%PDF-1.2 %忏嫌 14 0 obj << /Length 15 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 48 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (1) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc (26) Tj 9 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 715.5 TD /F1 18 Tf -0.0125 Tc 0.0125 Tw (Racism and civil society: A national summit on racism) Tj 403.5 0 TD /F2 18 Tf 0 Tc -0.06 Tw ( ) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj -409.5 -15.75 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -15 TD /F2 14.25 Tf -0.1036 Tc 0 Tw (Introduction) Tj 70.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -70.5 -15 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0382 Tc 0.2482 Tw (In preparation for the World Conference Against Racism, the Human Rights and ) Tj T* -0.0426 Tc 0.3276 Tw (Equal Opportunity Commission, with funding assistance from the UN High ) Tj T* -0.0385 Tc 0.2485 Tw (Commissioner for Human Rights, organis) Tj 205.5 0 TD -0.039 Tc 0.249 Tw (ed ) Tj 15 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0317 Tc 0.1167 Tw (Racism and civil society: A national ) Tj -220.5 -13.5 TD -0.015 Tc 0.225 Tw (summit on racism) Tj 87 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0368 Tc 0.2468 Tw ( which brought together a broad range of civil society, including ) Tj -87 -14.25 TD -0.0355 Tc 0.1621 Tw (Indigenous community and peak NGO leaders, academics, legal practitioners, ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0367 Tc 0.2467 Tw (human rights activists and representatives from business, r) Tj 287.25 0 TD -0.0256 Tc 0.2356 Tw (eligion, arts, sports and ) Tj -287.25 -14.25 TD -0.179 Tc -0.361 Tw (media. ) Tj 36 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -36 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0513 Tc 0.2078 Tw (Over two days the summit, both through the presentations of the panellists and most ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0361 Tc 0.1628 Tw (importantly animated, enthusiastic and at times challenging working groups, ) Tj T* -0.0369 Tc 0.2469 Tw (explored racism in Australia and examined our successes and f) Tj 307.5 0 TD -0.0438 Tc 0.4413 Tw (ailures in trying to ) Tj -307.5 -14.25 TD -0.1107 Tc 0.3207 Tw (combat it. ) Tj 56.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -56.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0545 Tc 0.2109 Tw (The attached report of the Summit is an attempt to bring together the ideas, ) Tj T* -0.0422 Tc 0.3203 Tw (experiences, analysis and strategies for future action, which the delegates covered ) Tj T* -0.0678 Tc 0.346 Tw (over the two days. We have structured the report around the ) Tj 300 0 TD -0.0287 Tc 0.0512 Tw (program of the Summit ) Tj -300 -14.25 TD -0.0525 Tc 0.2089 Tw (which in itself was based on the five themes of the World Conference Against ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0403 Tc 0.2503 Tw (Racism $WCAR$ and the questions under each theme in the HREOC discussion ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0544 Tc 0.2644 Tw (paper \223Combating racism in Australia\224.) Tj 196.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -196.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.04 Tw ( ) Tj 21.75 0 TD 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -21.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -15.75 TD /F2 14.25 Tf 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.5 TD -0.1029 Tc 0.3991 Tw (Session one: Sources, causes and vi) Tj 206.25 0 TD -0.1948 Tc 0.116 Tw (ctims of racism) Tj 87.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -294 -16.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -16.5 TD -0.0891 Tc 0 Tw (Panellists) Tj 54.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -54.75 -15 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0094 Tc 5.5577 Tw (Emeritus Professor Laksiri Jayasuriya, \221Understanding Australian racism: A) Tj 0 Tc 0.96 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0499 Tc 0.3432 Tw (prelude to combating racism\222 $paper available from the HREOC website$) Tj 359.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -359.25 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0191 Tc 4.0242 Tw (Professor Jayasuriya is Hon. Senior Research Fellow, University of Western) Tj 0 Tc 0.96 Tw ( ) Tj T* -0.033 Tc 0 Tw (Austra) Tj 32.25 0 TD 0.0405 Tc 3.9945 Tw (lia, Perth. Professor Jayasuriya worked at the University of Western) Tj 0 Tc 0.96 Tw ( ) Tj -32.25 -14.25 TD -0.0106 Tc 0.3706 Tw (Australia for over 25 years where he held the Foundation Chair of Social Work and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0495 Tc 0.2595 Tw (Social Administration until his retirement in 1992. ) Tj 254.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -254.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0203 Tc 0.4446 Tw (Professor Jayasuriya argued that in order to addr) Tj 242.25 0 TD 0.0554 Tc 0.1546 Tw (ess racism, we must understand its ) Tj -242.25 -14.25 TD -0.0569 Tc 1.6515 Tw (nature and character in Australia. He outlined a distinction between two forms of ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0481 Tc 0.9655 Tw (racism: the 'old racism' of discrimination on the basis of inferiority and the 'new ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0022 Tc 0.9578 Tw (racism' based on a logic of differentiation or exclusio) Tj 270.75 0 TD 0.0762 Tc 0.7588 Tw (n on the basis of differences ) Tj -270.75 -14.25 TD -0.012 Tc 1.722 Tw ($such as national origin or descent, myths and symbolic identity as a \221people\222 or ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0711 Tc 1.8882 Tw (nation$. In Australia the two logics co) Tj 200.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0081 Tc 1.6109 Tw (exist but have recently been expressed in ) Tj -204.75 -14.25 TD -0.0505 Tc 0.2605 Tw (terms of culture, nation and ethnicity.) Tj 185.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -185.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 15 0 obj 5333 endobj 4 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 14 0 R >> endobj 17 0 obj << /Length 18 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 48 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (2) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc (26) Tj 9 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0529 Tc 0.2629 Tw (Dr Kevin Dunn, Unive) Tj 113.25 0 TD -0.0129 Tc 0.2229 Tw (rsity of NSW, \221The geographies of racism\222) Tj 211.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -324.75 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0 Tc 3.1097 Tw (Dr Dunn is a lecturer in geography at the University of NSW. He recently ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0543 Tc 0.9518 Tw (published $with Amy McDonald$ an analysis of the geographical patterns of racism ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0615 Tc 0.2715 Tw (in New South Wales. ) Tj 111.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -111.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0194 Tc 0.3406 Tw (Dr Dunn presented recent research i) Tj 179.25 0 TD 0.0078 Tc 0.3093 Tw (nto the geographic spread of intolerant attitudes ) Tj -179.25 -13.5 TD -0.0344 Tc 4.0626 Tw (throughout New South Wales. The research found that racist attitudes were) Tj 0 Tc 0.96 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0134 Tc 1.1341 Tw (expressed in each region in highly specific ways and did not conform to an often) Tj 411 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -411 -14.25 TD -0.0955 Tc 3.3055 Tw (assumed rural) Tj 70.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0382 Tc 3.2483 Tw (urban divide. Anti) Tj 102.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.056 Tc 3.154 Tw (Asian attitudes,) Tj 79.5 0 TD -0.0506 Tc 3.2606 Tw ( for example, were strong in) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -260.25 -14.25 TD -0.0424 Tc 2.4524 Tw (some rural centres but were also strong in the outer urban districts in the state ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0074 Tc 2.4526 Tw (capital Sydney. The research pointed to the need for the development of anti) Tj 411 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -411 -13.5 TD -0.0808 Tc 2.0908 Tw (racism initiatives that are responsive to the local nature $and pot) Tj 330.75 0 TD -0.0308 Tc 1.4908 Tw (entially the local ) Tj -330.75 -14.25 TD -0 Tc 0.2104 Tw (causes$ of racism.) Tj 88.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -88.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0328 Tc 0.3178 Tw (Irene Forestenko, Senior Deputy Chair, Federation of Ethnic Communities Councils ) Tj T* 0.0026 Tc 0.2074 Tw (Australia $FECCA$) Tj 95.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -95.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0442 Tc 3.0042 Tw (Ms Forestenko is an active member of the Ukrainian community in Canberra, ) Tj T* -0.0233 Tc 0.9833 Tw (having migrated to Australia in 1949 after ) Tj 217.5 0 TD 0.0156 Tc 1.0516 Tw (fleeing Ukrainia in 1944. She has been ) Tj -217.5 -14.25 TD 0.0373 Tc 0.9227 Tw (Vice President of the Ethnic Communities' Council of the ACT, and an executive ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0314 Tc 1.1959 Tw (member of the Teacher's Education Union and the Pakistani Australian Friendship ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0501 Tc 0.0726 Tw (Association of the ACT. ) Tj 123.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -123.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0073 Tc 1.7027 Tw (Ms Forestenko outlined a range o) Tj 172.5 0 TD -0.0009 Tc 1.4966 Tw (f current concerns held by FECCA, Australia's ) Tj -172.5 -14.25 TD -0.0013 Tc 0.3613 Tw (peak organisation representing ethnic communities. These included matters relating ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0108 Tc 4.1159 Tw (to the recognition of migrant qualifications obtained overseas, the mandatory) Tj 0 Tc 0.96 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0366 Tc 0.2466 Tw (detention of asylum seekers and reconciliation w) Tj 238.5 0 TD -0.0789 Tc 0.6639 Tw (ith Indigenous peoples.) Tj 113.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -351.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -15.75 TD /F2 14.25 Tf -0.1056 Tc -1.0982 Tw (Workshops ) Tj 69 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -69 -15 TD /F2 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0707 Tc 1.6393 Tw (Theme one:) Tj 61.5 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F2 12 Tf 0.0809 Tc 1.3479 Tw (Sources, causes, forms and contemporary manifestations of racism, ) Tj -66.75 -14.25 TD -0.0163 Tc 0.2263 Tw (racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance) Tj 279.