow States and UN agencies greater latitude in the time taken for their statements, and that interventions delivered by regional caucuses are to be prioritized over others. However, we suggest that under relevant agenda items some time be set aside for national collective statements and smaller group statements. This would improve the transparency of the methods of work of the Forum and provide greater equity to all who wish to participate in future sessions of the Forum. Finally Madam Chairperson, we wish to thank the Forum and in particular the Rapporteur for the work you have initiated to enhance the recognition and protection of traditional knowledge. We welcome the recommendation in the Rapporteur’s report that a study be undertaken to explore how a sui generis legal instrument could be developed which incorporates customary law. We call on States to support this important emerging area of work by the Forum. RECOMMENDATIONS Madam Chairperson, we make the following recommendations: That the Permanent Forum promote and support regional meetings of indigenous peoples, States and UN Agencies in preparation for each session of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. That the United Nations, especially DESA, and States contribute additional funds to the Permanent Forum so that regional meetings can be convened. That, in the Pacific Region, the governments including Australia, New Zealand, France and Indonesia contribute directly to Indigenous Peoples for a Pacific Regional meeting to be convened in Samoa in March 2008 [as agreed by the Pacific Indigenous Caucus). That the Permanent Forum develop a document for consideration at its seventh session which provides guidelines on the speaking arrangements, including timelimits, for all entities appearing before the Forum. That the Permanent Forum adopt the recommendation of its Rapporteur to commission a study to determine how indigenous traditional knowledge could be protected at the international level using a sui generis approach that recognises indigenous customary law. Further we recommend that States provide additional funding to enable research and studies by the Permanent Forum, and that the mandate of the Voluntary Fund be broadened to include payment for research projects. _____________________________________________________________________ United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues _____________________________________________________________________ Sixth Session New York 14-15 May 2007 26 May 2007 Commemoration of the 40th Anniversary of 1967 Referendum Joint statement delivered by Liam ridgeway on behalf of: Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement (ALRM) Foundation for Aboriginal and Islander Research Action (FAIRA) National Native Title Council National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (NACCHO) New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council (NSWALC) University of New South Wales, Indigenous Law Centre World Council of Churches (Australia) Thank you Madam Chair. I am delivering this statement on behalf of all of the Australian Indigenous peoples’ organisations in attendance at the 6th Session of the Permanent Forum. On May 27, 1967, 40 years ago this weekend, an Australian national referendum was held affecting the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. What it did was amend the Australian Constitution to remove specific phrases and provisions discriminatory of Australia's indigenous population, and is seen as giving full citizenship rights to the Aborigines. This win was fantastic for the Aboriginal movement for equality. Although, it is frequently stated that the 1967 referendum gave aboriginal people Australian citizenship and that it gave them the right to vote in federal election. Neither of these statements is correct, the referendum in actual fact did not end discrimination against Indigenous Australians All though today does mark the 40th Anniversary of the national referendum we as indigenous people in our country of Australia still have a long way to walk in our struggles to be treated as equal. We would now like to ask everyone to honour a minutes silence not t only for the 40th Anniversary of the Australian Indigenous national referendum but also for all indigenous people across the globe who suffer from the adverse impacts of colonisation and government policy Thank you Madam Chair. END  This is the Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage Framework that is being used by the Council of Australian Governments.       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