ࡱ> }|` @bjbjss .Q8cVVVVVVVjrrr8fDjM=#&# $<<<<<<<$@h9Cf<V%##%%<VV =~(~(~(%pVV<~(%<~(~(6hVV7 p&ىWr%7<4=0M=7C&$C 77 CV: $>I$,~(u$$$ $ $ $<<(j $ $ $M=%%%%jjjN$jjjNjjjVVVVVV Jasna Hadzimejlic 20 September 2005 Striking the Balance Women, men, work and family Paid Work and Family Responsibilities Submission Sex Discrimination Unit I would like to congratulate the Commission on the initiative to start the discussion on many very important issues for working people around Australia. I would also like to welcome the opportunity to respond and contribute to the Discussion Paper 2005 Striking the Balance Women, men, work and family. My submission is based on my personal experience and observation, thus contributing to the discussion as a case study from an average working mother. My family consists of four son (10 years of age), daughter (8 years of age), husband and myself. Both my husband and I work up to 38 hours a week, which is, by Australian standards, reasonable. Our working hours are pretty flexible. We have good family relationships. We are mostly healthy and have no major issues. Looking at all these facts, one would be rushed to conclude that we are able to achieve work-life balance. In this submission I will argue that it is far from desired and healthy balance. I will also offer my views on consequences of not achieving the balance for many people in our society and also some of my views on what needs to be done to influence the change. MY PRESENT SITUATION There is no widely accepted notion about what a work-life balance actually is. It is different for everyone and it is perceived differently. There is not and it should not be 'one size fits all' solution. However, that fact creates a number of potential problems as the lack of holistic approach in considering needs in modern society influences governments and businesses to assume many aspects of what people need and want, while allowing consequences to worsen over the recent decades. Many people believe that the families could achieve work-life balance if women stay home. Others think that people need more money so that they could cater for their lifestyle choice. Some believe that allowing for flexible work hours arrangements will resolve the problem. Others believe that we should learn how to enjoy in and appreciate what we have got. Whichever viewpoint we take, we are not covering it all. That is why the discussion about work-life balance has to be open and ongoing. For me, work-life balance will be achieved when I have enough time for after work activities, such as spending quality time with children, partner, extended family, friends and neighbours, for regular recreation activities and arts/cultural participation. These activities relax me and make me happier mum, wife, daughter, relative, neighbour and employee who is able and willing to contribute at work with more enthusiasm and clear mind. Social reformers promoted a three 8 system to stop industries from exploiting workers. They divided the day into thirds, with eight hours of work, eight hours of recreation, and eight hours of sleep. This division would probably yield the healthiest balance if it is implemented justly. Changes that have been happening in recent decades - changing working environment, the increasing pressures, both in and outside of work and the escalating expectations of employers have created unreasonable and ever-expanding demands on kids to perform in school and be invisible after school, demands on working people to dedicate their life to work and buy everything else that they might need, demands on elderly to either continue working beyond retirement age or contribute as volunteers. Rhetoric, that workers should have a right and freedom to pursue leisure activities, social and family responsibilities outside the workplace, has become shallow and offensive, as there is NO ENOUGH TIME. I spend 8 hours a day at WORK and that is not negotiable. Out of my 8 hours leisure time and 8 hours sleep time I spent additional 9 hours WORKING which comes to 17 HOURS OF WORK a day during weekdays and 8 hours of work on a weekend. Additional 9 hours of daily work comprises of activities such as getting ready to work, travelling to and from work, preparing dinner and cleaning afterwards, washing clothes, shopping, cleaning a house, helping children with school work and getting them to outside school activities, or taking care of elderly parents. There is 168 hours in a week. I sleep 49 hours and work 95 hours a week, which leaves only 24 hours a week for my personal pursuits. Thus, I sleep twice as less as I work and I work 4 times more than I spent unwinding and enjoying my personal life. Moreover, I work way more hours than sleeping and recreating together. Thus, I use almost all hours dedicated to my private activities and 1-2 hours off my sleep time to complete all the uninspiring and tiresome chores (= WORK) that have to be done. That leaves me with NO TIME whatsoever to exercise my freedom to pursue my right to engage in recreation, cultural or social activities and also deprives me of proper sleep. As a consequence, I have NO TIME at all for myself, for my partner, for my parents, for my relatives, for my friends. My relationships with people have become very superficial and reactive. I can hardly attend to urgent calls to nurture my children. In attending to urgent matters only I deprive my children from delights of spontaneity. Their childhood has becoming burdened with the sense of urgency, with no time to celebrate successes, no time to unwind, all which takes away sense of achievement and enjoyment in life. In a desperate attempt to save some time many of us resort to quick-fix solutions such as synthetic and unhealthy clothes that do not require a lot of care; processed or take away food that does not provide necessary nutrients; heavy chemicals for quick cleaning that cause a lot of health problems including asthma; excessive driving of our cars that pollute the air. (I live in Sydney, as do 1/5 of all Australians) and this fact takes several hours a day from my life with no solution in sight.) How cheated all people like me must feel after being deprived of regular nutritional food, opportunities for recreational, artistic or cultural pursuits, social and spiritual connections with the environment and proper rest. All these factors negatively influence my mood, my zest for life, my pleasant personality, leading to the ongoing feeling of tiredness, unconstructiveness, negativity, hopelessness and pessimism. From that constant feeling of being drained I get flu very often. I also feel guilty if I take sick days too often, so I come to work feeling miserable while spreading my bugs. I am convinced that others feel the same. I talk to many people and they all agree. Also, every morning in a busy train station I observe hundreds and hundreds of sad, uninspired, almost depressed faces going to school or work. Everybody has their head down with their own worries that consume them slowly. People walk pass injured on the street with no empathy or interest. When I talk to my colleagues at work they tell me I am pretty well for Monday. or Thanks God it is Friday. or Weekend was