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -279.75 -14.25 TD /F2 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.1853 Tc 1.5247 Tw (Question 1 ) Tj 63 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 6 0 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.0934 Tc 2.1166 Tw (To what extent do racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and ) Tj -73.5 -13.5 TD -0.018 Tc 0 Tw (relate) Tj 27 0 TD 0.1046 Tc 0.1631 Tw (d intolerance exist in Australian society? In what ways do people experience ) Tj -27 -14.25 TD -0.0245 Tc 0.2345 Tw (racism? Can you give examples of racism?) Tj 211.5 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -211.5 -14.25 TD /F2 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.0461 Tc 1.5957 Tw (The four workshop groups were in agreement that racism, racial discrimination, ) Tj T* -0.0581 Tc 1.0181 Tw (xenophobia and related intolerance are widespread and ent) Tj 291 0 TD 0.008 Tc 0.952 Tw (renched in contemporary ) Tj -291 -13.5 TD 0.0033 Tc 0.2067 Tw (Australian society.) Tj 91.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -91.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.045 Tc 0.105 Tw (The workshops variously stated that: ) Tj 183.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -183.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 18 -14.25 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (\247) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0524 Tc 2.4499 Tw (There is considerable evidence of racism in the workplace, schools, the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0133 Tc 2.942 Tw (media $including ethnic media$; sport; employment; accommodation; the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0158 Tc 0.2258 Tw (provision of goods and servic) Tj 144.75 0 TD -0.0449 Tc 0.2549 Tw (es; policing and the criminal justice process.) Tj 218.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -381 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 18 0 obj 5976 endobj 16 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources <> /Contents 17 0 R >> endobj 25 0 obj << /F0 6 0 R /F2 10 0 R /F3 12 0 R /F4 19 0 R /F5 21 0 R /F6 23 0 R >> endobj 27 0 obj << /Length 28 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 48 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (3) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc (26) Tj 9 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -386.25 720.75 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (\247) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.0085 Tc 3.1333 Tw (There is insufficient research about racism, which makes it difficult to ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0268 Tc 0.2457 Tw (measure fully the extent of racism, or to understand its compounding effects ) Tj T* -0.0403 Tc 0.2503 Tw (and systemic nature; and ) Tj 125.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -161.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 18 -14.25 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (\247) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.06 Tc 2.52 Tw (Formal processes for making com) Tj 175.5 0 TD 0.0062 Tc 2.2038 Tw (plaints about discrimination $such as to ) Tj -175.5 -14.25 TD 0.0014 Tc 1.7086 Tw (HREOC, state or territory anti) Tj 158.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0357 Tc 1.5243 Tw (discrimination boards or equal opportunity ) Tj -162 -14.25 TD 0.0011 Tc 0.3452 Tw (commissions, and ombudsmans$ are not representative of the level of racism ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0058 Tc 1.8292 Tw (in society, and merely constitute the tip of the iceberg. It was c) Tj 331.5 0 TD 0.0987 Tc 0.8613 Tw (onsidered ) Tj -331.5 -14.25 TD -0.0011 Tc 0.3842 Tw (that this was especially the case given that certain groups, who are generally ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0574 Tc 3.0944 Tw (more likely to be the subject of discrimination, are less likely to lodge ) Tj T* 0.0272 Tc 2.3646 Tw (formal complaints for a variety of reasons $including lack of knowledge ) Tj T* -0.0617 Tc 0.2717 Tw (about their rights or) Tj 97.5 0 TD -0.0302 Tc 0.2402 Tw ( mistrust of mainstream legal processes$.) Tj 201 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -334.5 -13.5 TD /F2 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.0054 Tc 1.8117 Tw (Racism was seen as existing in many forms, with new variants emerging all the ) Tj T* 0.0269 Tc 2.2456 Tw (time. Each group described the experience of racism as being deeply personal, ) Tj T* -0.0138 Tc 1.0988 Tw (having a devastating effect on the self) Tj 190.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0172 Tc 0.5678 Tw (esteem, identity ) Tj 83.25 0 TD -0.0035 Tc 1.1135 Tw (and human dignity of those ) Tj -277.5 -14.25 TD 0.0364 Tc 0.3142 Tw (who suffer it. The groups saw it as important to acknowledge the depth of hurt and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0712 Tc 1.0312 Tw (pain that racism causes for those who suffer it, but also stressed that racism should ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0431 Tc 0.3169 Tw (not be viewed as solely existing at a personal/ individual l) Tj 288.75 0 TD 0.0891 Tc 0.1209 Tw (evel. Racism was seen as ) Tj -288.75 -14.25 TD -0.0342 Tc 0.4173 Tw (being institutional in nature, and about power and privilege $this is discussed further ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.046 Tc 0.914 Tw (under question 2 below$; and as affecting the ability of people who suffer it from ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0435 Tc 0.2535 Tw (participating in Australian society on an equal footing.) Tj 267 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -267 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.024 Tc 0 Tw (Th) Tj 13.5 0 TD -0.0455 Tc 0.2555 Tw (e following examples of racism were discussed in the workshop groups:) Tj 353.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -366.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 18 -14.25 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (\247) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.0408 Tc 0.9192 Tw (A lack of tolerance for cultural difference and diversity by the mainstream ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0472 Tc 2.9845 Tw (society. It was noted that there is markedly greater antagonism towards ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0142 Tc 0.2243 Tw (groups who are more visibly different) Tj 186 0 TD -0.0398 Tc 0.4373 Tw ( $for example, muslims$ but it was also ) Tj -186 -14.25 TD 0.0298 Tc 1.6802 Tw (noted, paradoxically, that racism can manifest against particular ethnic or ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0148 Tc 1.7248 Tw (racial groups through frustration and lack of understanding of the cultural ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0356 Tc 0.9956 Tw (distinctiveness of a particular group where the cultural charact) Tj 311.25 0 TD 0.0106 Tc 0.9494 Tw (eristics of the ) Tj -311.25 -14.25 TD -0.0321 Tc 0.2421 Tw (group are not as obvious or visible to others;) Tj 220.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -238.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (\247) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0488 Tc 1.0088 Tw (Hansonism and the far right. Concern was expressed at the lack of a strong ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0021 Tc 1.8443 Tw (government voice speaking out against racism and hate speech, under the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0354 Tc 0.9954 Tw (pretext of allowing \221freedom of speech\222. One ) Tj 231.75 0 TD -0.0173 Tc 0.9773 Tw (group stated that \221free speech ) Tj -231.75 -14.25 TD -0.0425 Tc 0.3358 Tw (is often used to validate the expression of racist opinions\222.) Tj 285.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -303.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (\247) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0329 Tc 1.6853 Tw (A more subtle form of racism which was identified as being prominent in ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0032 Tc 0.4568 Tw (political debate in Australia is the appropriation of human rights language to ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.069 Tc 7.029 Tw (express fun) Tj 62.25 0 TD 0.0977 Tc 6.8623 Tw (damentally racist views and to de) Tj 200.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0064 Tc 6.9664 Tw (legitimise anti) Tj 76.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.092 Tc 0.118 Tw (racism ) Tj -346.5 -14.25 TD 0.0055 Tc 1.1152 Tw (initiatives. An example of this was the way that, during the debates on the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0373 Tc 3.2473 Tw (native title amendments and reconciliation, the term \221equality\222 has been ) Tj T* -0.0647 Tc 0.2747 Tw (presented as requiring identical treatment in all ) Tj 234 0 TD 0.0763 Tc 0 Tw (circumstances.) Tj 72.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -342.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 18 -14.25 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (\247) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.008 Tc 0.4327 Tw (Concern was also expressed at the tendency in political debate to label those ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0645 Tc 0.9669 Tw (who speak out against racism as \221politically correct\222 and to seek to discredit ) Tj T* 0.0108 Tc 7.6992 Tw (individuals and organizations who are critical of Australia\222s race) Tj 0 Tc 0.96 Tw ( ) Tj T* -0.0716 Tc 0.2816 Tw (performance, par) Tj 84.75 0 TD -0.0631 Tc 0.4606 Tw (ticularly when overseas, as \221un) Tj 152.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0675 Tc (Australian\222.) Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 28 0 obj 7025 endobj 26 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 27 0 R >> endobj 30 0 obj << /Length 31 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 48 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (4) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc (26) Tj 9 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 18 -14.25 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (\247) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0576 Tc 3.7449 Tw (Forms of denialism were also discussed, particularly in relation to the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0173 Tc 0.9773 Tw (connection between the contemporary experiences of Indigenous people and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0 Tc 0.8913 Tw (our colonial past, and the attempts to discredit the findings of ) Tj 317.25 0 TD -0.138 Tc 0.348 Tw (the ) Tj 18.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.1035 Tc 0.8565 Tw (Bringing ) Tj -336 -14.25 TD -0.0518 Tc 4.0118 Tw (them home) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 65.25 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0286 Tc 4.4172 Tw (report and the experiences of Indigenous children forcibly) Tj 0 Tc 0.96 Tw ( ) Tj -65.25 -14.25 TD -0.0636 Tc 0.0861 Tw (removed from their families. ) Tj 144.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -180.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 7.5 0 TD ( ) Tj -7.5 -13.5 TD -0.0029 Tc 1.1772 Tw (In addition to identifying racism as existing in the workplace, schools, the media ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0128 Tc 3.1972 Tw ($including ethnic media$; sport; employment; accommodatio) Tj 313.5 0 TD 0.0345 Tc 3.4255 Tw (n; the provision of) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -313.5 -14.25 TD -0.03 Tc 1.74 Tw (goods and services; policing and the criminal justice process; the workshops also ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0121 Tc 0.9479 Tw (identified as examples of racism the \221criminalisation\222 and stigmatization of asylum ) Tj T* -0.0036 Tc 1.0317 Tw (seekers and refugees; and the impact of mandatory detention laws in th) Tj 360.75 0 TD 0.0513 Tc 0.9087 Tw (e Northern ) Tj -360.75 -13.5 TD -0.0057 Tc 1.5657 Tw (Territory and Western Australia, particularly on Indigenous people. Concern was ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0374 Tc 1.6849 Tw (also expressed that there exists structural or systemic discrimination in the labour ) Tj T* -0.0246 Tc 2.3596 Tw (market and in areas of government policy, with government funding and policy ) Tj T* -0.052 Tc 0 Tw (dec) Tj 16.5 0 TD -0.0147 Tc 3.0884 Tw (isions relating to access to services occasionally having a racially disparate ) Tj -16.5 -14.25 TD -0.0943 Tc 0 Tw (impact.) Tj 36 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -36 -13.5 TD /F2 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.1853 Tc 0.7747 Tw (Question 2) Tj 55.5 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 4.5 0 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.0761 Tc 1.0714 Tw (What are some of the sources, causes and factors that contribute to ) Tj -69 -14.25 TD -0.045 Tc 0.63 Tw (racism in Australia?) Tj 99 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -102.75 -14.25 TD /F2 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.0299 Tc 0.9301 Tw (It was recognised that the causes of racism in Australia are com) Tj 325.5 0 TD 0.0888 Tc 0.8712 Tw (plex, inter) Tj 52.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0917 Tc 0.8683 Tw (related ) Tj -381.75 -14.25 TD -0.0088 Tc 1.1188 Tw (and change over time, and that there is no single overriding causal factor that can ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0131 Tc 1.7767 Tw (explain all forms of racism in Australian society. The causes of racism will also ) Tj T* -0.0561 Tc 2.3116 Tw (vary according to factors such as local or regional circumstances and ) Tj 366 0 TD 0.0384 Tc 0.9216 Tw (prevailing ) Tj -366 -14.25 TD -0.0318 Tc 3.3356 Tw (economic conditions. There are also multiple forms of racism) Tj 0 Tc -0.54 Tw ( ) Tj 334.5 0 TD 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD -0.0136 Tc 3.5986 Tw ( ranging from) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -340.5 -13.5 TD -0.0348 Tc 0.9372 Tw (explicit ideologies of racial superiority through to more covert or indirect forms of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.051 Tc 1.761 Tw (racism, and structural inequalities $which are reflected economically in the labour) Tj 415.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -415.5 -14.25 TD -0.0627 Tc 0.0227 Tw (market in particular$. ) Tj 108 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -108 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0274 Tc 1.6826 Tw (At a structural level, racism is tied to the distribution of power and privilege in ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0282 Tc 2.3632 Tw (Australian society, and is about its maintenance in social, cultural, political and ) Tj T* 0.0443 Tc 2.1657 Tw (economic spheres. Because of this, the suggestion that racism ) Tj 330.75 0 TD 0.0788 Tc 1.6312 Tw (is irrational was ) Tj -330.75 -14.25 TD -0.0233 Tc 0.9833 Tw (rejected ) Tj 42.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD 0.0146 Tc 1.1185 Tw ( it is used to rationalise power differentials in societies across the world ) Tj -48.75 -14.25 TD -0.0345 Tc 0.9368 Tw ($and historically was a main justification for slavery and colonialism$. This power ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0111 Tc 0.2823 Tw (dimension has resulted in racially privileged groups in society, a) Tj 320.25 0 TD 0.0236 Tc 0.3739 Tw (nd for them racism ) Tj -320.25 -14.25 TD -0.0741 Tc 0.2264 Tw (is reflected in a fear of \221what we will have to give up\222. ) Tj 272.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -272.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0311 Tc 2.2925 Tw (Some concerns were expressed about the language of government policy which ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0175 Tc 3.1348 Tw (focuses on \221harmony\222 and \221tolerance\222. These terms were seen by some to be ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0418 Tc 1.7518 Tw (hierarchical and patronising) Tj 138.75 0 TD -0.0195 Tc 1.7295 Tw (, implying that the acceptance of minority groups and ) Tj -138.75 -14.25 TD 0.0331 Tc 2.3019 Tw (cultural difference is dependant upon the beneficence of the dominant group in ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0674 Tc 0.1836 Tw (society, rather than as a matter of right. ) Tj 198.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -198.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0242 Tc 0.9842 Tw (The workshops did, however, express some concern about a blanket statement tha) Tj 411.75 0 TD 0.414 Tc -0.204 Tw (t ) Tj -411.75 -14.25 TD 0.0597 Tc 0.2039 Tw (all racism results from an imbalance of power. Participants pointed to instances of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0458 Tc 1.0058 Tw (fear and intolerance by those marginalised within society and challenged the notion ) Tj T* -0.0409 Tc 0.2509 Tw (that economic or class privilege provides some immunity against racism.) Tj 357 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -357 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 31 0 obj 6639 endobj 29 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources <> /Contents 30 0 R >> endobj 32 0 obj << /F0 6 0 R /F2 10 0 R /F3 12 0 R /F4 19 0 R /F5 21 0 R /F6 23 0 R >> endobj 34 0 obj << /Length 35 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 48 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (5) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc (26) Tj 9 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0933 Tc 0.3033 Tw (While racism) Tj 64.5 0 TD -0.0107 Tc 0.4082 Tw ( is structural in nature, the workshops also discussed the importance in ) Tj -64.5 -14.25 TD -0.01 Tc 0.345 Tw (addressing individual expressions of racism, which they saw as being learnt through ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.036 Tc 3.696 Tw (family, media and an education system weighted towards \221traditional\222 English ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0604 Tc 0.0204 Tw (values and history. ) Tj 96 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -96 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0305 Tc 1.678 Tw (There was general consensus among the four workshop groups that the following ) Tj T* -0.0471 Tc 0.2571 Tw (are among the key sources, causes and factors that contribute to racism in Australia:) Tj 414 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -414 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 18 -14.25 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (\247) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0059 Tc 1.7041 Tw (The fear of cultural difference and the construction of a national identity.) Tj 379.5 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -379.5 -14.25 TD -0.0015 Tc 2.4615 Tw (One group desc) Tj 81.75 0 TD -0.0175 Tc 2.1963 Tw (ribed racism as \221an inappropriate response to difference\222. ) Tj -81.75 -14.25 TD -0.0369 Tc 3.0219 Tw (The appropriate recognition of cultural difference within a cohesive and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0227 Tc 3.0719 Tw (inclusive national identity was seen as a key issue in facing racism in ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0554 Tc 0.3591 Tw (Australian society. The attempts by some in our soci) Tj 258.75 0 TD 0.0189 Tc 0.1911 Tw (ety to perpetuate models ) Tj -258.75 -14.25 TD -0.0361 Tc 2.3461 Tw (of Australian identity that implicitly exclude or marginalise diversity was ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0014 Tc 2.5211 Tw (seen as a powerful vehicle for modern racist ideology. The workshops ) Tj T* -0.0547 Tc 0.4378 Tw (stated that much fear of difference was linked to population increases and the ) Tj T* 0.056 Tc 0 Tw (impact) Tj 32.25 0 TD 0.0317 Tc 3.345 Tw ( of economic labour market change brought on by globalisation.) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -32.25 -13.5 TD -0.0507 Tc 0.2607 Tw (These issues were later explored in greater detail in Workshop 4.) Tj 320.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -338.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 18 -14.25 TD -0.0075 Tc 2.3008 Tw (The increasing diversity and complexity of Australia's multiracial society ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0407 Tc 3.2506 Tw (also means that no one group has a monopoly on rac) Tj 289.5 0 TD -0.0296 Tc 2.7396 Tw (ial intolerance or ) Tj -289.5 -13.5 TD -0.0347 Tc 3.6947 Tw (xenophobia. Concern was expressed in the workshop groups about the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0216 Tc 0.9384 Tw (existence of a \221hierarchy of racism\222. The workshops were unequivocal that ) Tj T* 0.055 Tc 0.905 Tw (racism be dealt with as a universal phenomenon and must be eliminated in ) Tj T* -0.0917 Tc 0.3017 Tw (all of its forms.) Tj 75.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -90.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (\247) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.042 Tc 0.252 Tw (The ) Tj 28.5 0 TD -0.0614 Tc 6.2714 Tw (legacy of colonialism and our European past.) Tj 257.25 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0065 Tc 6.2165 Tw ( The workshops) Tj 0 Tc -0.54 Tw ( ) Tj -285.75 -14.25 TD -0.0563 Tc 2.4009 Tw (considered that racism in Australia is closely linked to the values of the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0158 Tc 5.5696 Tw (dominant group in Australian society, the white European majority.) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0195 Tc 1.1548 Tw (Historical factors relating to the circumstances of wh) Tj 269.25 0 TD 0.0465 Tc 0.9135 Tw (ite settlement, helped ) Tj -269.25 -13.5 TD 0.0102 Tc 1.0652 Tw (create a fear by the white population of being overwhelmed. A perceived ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0589 Tc 3.6283 Tw (need to defend "our" culture and "our" majority encourage fear and ) Tj T* -0.0452 Tc 0.2552 Tw (prejudice, often fed by ignorance. ) Tj 174 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -177 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0266 Tc 0.2366 Tw (The workshops also saw a clear connection between the h) Tj 284.25 0 TD 0.035 Tc 0.175 Tw (istory of settlement ) Tj -284.25 -13.5 TD 0.037 Tc 3.923 Tw (in Australia and the disadvantaged situation of Indigenous peoples, as) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0026 Tc 1.5626 Tw (reflected in dispossession from land, poor standards of health, educational ) Tj T* -0.049 Tc 0.259 Tw (attainment, wealth and employment status.) Tj 208.5 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -244.5 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.1853 Tc 0.7747 Tw (Question 3 ) Tj 60.