too short or I hate when I feel as tired on Monday morning as if it is Thursday. or when primary school children and pensioners claim they do not have time. EFFECTS AND CONSEQUENCES I argue that the pressure on workers produced by juggling the demands of home and work and trying to fit more and more into the day is growing. Daily expenses and insecurity on many levels have caused fears and sense of hopelessness. As a result social and health problems are on a rise and many problems that could be prevented are let unattended and are not even recognised. As a result, modern lifestyle has becoming increasingly unsustainable! There is a significant body of evidence to suggest that many modern problems are due to unmet need for work-life balance. We witness overwhelming sense of powerlessness over our time nominally dedicated for rest and recuperation. We experience growing frustration resulting from our inability to engage in activities that will relax us and make us more productive. Consumerism is consuming us. When accumulated, all these depravations lead to: - stress and depression - isolation and alienation - ill health and obesity - dysfunctional and split families - disoriented and unsupported children - teen pregnancy and crime - depressed youth and high suicide rate - drug/alcohol abuse and violence - dangerously low natality rate Although not extensive, even this short list portrays a bleak picture of the state of our society. Are we aware that some of these problems are due to our modern way of life? Have we attempted to calculate how much money does it cost our society? Have we compared it with gains of having tired, uninspired and unmotivated people sitting at their desks on seventh and eighth hour in a day? How many mistakes are made because people are tired and cannot concentrate? Have we calculated how much money we would be saving if we allow people to come to work refreshed and inspired to contribute to the operations of their organisation? Have we investigated the relationship between prevention of these perils versus perceived financial gains? SOLUTIONS Long working hours culture that is present in many Australian companies maintains the myth that dedication to the job is measured by the amount of time spent at work, irrespective of outputs. This culture resists creative and positive changes and challenges the possibility that part time work and flexible working is proven to be more productive. The organisation in which I work has in places many initiatives to allow for work-life balance and people are not being discouraged to exercise their rights. Yet, recent survey on organisational culture brought extremely negative results on the question whether workers feel that they have achieved work-life balance. It was a big surprise for the management as there is not much more that they could do to improve it. So, why did my organisation receive such a negative feedback? I am convinced that it is because people DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH TIME. Flexible hours will only alleviate the burden allowing for better rearrangements all the daily demands but will not give people fulfilment required for sustainable contentment. I believe that the government has an important role in maintaining momentum in the debate about work-life balance. Government should take an opportunity and leadership and have a top down approach on three different fronts: through legislative change, through awareness raising and promotion of the best practice models and through providing financial assistance when needed. 1. Legislative change In 21st century human race should be looking at improving standards of our lives! We should not be campaigning for basic human rights such as: special leave entitlement and paid leave for working parents and carers better pay for those on low incomes bargaining rights for those denied recognition access to learning and career development for all full and proper enforcement of regulations covering working time elimination of discrimination 30 hour paid working week paid lunch brake. 2. Awareness raising and promotion of the best practice models Governments need to take initiative and responsibility to ensure that people continue talking about work-life balance so that we influence the way businesses gain more understanding about health, psychological, sociological and environmental impacts of long working hours vs. sustainable, flexible and trusting work environment. Most businesses have to be educated to understand that when people are treated with respect, when they are given enough time to recuperate they are much more productive and that working longer hours affects peoples social lives disproportionately without any discernable economic benefit. Employers need to realise that business and cost benefits of addressing these issues include improved recruitment and retention levels, reduced absenteeism, improved morale and productivity, and improved services to customers. Governments mission in continuously improving sustainable work-life strategies might include: making employers more aware of the issues incentives for employers to investigate better ways of working arranging work more effectively making work more sensitive encouraging innovative employment practices and social policies Some of these helpful practices would be to allow for all or any of the provisions below: flexitime part-time working job-sharing annualised hours task oriented jobs (not hours) term time working tele-working home working voluntary reduced hours career breaks compressed-working-weeks 3. Financial support and assistance Government should be responsible for various forms of support and assistance to business and individuals. There should be a recognition and support for working parents and carers who usually feel as they have two full time jobs. Low income and job seekers should be assisted in a creative and meaningful manner. Work-life balance is often about enabling people to re-enter the workplace, change profession or hours of work. There should be a legislation or at least government support to employers who allow such provisions. Furthermore, there should be a reward system to all employers who attempt to meet the need for work-life balance of their employees. Grants and partnership funds should be available to businesses that embark on consulting and implementing new strategies in improving conditions for their workers. CONCLUSION The challenge of work-life balance has become a central theme for many people. Many things may affect peoples work-life balance, but if the balance is not achieved than many things are affected by sheer lack of time. Dissatisfaction with societys response to the consequences of our inability to cope with too many pressures is increasing. Work is part of our lives it should not be all there is to life. Work-life balance is about people having a measure of control over when, where and how they work. It is achieved when an individual's right to a fulfilled life inside and outside paid work is accepted and respected as the norm, to the mutual benefit of the individual, business and society.      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