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.2328 Tc 0.9772 Tw (Is there anything we can learn f) Tj 167.25 0 TD 0.1251 Tc 1.0849 Tw (rom past experiences of racism in ) Tj -239.25 -14.25 TD 0.0474 Tc 0.9126 Tw (Australia? ) Tj 54 0 TD 0.1968 Tc -0.4556 Tw (If so, what lessons can we draw from our past as we evolve as a diverse ) Tj -54 -14.25 TD 0.1455 Tc -0.3855 Tw (society? What are the achievements we need to build on? What are the mistakes we ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0968 Tc 0.5568 Tw (need to learn from?) Tj 96.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -96.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0559 Tc 3.2659 Tw (There was recognition that there are) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 198.75 0 TD -0.0434 Tc 2.9319 Tw (both positive and negative aspects to our ) Tj -198.75 -14.25 TD 0.0174 Tc 0.308 Tw (history. We should be frank about this, particularly in acknowledging the impact of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0081 Tc 1.0096 Tw (racism on Indigenous communities, in order to move forward with a cohesive and ) Tj T* -0.0372 Tc 4.7472 Tw (inclusive national identity. Concern was expressed) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 279 0 TD -0.0403 Tc 4.7503 Tw (that to date we have on) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 35 0 obj 6315 endobj 33 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 34 0 R >> endobj 37 0 obj << /Length 38 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 48 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (6) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc (26) Tj 9 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0497 Tc 0.9472 Tw (occasions not recognized the harm inflicted on Indigenous communities in the past, ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0683 Tc 0.2783 Tw (and so not begun to heal the wounds.) Tj 182.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -182.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0169 Tc 1.9412 Tw (All groups recognized as a positive the multi) Tj 233.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0238 Tc 1.5362 Tw (racial nature of Australian society. ) Tj -237 -14.25 TD -0.0376 Tc 0.2476 Tw (Participants were supportive) Tj 138.75 0 TD -0.0267 Tc 0.3731 Tw ( of the policy of multiculturalism, but also noted that no ) Tj -138.75 -14.25 TD 0.0145 Tc 0.3955 Tw (one group has a monopoly on racial intolerance and that as a multiracial society we ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0431 Tc 0.2531 Tw (continue to struggle to overcome all manifestations of racism.) Tj 303 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -303 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0417 Tc 9.5731 Tw (There was discussion about the separation of Indi) Tj 307.5 0 TD 0.0784 Tc 9.1316 Tw (genous policy and) Tj 0 Tc 0.96 Tw ( ) Tj -307.5 -14.25 TD 0.0228 Tc 0.3539 Tw (multiculturalism. While acknowledging differences between issues for migrants and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0379 Tc 1.0829 Tw (Indigenous peoples, the view was expressed that there is a need to ensure greater ) Tj T* -0.028 Tc 3.4046 Tw (coordination of Indigenous and migrant advocacy to effectively address rac) Tj 397.5 0 TD 0.22 Tc -0.01 Tw (ism ) Tj -397.5 -13.5 TD -0.0044 Tc 0.2144 Tw (affecting both areas.) Tj 99.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -99.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0399 Tc 1.6125 Tw (Concern was expressed that government policy has to date tended to treat racial ) Tj T* 0.0053 Tc 1.7797 Tw (discrimination, and efforts to combat it, within a short term, ad) Tj 330.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0092 Tc 1.3258 Tw (hoc framework. ) Tj -334.5 -14.25 TD -0.0054 Tc 1.0726 Tw (Some groups went so far as to suggest that \221we don\222t learn from the ) Tj 352.5 0 TD 0.108 Tc 0.852 Tw (past because ) Tj -352.5 -13.5 TD 0.0499 Tc 0.9637 Tw (we fail to evaluate programs to address racism\222 and that campaigns and efforts to ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0491 Tc 1.0091 Tw (date have been under) Tj 105.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0288 Tc 0.8638 Tw (funded, lack intergovernmental and interagency coordination, ) Tj -109.5 -14.25 TD -0.0391 Tc 3.2491 Tw (developed without consultation with communities and unsophisticated. This was) Tj 0 Tc -0.54 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.078 Tc 0 Tw (c) Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.0199 Tc 0.2299 Tw (ontrasted with campaigns dealing with road safety, anti) Tj 270.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0206 Tc 0.2306 Tw (smoking and skin cancer.) Tj 125.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -405 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0118 Tc 0.1982 Tw (Participants argued that anti) Tj 137.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.014 Tc 0.3627 Tw (racism campaigns need to be given higher priority, and ) Tj -141 -14.25 TD -0.0471 Tc 0.2571 Tw (better coordinated through whole of government and inter) Tj 284.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0267 Tc 0.1833 Tw (governmental efforts.) Tj 105.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -393.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 38 0 obj 3608 endobj 36 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 37 0 R >> endobj 41 0 obj << /Length 42 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 48 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (7) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc (26) Tj 9 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F2 12 Tf 0.102 Tc 4.608 Tw (Theme 2:) Tj 53.25 0 TD 0.0786 Tc 4.6314 Tw ( Victims of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -53.25 -14.25 TD 0.0207 Tc 0 Tw (intolerance) Tj 54.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -54.75 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.102 Tc 0.108 Tw (Question 4) Tj 54.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.1535 Tc 0.2296 Tw ( Who are the victims of racism in Australia? How does racism affect ) Tj -63.75 -14.25 TD -0.0151 Tc 0.2251 Tw (individuals, communities and Australian society in general?) Tj 294 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -294 -14.25 TD /F2 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0244 Tc 0.9844 Tw (The workshop groups expressed reserv) Tj 195 0 TD -0 Tc 1.0438 Tw (ations about the use of the term \221victim\222 on ) Tj -195 -13.5 TD -0.0386 Tc 0.9409 Tw (the basis that it is disempowering, and represents people who experience racism as ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0287 Tc 1.6023 Tw (passive. This does not acknowledge the significant resistance and struggle against ) Tj T* -0.0821 Tc 0.1671 Tw (racism by those who suffer it. ) Tj 150 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -150 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0012 Tc 0.5838 Tw (Concern was ) Tj 70.5 0 TD -0.0235 Tc 1.7335 Tw (expressed that to view Australian society in terms of the privileged ) Tj -70.5 -13.5 TD 0.0085 Tc 1.7015 Tw (\221us\222 versus disempowered \221them\222 would perpetuate a racialised and non) Tj 367.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.0187 Tc 0.9413 Tw (inclusive ) Tj -372 -14.25 TD 0.0499 Tc 0.1601 Tw (model of Australian identity, which had been identified as one of the root causes of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0576 Tc 0.2676 Tw (exclusion and xenophob) Tj 117.75 0 TD -0.0853 Tc 0.0453 Tw (ia in Australia. ) Tj 76.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -194.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0398 Tc 1.0534 Tw (Delegates urged people not to see social injustices and racism as being inflicted on ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0051 Tc 2.4549 Tw (others but instead to see them as being inflicted against \221ourselves\222 ) Tj 360.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0831 Tc 2.5431 Tw ( to see it ) Tj -364.5 -14.25 TD -0.0519 Tc 2.5119 Tw (otherwise risks implicitly affirming models of exclusion. At a fundame) Tj 367.5 0 TD 0.0747 Tc 1.2603 Tw (ntal level ) Tj -367.5 -14.25 TD -0.0017 Tc 1.0193 Tw (racism makes victims of everyone, diminishing quality of life and taking away the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0417 Tc 0.2517 Tw (humanity of both subject and perpetrator.) Tj 203.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -203.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0419 Tc 2.2519 Tw (The workshop groups were also concerned that identifying a particular racial or ) Tj T* -0.0577 Tc 1.7677 Tw (ethnic group as being \221victims\222 can ster) Tj 201.75 0 TD -0.0202 Tc 1.6231 Tw (eotype people from that background. It is ) Tj -201.75 -14.25 TD -0.0018 Tc 3.28 Tw (necessary to recognise the very different experiences of racism that people of) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0591 Tc 0.2691 Tw (particular groups face.) Tj 110.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -110.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0608 Tc 1.0208 Tw (While considering that a focus on victims is problematic, the groups identified as a ) Tj T* -0.0355 Tc 1.2455 Tw (tension with this concern) Tj 125.25 0 TD 0.0091 Tc 1.2009 Tw ( the importance of explicitly identifying those who suffer ) Tj -125.25 -14.25 TD 0.0441 Tc 1.7236 Tw (racism in order to ensure that their experiences and struggle are recognised and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0216 Tc 0.2316 Tw (made visible, and are not permitted to continue unacknowledged.) Tj 320.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -320.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0188 Tc 2.4788 Tw (Bearing these concerns in mind, the workshop groups) Tj 280.5 0 TD -0.0047 Tc 2.0897 Tw ( identified Aborigines and ) Tj -280.5 -14.25 TD -0.008 Tc 1.793 Tw (Torres Strait Islanders, refugees and asylum seekers, migrants $particularly those ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0058 Tc 0.3196 Tw (who are seen as 'visibly different', such as Muslims, Turkish and Lebanese people$ ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0407 Tc 0.2507 Tw (and people of Jewish background as the main victims of racism i) Tj 317.25 0 TD -0.0404 Tc -0.1246 Tw (n Australia. ) Tj 61.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -378.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0289 Tc 0.2966 Tw (The workshop groups also recognised that where racism impacts on an individual, it ) Tj T* -0.0443 Tc 0.3079 Tw (has a follow on impact upon the family of the affected person and their community.) Tj 411 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -411 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0196 Tc 1.0086 Tw (The groups also acknowledged that throughout our history there have been p) Tj 388.5 0 TD 0.2016 Tc 0.7584 Tw (eople ) Tj -388.5 -14.25 TD -0.0712 Tc 1.0781 Tw (who have resisted racism and spoken out about it, and who have also suffered as a ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0549 Tc 0 Tw (result.) Tj 30.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -30.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0458 Tc 0.9142 Tw (The groups stressed the importance of acknowledging the distinct experiences and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0159 Tc 0.9441 Tw (forms of racism suffered by migrants and Indigenous peoples. Policy responses ) Tj 405.75 0 TD 0.207 Tc 0.753 Tw (to ) Tj -405.75 -14.25 TD -0.0615 Tc 1.0215 Tw (these must not be generic. It is important that the very different experiences not be ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0089 Tc 3.6962 Tw (ignored or masked, and that government policies are specifically designed to ) Tj T* -0.074 Tc 0.3673 Tw (address the needs of each group in a strategic manner.) Tj 266.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 42 0 obj 6087 endobj 39 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 40 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 41 0 R >> endobj 44 0 obj << /Length 45 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 48 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (8) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc (26) Tj 9 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F2 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.352 Tc 2.858 Tw (Question 5) Tj 57 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 6.75 0 TD 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD 0.0757 Tc 3.1343 Tw ( Are there additional) Tj 0 Tc -0.54 Tw ( ) Tj 120 0 TD 0.0293 Tc 3.395 Tw (issues for victims of racism who are also) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -189.75 -14.25 TD 0.1026 Tc 0.3801 Tw (disadvantaged because they are women, youth, gay or lesbian, disabled, members ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.1717 Tc 1.0383 Tw (of a religious minority or on some other basis? ) Tj 252 0 TD 0.1798 Tc 0.7802 Tw (Do they experience racism as a ) Tj -252 -14.25 TD 0.0553 Tc 2.4881 Tw (separate issue or does it compound with and change their) Tj 307.5 0 TD 0.0536 Tc 1.8439 Tw ( experience of being ) Tj -307.5 -14.25 TD 0.0193 Tc 0 Tw (disadvantaged?) Tj 75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -75 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0483 Tc 1.6958 Tw (There was recognition that racism manifests differently for some people based on ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0511 Tc 0.2611 Tw (some other characteristic that they possess.) Tj 210.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -210.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0448 Tc 2.3002 Tw (In discussions about identity and victims of racial discrimination, the workshops ) Tj T* -0.0233 Tc 0.6083 Tw (agreed on ) Tj 53.25 0 TD 0.0073 Tc 1.0208 Tw (the importance of the intersectionality of areas of disadvantage, such as ) Tj -53.25 -13.5 TD 0.0429 Tc 0.2112 Tw (race and gender or disability. It is rare for the discrimination to be based solely on ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0183 Tc 0.4591 Tw (one ground and for the victim these different layers of discrimination compound the ) Tj T* -0.0678 Tc 0 Tw (experience) Tj 51.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc -0.294 Tw (. ) Tj 7.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -59.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0296 Tc 1.6804 Tw (The workshops particularly noted the compounding of disadvantage when people ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0123 Tc 6.1978 Tw (with disabilities from a non) Tj 160.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0291 Tc 6.3684 Tw (English speaking backgrounds $NESB$ access) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -164.25 -14.25 TD -0.0425 Tc 2.298 Tw (government services; as well as the tendency for racially disadvantaged women, ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.048 Tc 0.258 Tw (particularly Asian women) Tj 126 0 TD -0.0405 Tc 0.2505 Tw (, to be sexualised.) Tj 89.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 45 0 obj 2737 endobj 43 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 40 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 44 0 R >> endobj 47 0 obj << /Length 48 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 48 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (9) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc (26) Tj 9 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 719.25 TD /F2 14.25 Tf 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.5 TD -0.0902 Tc 0.3865 Tw (Session two ) Tj 72 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 7.5 0 TD -0.1062 Tc 0.1524 Tw ( Measures of prevention, education and protection) Tj 288.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -368.25 -15 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F2 12 Tf 0.1206 Tc 1.6576 Tw (Theme 3: Measures of prevention, education and protection measures aimed at ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0152 Tc 0.2252 Tw (eradicating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance) Tj 377.25 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -377.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -15.75 TD /F2 14.25 Tf -0.0891 Tc 0 Tw (Panellists) Tj 54.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -54.75 -15 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.082 Tc 0 Tw (Mrs) Tj 20.25 0 TD -0.0484 Tc 0.2584 Tw ( Bev Baker, NSW Parents and Citizens Association) Tj 252 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -272.25 -13.5 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0566 Tc 4.8291 Tw (Mrs Baker is the President of the NSW Federation of Parents & Citizens') Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj T* -0.0637 Tc 0.2737 Tw (Associations. ) Tj 72 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -72 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0148 Tc 2.4123 Tw (Ms Baker expressed concerns at the application of market principles, under the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0878 Tc 1.7978 Tw (guise of choice, to the school system.) Tj 192 0 TD -0.0377 Tc 1.6539 Tw ( This was a barrier to effectively instituting ) Tj -192 -14.25 TD -0.1875 Tc 0 Tw (anti) Tj 17.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0477 Tc 1.6623 Tw (racism values and curricula across the whole school system. She maintained ) Tj -21 -14.25 TD -0.0015 Tc 1.649 Tw (that the \223choice\224 policy could potentially allow a proliferation of private schools ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0715 Tc 1.5552 Tw (which were based on a range of values, while ) Tj 246 0 TD 0.0567 Tc 1.4658 Tw (the government was withdrawing ) Tj -246 -13.5 TD -0.0647 Tc 2.364 Tw (from setting value standards and allowing the standards to be set by the market ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0245 Tc 0.2345 Tw (forces of supply and demand.) Tj 144.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -144.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0472 Tc 0.2572 Tw (Reg Hamilton, Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry) Tj 309 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -309 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0597 Tc 0.3531 Tw (Mr Hamilton is the Manager, Labour Relations of the ACCI) Tj 297 0 TD -0.246 Tc -0.294 Tw (. ) Tj 7.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -304.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0699 Tc 0.3376 Tw (Mr Hamilton said that opposition to racial discrimination is one of the most ) Tj T* -0.0375 Tc 0.2475 Tw (important and generally accepted 'community norms' in Australia, although ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.042 Tc 0.252 Tw (breaches of the various prohibitions on this discrimination do occur in the same way ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1003 Tc 0.3103 Tw (that other crimi) Tj 75 0 TD -0.0609 Tc 0.3245 Tw (nal and civil laws are breached. There is a positive as well as a ) Tj -75 -14.25 TD -0.0378 Tc 0.1853 Tw (negative story to tell about Australia, for example our laws and enforcement ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0421 Tc 0.2521 Tw (compare well with those in some other countries. From an employer's perspective ) Tj T* -0.0699 Tc 0.2799 Tw (the debate in ACCI has always be) Tj 165.75 0 TD -0.0171 Tc 0.2271 Tw (en between self regulation and prescriptive ) Tj -165.75 -13.5 TD -0.0331 Tc 0.1681 Tw (legislation, always within the accepted principle of opposition to racial ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0427 Tc 0.2527 Tw (discrimination. He provided examples of a number of positive joint initiatives with ) Tj T* -0.0445 Tc 0.2545 Tw (HREOC and the ACTU and federal Government aimed at edu) Tj 305.25 0 TD -0.0197 Tc 0.2297 Tw (cating employers and ) Tj -305.25 -14.25 TD -0.0583 Tc 0.2683 Tw (their agents in instituting anti) Tj 142.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0277 Tc 0.4252 Tw (discrimination practices within the workplace.) Tj 227.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -373.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0106 Tc 6.2206 Tw (Associate Lecturer Lawrence McNamara, Department of Law and Justice,) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0306 Tc 0.2406 Tw (Macquarie University ) Tj 110.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -110.25 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0228 Tc 2.6247 Tw (Mr McNamara has worked and taught in the law schools of the Un) Tj 362.25 0 TD 0.0798 Tc 1.2552 Tw (iversity of ) Tj -362.25 -13.5 TD 0.0337 Tc 1.5513 Tw (Western Sydney, the University of Sydney and at the University of Technology, ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0212 Tc 1.8466 Tw (Sydney. He has extensively researched the role of racial vilification codes in the ) Tj T* -0.0666 Tc 0.5266 Tw (Australian Football League $AFL$.) Tj 171.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -171.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0557 Tc 2.2344 Tw (Mr McNamara maintained that racist abuse on the ) Tj 267.75 0 TD -0 Tc 2.0107 Tw (sporting field was of special ) Tj -267.75 -13.5 TD -0.0147 Tc 1.6671 Tw (relevance. It not only concerned issues of participation but also spoke to broader ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0222 Tc 1.6878 Tw (attempts to combat racism and racial hatred in the wider community when sport ) Tj T* -0.0523 Tc 0.2623 Tw (becomes a forum for debate and even, at times, a model for change) Tj 331.5 0 TD -0.0535 Tc 0.2635 Tw ( and progress.) Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 48 0 obj 5822 endobj 46 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 40 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 47 0 R >> endobj 50 0 obj << /Length 51 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (10) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0105 Tc 1.0648 Tw (He noted how the Australian Football League $AFL$ has a progressive system for ) Tj T* -0.0338 Tc 0.4313 Tw (the making and resolution of complaints, at least in so far as on) Tj 315.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0127 Tc 0.3848 Tw (field racist abuse is ) Tj -319.5 -13.5 TD -0.0361 Tc 1.1836 Tw (concerned. The AFL has both a symbolic function in conveying to the commu) Tj 396 0 TD 0.207 Tc 0.753 Tw (nity ) Tj -396 -14.25 TD -0.0184 Tc 1.0938 Tw (messages that racist abuse is unacceptable, as well as using formal prohibitions on ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0567 Tc 0.2667 Tw (hate speech to combat racist abuse on a day) Tj 213.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.168 Tc (to) Tj 9.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0447 Tc 0.2547 Tw (day level.) Tj 48 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -279 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0524 Tc 0.2624 Tw (Jack Waterford, Editor, Canberra Times) Tj 198.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -198.75 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0464 Tc 0.9818 Tw (Jack Waterford has been a journalist for 28 years, having written pr) Tj 348.75 0 TD -0.024 Tc 0.984 Tw (imarily about ) Tj -348.75 -14.25 TD 0.0633 Tc 2.2092 Tw (law, politics and public administration, the three arms of government. He was ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0579 Tc 0.1742 Tw (appointed Editor of the Canberra Times in 1995. ) Tj 243 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -243 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0404 Tc 0.3303 Tw (Mr Waterford maintained that the Australian media per se was not racist. This was ) Tj T* -0.0895 Tc 2.0495 Tw (not to say that at times specifi) Tj 156 0 TD -0.0325 Tc 1.8258 Tw (c issues and incidents have been reported in racist ) Tj -156 -14.25 TD -0.0301 Tc 2.4365 Tw (manner. There was need to be careful about labelling news items as racist just ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0326 Tc 0.2351 Tw (because they may contain criticisms of individuals or groups who are Indigenous or ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0492 Tc 1.0092 Tw (of non) Tj 32.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0275 Tc 1.12 Tw (English speaking background. He ref) Tj 187.5 0 TD 0.0461 Tc 0.9139 Tw (lected on his personal experience as a ) Tj -223.5 -14.25 TD -0.0497 Tc 1.7597 Tw (journalist and that in the past there was a level of self) Tj 278.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0013 Tc 1.5238 Tw (censorship in dealing with ) Tj -282 -14.25 TD -0.0554 Tc 0.3904 Tw (certain issues regarding Indigenous communities. This self) Tj 288 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0036 Tc 0.3939 Tw (censorship may have had ) Tj -291.75 -14.25 TD -0.0191 Tc 1.7291 Tw (the negative effect of stifling open discussion t) Tj 237 0 TD -0.017 Tc 1.427 Tw (hus creating an environment where ) Tj -237 -13.5 TD 0.034 Tc 2.9885 Tw (the broader community was not aware of the complexity and diversity within ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0376 Tc 0.2476 Tw (Indigenous communities.) Tj 122.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -122.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -15.75 TD /F2 14.25 Tf 0.0611 Tc 0 Tw (Workshops) Tj 65.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -65.25 -15 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.1853 Tc 0.7747 Tw (Question 6 ) Tj 60.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.0839 Tc 1.217 Tw ( What are the most important measures that the Government and/or ) Tj -65.25 -14.25 TD 0.0523 Tc 7.3577 Tw (other sectors of society can take) Tj 0 Tc 0.96 Tw ( ) Tj 206.25 0 TD 0.077 Tc 7.033 Tw (to combat racism in Australia? Eg,) Tj 0 Tc -0.54 Tw ( ) Tj -206.25 -14.25 TD 0.0716 Tc 4.7455 Tw (programs/activities in schools, public education campaigns, employment and) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0403 Tc 0.3753 Tw (workplace strategies with the business sector, etc?) Tj 247.5 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -247.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0018 Tc 0.3236 Tw (Many delegates expressed the view that opposition to racial discrimination is one of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0351 Tc 4.6749 Tw (the most) Tj 45.75 0 TD 0.0099 Tc 4.7939 Tw ( important and generally accepted \221community norms\222 in Australia.) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -45.75 -14.25 TD -0.0069 Tc 1.6592 Tw (However, there was a need for programs to combat the manifestations of racism ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0179 Tc 1.6743 Tw (that still existed and to reinforce the widely shared values of opposition to racial ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.031 Tc 0.241 Tw (discrimination in all its f) Tj 120 0 TD 0.0096 Tc -0.5496 Tw (orms. ) Tj 32.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -152.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0505 Tc 0.2605 Tw (There was agreement that education programs are remedial and are the long) Tj 373.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.012 Tc -0.552 Tw (term ) Tj -377.25 -14.25 TD -0.046 Tc 0.256 Tw (answer to combating racism. Programmatic responses need to be developed which ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0419 Tc 0.1837 Tw (have public education components which cover people\222s rights, the aim of ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0104 Tc 0.2204 Tw (developing a comm) Tj 95.25 0 TD -0.0537 Tc 0.3262 Tw (on set of human rights values and address the issue of equality ) Tj -95.25 -14.25 TD -0.0421 Tc 0.2521 Tw (within a framework of diversity. The programs require cross party support and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0341 Tc 0.1691 Tw (need to be: developed in consultation with communities; appropriately resourced; ) Tj T* -0.0581 Tc 0.2681 Tw (multi faceted; long term; review) Tj 159 0 TD -0.0588 Tc 0.3626 Tw (ed; monitored; and effectively evaluated. It is also ) Tj -159 -14.25 TD -0.0482 Tc 0.2582 Tw (important that civil society and its agencies need to be resourced and strengthened ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0478 Tc 0.2578 Tw (so that they can be directly involved in community education campaigns.) Tj 357 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -357 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0324 Tc 0.2424 Tw (The school system was seen as the starting poi) Tj 228 0 TD -0.0317 Tc 0.2417 Tw (nt for developing and reinforcing ) Tj -228 -14.25 TD -0.1875 Tc 0 Tw (anti) Tj 17.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0543 Tc 0.4688 Tw (racist values within society. Delegates maintained that the priority for the ) Tj ET endstream endobj 51 0 obj 6605 endobj 49 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 40 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 50 0 R >> endobj 53 0 obj << /Length 54 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (11) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.043 Tc 0.253 Tw (school system was structural and institutional change. The school system is itself a ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0633 Tc 0.3671 Tw (product of specific cultural models and it was necessar) Tj 267.75 0 TD -0.0751 Tc 0.3923 Tw (y to move to a system which ) Tj -267.75 -14.25 TD -0.0381 Tc 0.2481 Tw (was informed by the diverse learning and teaching cultures which exist within ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0266 Tc -0.1384 Tw (Australia\222s communities. ) Tj 126 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -126 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0578 Tc 0.3255 Tw (In line with this approach it is necessary for schools to incorporate culturally ) Tj T* -0.0395 Tc 0.2495 Tw (relevant curriculum and assessment methods) Tj 217.5 0 TD -0.0786 Tc 0.2886 Tw ( for all student. If the school system ) Tj -217.5 -13.5 TD -0.0494 Tc 0.2594 Tw (was based on a range of cultural models and approaches then all students would ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0428 Tc 0.1951 Tw (develop a greater awareness, and acceptance, that diversity is a positive aspect of ) Tj T* -0.0487 Tc 0.2587 Tw (our society and that no cultural model has a position ) Tj 260.25 0 TD -0.054 Tc 0.264 Tw (of dominance.) Tj 69.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj -333.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.053 Tc 0.263 Tw (Specific Indigenous and ethnic schooling have an important role to play. The issues ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0456 Tc 0.2556 Tw (of cultural maintenance and reclamation are a key to ensuring that communities are ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0483 Tc 0.2583 Tw (able to interact as equals within society which is fundamental to develop) Tj 354.75 0 TD -0.1035 Tc 0.3135 Tw (ing a ) Tj -354.75 -14.25 TD -0.0344 Tc 0.4319 Tw (society that protects against racism.) Tj 174.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -174.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0286 Tc 0.2386 Tw (With specific reference to developing school curriculum delegates agreed that we ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0491 Tc 0.2591 Tw (have to constantly ask: \223Whose viewpoint is being promoted in the education ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0802 Tc -0.4597 Tw (system?\224 ) Tj 48 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0555 Tc 0.2655 Tw (It is necessary to include histories of Indi) Tj 201.75 0 TD -0.012 Tc 0.222 Tw (genous and diverse ethnic ) Tj -253.5 -14.25 TD -0.0471 Tc 0.2571 Tw (communities in the education system from the perspective of these communities. ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0467 Tc 0.199 Tw (The ongoing debate about \221correct\222 perspectives of history needs to be carried out ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0373 Tc 0.2473 Tw (with respect and presentation of the varying points of view.) Tj 291.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -295.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.0525 Tc 0.1575 Tw (The w) Tj 31.5 0 TD -0.0578 Tc 0.2178 Tw (orkshops were of the view that there was also a role for the development of ) Tj -31.5 -14.25 TD 0.015 Tc 0.195 Tw (specific anti) Tj 58.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0226 Tc 0.2326 Tw (racism courses within the school curricula. However, before these ) Tj -62.25 -14.25 TD -0.0564 Tc 0.3241 Tw (could be developed it was important to have a clearer understanding of the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0723 Tc 0.2823 Tw (dynamics of racism. In th) Tj 125.25 0 TD -0.0733 Tc 0.2833 Tw (e past anti) Tj 50.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0319 Tc 0.2419 Tw (racism programs have actually been counter ) Tj -179.25 -14.25 TD -0.0609 Tc 0.3209 Tw (productive in that they were not based on a detailed understanding of the issues nor ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0582 Tc 0.2682 Tw (of the intended target group. It is important that anti) Tj 256.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0445 Tc 0.2545 Tw (racism courses within the ) Tj -260.25 -14.25 TD -0.0693 Tc 0.4293 Tw (school system are developed in con) Tj 173.25 0 TD -0.0474 Tc 0.1503 Tw (sultation with students and the broader school ) Tj -173.25 -13.5 TD -0.0918 Tc 0 Tw (community.) Tj 57.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -57.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0097 Tc 0.2197 Tw (Workplace based anti) Tj 105 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0211 Tc 0.1374 Tw (racism education programs were identified as an important ) Tj -108.75 -14.25 TD -0.0537 Tc 0.2637 Tw (element of any coordinated measures to combat racism. The workshops agreed that ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0638 Tc 0.2738 Tw (education and training are life long e) Tj 180 0 TD 0.0385 Tc 0.1715 Tw (xperiences and anti) Tj 94.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0229 Tc 0.2329 Tw (racism programs cannot be ) Tj -278.25 -13.5 TD -0.0523 Tc 0.2623 Tw (limited to the formal school system. As in other areas workplace based programs ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0359 Tc 0.2459 Tw (require a bipartisan approach and commitment from employers and employees and ) Tj T* -0.0423 Tc 0.1273 Tw (their representative organizations. In this context ) Tj 243.75 0 TD -0.0571 Tc 0.2671 Tw (it necessary to reaffirm the basic ) Tj -243.75 -14.25 TD -0.0462 Tc 0.2562 Tw (value that every individual has the right to work in a non) Tj 279.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0291 Tc 0.2391 Tw (discriminatory ) Tj -283.5 -13.5 TD -0.0449 Tc 0.2549 Tw (environment, and as is the case under occupational health and safety laws, there is a ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0182 Tc 0.2282 Tw (shared responsibility between employers and employees to achi) Tj 310.5 0 TD -0.0562 Tc 0.2662 Tw (eve this. The ) Tj -310.5 -14.25 TD -0.0448 Tc 0.2012 Tw (delegates noted that there was strong argument to be put that removing racism from ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0363 Tc 0.2463 Tw (workplaces makes good economic sense. Delegates also noted under the ) Tj 357.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.11 Tc -0.43 Tw (Racial ) Tj -357.75 -14.25 TD -0.0448 Tc 0.2548 Tw (Discrimination Act) Tj 93 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.035 Tc 0.1616 Tw ( employers have vicarious liability for acts of racial ) Tj -93 -13.5 TD -0.087 Tc 0 Tw (discrimina) Tj 51 0 TD -0.06 Tc 0.3325 Tw (tion committed by their employees and must ensure that they have taken ) Tj -51 -14.25 TD -0.0403 Tc 0.1821 Tw (all reasonable steps to prevent racial discrimination occurring in their workplaces. ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0405 Tc 0.2505 Tw (These points should be emphasised in attempts to convince employers and ) Tj T* -0.0547 Tc 0.2648 Tw (governments to provide the n) Tj 143.25 0 TD -0.0311 Tc 0.2411 Tw (ecessary resources for the implementation of effective ) Tj -143.25 -14.25 TD -0.0813 Tc 0 Tw (programs.) Tj 49.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 54 0 obj 7009 endobj 52 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 40 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 53 0 R >> endobj 56 0 obj << /Length 57 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (12) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.064 Tc 0.399 Tw (In the area of employment the workshops reconfirmed the views expressed in ) Tj T* -0.0462 Tc 0.1986 Tw (session one that structural discrimination still exist in the labour market. In fact ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0756 Tc 0.2856 Tw (access to employment is seen a) Tj 151.5 0 TD -0.0101 Tc 0.0951 Tw (s significant element in addressing racism. ) Tj 213 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -364.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0508 Tc 0.3185 Tw (To address the labour marker issues some specific programs and measures need to ) Tj T* -0.0566 Tc 0.2666 Tw (be implemented. These programs need to be specifically targeted to address ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0318 Tc 0.2418 Tw (systemic unemployment and career immobility amongst spe) Tj 292.5 0 TD -0.0271 Tc 0.2371 Tw (cific communities, such ) Tj -292.5 -14.25 TD -0.0605 Tc 0.2705 Tw (as, newly arrived groups.) Tj 125.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -125.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -3.75 -14.25 TD -0.0599 Tc 0.2699 Tw (Some areas where specific measures could be developed, include: ) Tj 326.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -326.25 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0452 Tc 0.187 Tw (Improving, and reducing the time lags for, the recognition of overseas ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0309 Tc 0.2409 Tw (qualifications and experience) Tj 141.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -159.75 -15 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0575 Tc 0.4175 Tw (Providing workplace based training to ) Tj 190.5 0 TD -0.0569 Tc 0.1419 Tw (assist in the adaptation of overseas ) Tj -190.5 -14.25 TD -0.0398 Tc 0.1248 Tw (experience and qualifications to local conditions ) Tj 238.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -256.5 -15 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0132 Tc 0.2232 Tw (Mentoring programs with local professionals) Tj 219.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -237.75 -15 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0477 Tc 0.2577 Tw (Increased access to English language training) Tj 221.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -239.25 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0527 Tc 0.346 Tw (Targeted employment initiatives for groups with higher than average ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0336 Tc 0 Tw (unemployme) Tj 62.25 0 TD 0.0789 Tc 0.1311 Tw (nt rates) Tj 36 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -116.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0421 Tc 0.2521 Tw (In addition to direct employment related programs, measures are required to ) Tj T* -0.0322 Tc 0.2422 Tw (breakdown structural barriers and practices which exclude certain groups and ) Tj T* -0.0438 Tc 0.2538 Tw (individuals from decision making positions. ) Tj 221.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -221.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0617 Tc 0.2717 Tw (It was agreed that most of Australia\222s private) Tj 220.5 0 TD -0.0148 Tc 0.2248 Tw ( and public institutions at the decision ) Tj -220.5 -14.25 TD -0.0667 Tc 0.2767 Tw (making levels are still in the main mono) Tj 196.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0216 Tc 0.0816 Tw (cultural. Some of the workshops ) Tj -201 -14.25 TD -0.0596 Tc 0.2696 Tw (maintained that if diversity is not reflected at these levels of society it is the result ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0342 Tc 0.2442 Tw (of systemic barriers which must be removed. A range ) Tj 268.5 0 TD -0.0574 Tc 0.0799 Tw (of measures were proposed, ) Tj -268.5 -13.5 TD 0.0168 Tc 0 Tw (including:) Tj 48.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -48.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.047 Tc 0.1888 Tw (Economic or affirmative action programs aimed at increasing the number of ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0485 Tc 0.2585 Tw (Indigenous peoples and people from a broader range of cultural and linguistic ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0514 Tc 0.3551 Tw (backgrounds in senior management and decision making positions. T) Tj 338.25 0 TD -0.0287 Tc 0.2387 Tw (his should ) Tj -338.25 -14.25 TD -0.0441 Tc 0.2541 Tw (cover the private and public sector with a particular focus on the justice and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0714 Tc 0.3886 Tw (health systems. $The case of the Labour Party setting itself a 35% target for ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0535 Tc 0.3212 Tw (women candidates in winnable seats of parliament was cited as an example$. ) Tj 382.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -400.5 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0996 Tc 0.3096 Tw (Ethics cour) Tj 54.75 0 TD -0.0322 Tc 0.336 Tw (ses for senior executives which include accountability for ) Tj -54.75 -13.5 TD -0.0165 Tc 0.2265 Tw (performance re race relations and programs) Tj 214.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -232.5 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0441 Tc 0.2541 Tw (Skills training for directors so that they can identify and address issues relating ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0669 Tc 0.2769 Tw (to structural barriers) Tj 99.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -117.75 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0346 Tc 0.2446 Tw (Providing entrepreneurial and public confidence) Tj 235.5 0 TD -0.0224 Tc 0.1074 Tw ( skills training for people from ) Tj -235.5 -13.5 TD -0.0755 Tc -0.0895 Tw (target communities ) Tj 96 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -114 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0548 Tc 0.2648 Tw (Providing mentoring programs with senior executives for people from the target ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0458 Tc -0.4942 Tw (communities ) Tj 65.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -83.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0407 Tc 0.2507 Tw (Public education campaigns were seen as key measures in combating racism within ) Tj T* -0.0434 Tc 0.2534 Tw (society. However, once again a) Tj 154.5 0 TD -0.071 Tc 0.281 Tw ( series of issues were raised based on past ) Tj -154.5 -14.25 TD 0.034 Tc 0 Tw (experiences:) Tj 60.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 57 0 obj 6828 endobj 55 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 40 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 56 0 R >> endobj 62 0 obj << /Length 63 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (13) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 18 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0444 Tc 0.1794 Tw (The campaigns should focus on defining and promoting shared \223values\224 ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.09 Tc 0.3 Tw (inherent in the anti) Tj 92.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0272 Tc 0.2372 Tw (racism message) Tj 76.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -190.5 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0772 Tc 0.3554 Tw (It is necessary to take the party politics out of the anti) Tj 263.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0161 Tc 0.2261 Tw (racism strategies and ) Tj -267 -13.5 TD -0.0404 Tc 0.2504 Tw (develop prog) Tj 63.75 0 TD -0.0646 Tc 0.2746 Tw (rams, which are endorsed and agreed to by the major political ) Tj -63.75 -14.25 TD -0.0446 Tc 0.2546 Tw (forces. This collaborative approach has worked in regard to campaigns such ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0385 Tc 0.2485 Tw (as anti smoking, anti littering, compulsory seatbelts, and so on. These ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0717 Tc 0.2817 Tw (campaigns have been able to forge a sense of sh) Tj 234.75 0 TD -0.0211 Tc 0.2311 Tw (ared values and acceptable ) Tj -234.75 -14.25 TD -0.0446 Tc 0.2546 Tw (norms of conduct by the majority of society and this what we should be ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0907 Tc 0.4882 Tw (aiming to achieve through anti) Tj 148.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.012 Tc 0.222 Tw (racism programs.) Tj 87 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -257.25 -15 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0559 Tc 0.2659 Tw (The campaigns also need to address both the explicit and subtle ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0407 Tc 0 Tw (manifestations of racism. ) Tj 126.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -144.75 -15 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.048 Tc 0 Tw (T) Tj 7.5 0 TD -0.0909 Tc 0.3009 Tw (here is a need to ) Tj 84 0 TD -0.0451 Tc 0.1717 Tw (change the language and not use descriptors such as ) Tj -91.5 -13.5 TD -0.0483 Tc 0.2583 Tw (\221minorities\222 or \221victims\222. It is necessary to promote cultural and language ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0451 Tc 0.2551 Tw (sensitivity in policy and program formulation and this should be achieved ) Tj T* -0.0635 Tc 0.3985 Tw (through broad consultation with the specific groups.) Tj 255 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -291 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0459 Tc 0.1982 Tw (The arts and cultural sector were identified as a specific sector where measures ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0452 Tc 0.2552 Tw (needed to be undertaken. They have a key role in expressing, reflecting and ) Tj T* -0.051 Tc 0.261 Tw (defining images of a national identity or identities. Therefore it is crucial that ) Tj T* -0.046 Tc 0.256 Tw (measures are i) Tj 69.75 0 TD -0.05 Tc 0.26 Tw (ntroduced with the arts and cultural sector to ensure that all aspects of ) Tj -69.75 -13.5 TD -0.0471 Tc 0.3252 Tw (the sector from administration to creation reflect the cultural diversity of Australia.) Tj 408 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -408 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0339 Tc 0.9939 Tw (Underlying all the above proposals was an agreement that all the measures need to ) Tj T* -0.1182 Tc 3.3282 Tw (be carefull) Tj 54 0 TD -0 Tc 2.8773 Tw (y articulated and presented. No program, whether formal education, ) Tj -54 -14.25 TD -0.0612 Tc 1.0212 Tw (health or labour market, will prevent racism if it is imposed and authoritarian. The ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0073 Tc 1.068 Tw (language of any process must engage not impose and be appealing not threatening ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0163 Tc 2.4763 Tw (and concentrate on mutua) Tj 132.75 0 TD -0.0106 Tc 2.4706 Tw (l benefit. We should not deny difference, but identify ) Tj -132.75 -14.25 TD 0.014 Tc 0 Tw (commonality.) Tj 66.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -66.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.102 Tc 1.608 Tw (Question 7 ) Tj 62.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6.75 0 TD 0.0789 Tc 2.1765 Tw ( Can you give some examples of effective programs to challenge ) Tj -69 -14.25 TD -0.0215 Tc 0.294 Tw (racism $eg, in the media, education, law, business, arts, sport or other areas$?) Tj 386.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -386.25 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0653 Tc 0.4628 Tw (The delegates identified a ra) Tj 138.75 0 TD -0.0406 Tc 0.2506 Tw (nge of existing and past programs which had varying ) Tj -138.75 -13.5 TD -0.047 Tc 0.257 Tw (levels of effectiveness. It is important that past experiences serve us to develop ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0517 Tc 0.3242 Tw (improved programs in the future. The delegates also raised examples of effective ) Tj T* -0.0736 Tc 0.4086 Tw (campaigns and measures which dealt with ) Tj 208.5 0 TD -0.08 Tc 0.4567 Tw (other social issues in so far as these could ) Tj -208.5 -14.25 TD -0.0259 Tc 0.2359 Tw (serve as useful models for future anti) Tj 182.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.012 Tc 0.222 Tw (racism programs.) Tj 86.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -272.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0493 Tc 0.2593 Tw (In the area of public education campaigns a number of examples were canvassed:) Tj 399 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -399 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 18 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.046 Tc 0.256 Tw (The \223Fair Wear\224 campaigns aimed at highlighting the exploitative ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.046 Tc 0 Tw (employmen) Tj 56.25 0 TD -0.05 Tc 0.335 Tw (t practices in the footwear and clothing sector. The campaign ) Tj -56.25 -14.25 TD -0.0445 Tc 0.2545 Tw (aimed at bringing consumer and employee pressure to bear on companies to ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0392 Tc 0.2492 Tw (alter their practices. The \223Fair Wear\224 approach was considered an ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0713 Tc 0.3751 Tw (interesting model because it combined a mix of differe) Tj 267 0 TD -0.029 Tc 0.239 Tw (nt strategies. It had ) Tj -267 -14.25 TD -0.0443 Tc 0.348 Tw (public education elements, consumer awareness strategies to pressure ) Tj ET endstream endobj 63 0 obj 6655 endobj 60 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 61 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 62 0 R >> endobj 65 0 obj << /Length 66 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (14) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -368.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0436 Tc 0.3286 Tw (manufactuers, was developed in consultation with the outworkers $who are ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1246 Tc 0.7096 Tw (mainly form non) Tj 81.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0186 Tc 0.2286 Tw (English speaking backgrounds$ and focussed on building ) Tj -85.5 -14.25 TD -0.0114 Tc 0.2214 Tw (support for acceptabl) Tj 102.75 0 TD -0.0628 Tc 0.3666 Tw (e community standards in terms of payment and ) Tj -102.75 -13.5 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw (employment conditions.) Tj 117 0 TD ( ) Tj -135 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0579 Tc 0.3304 Tw (The \223Racism Sux\224 campaign was considered effective because it had a clear ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0484 Tc 0.2584 Tw (target audience ) Tj 77.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD -0.0439 Tc 0.1789 Tw ( youth. The message was clear that racial motivated acts ) Tj -83.25 -14.25 TD -0.0517 Tc 0.2617 Tw (and abuse were not \223cool\224 $acceptable$.) Tj 196.5 0 TD -0.0287 Tc 0.2387 Tw ( It involved young people in ) Tj -196.5 -14.25 TD -0.0424 Tc 0.1842 Tw (developing and delivering the program and also used effective role models ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.047 Tc 0.257 Tw (such as sportspeople and performers. However, it suffered from being a ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0765 Tc 0 Tw (\223one) Tj 23.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0286 Tc -0.1364 Tw (off\224 campaign. ) Tj 78 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -123 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0586 Tc 0.2686 Tw (The \223Living in Harmony\224 campaign was less clear in its messag) Tj 317.25 0 TD -0.0936 Tc 0.0536 Tw (e and target ) Tj -317.25 -13.5 TD -0.0425 Tc 0.2525 Tw (audience. It suffered from not being developed in direct consultation with ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0625 Tc 0 Tw (communities.) Tj 65.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -101.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0393 Tc 0.1868 Tw (In discussing public education campaigns the groups came up with suggestions of ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0574 Tc 0.3424 Tw (possible future programs. One proposal was the development of regular init) Tj 372 0 TD -0.0831 Tc -0.4569 Tw (iatives ) Tj -372 -14.25 TD -0.0581 Tc 0.2681 Tw (which profile individuals that uncover and fight racism and those that report on it ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1133 Tc 0.3233 Tw (i.e. anti) Tj 37.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0105 Tc 0.0955 Tw (racism media award, community awards, etc. ) Tj 228.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -270 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.058 Tc 0.268 Tw (In the area of sport a number of delegates mentioned the AFL $Australian Football ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0528 Tc 0.2628 Tw (League$ Traineeships and su) Tj 139.5 0 TD -0.0222 Tc -0.1428 Tw (pport systems. ) Tj 75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -214.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0376 Tc 0.2476 Tw (A number of delegates mentioned health programs attached to schools that provide ) Tj T* -0.0403 Tc 0.2503 Tw (practical health advice, access to medical services and food. These were considered ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0465 Tc 0.2565 Tw (to be of importance, even though with varied success, in addressing the po) Tj 366.75 0 TD -0.0037 Tc 0.2138 Tw (or health ) Tj -366.75 -14.25 TD -0.0464 Tc 0.2564 Tw (standards among our Indigenous communities which were the result of past and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.06 Tc 0.27 Tw (current racism.) Tj 74.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -74.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0394 Tc 0.9994 Tw (In the tertiary education sector it was recognised that there has been an increase in ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0144 Tc 2.5426 Tw (the number of specific courses for Indigenous people as well as an) Tj 353.25 0 TD 0.0396 Tc 2.1704 Tw ( increase in ) Tj -353.25 -14.25 TD 0.0375 Tc 0.985 Tw (designated positions for Indigenous students. These have had a positive impact on ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0147 Tc 3.4293 Tw (improving access to professional training, which in the past had been denied.) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0242 Tc 0.1858 Tw (However, the specific programs of tertiary institutions for Indigenous students hav) Tj 409.5 0 TD 0.672 Tc 0.288 Tw (e ) Tj -409.5 -13.5 TD -0.0341 Tc 0.5326 Tw (concentrated on the welfare courses/issues and these need to be expanded to include ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0329 Tc 0.0929 Tw (business, entrepreneurial and professional courses. ) Tj 252.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -252.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.028 Tc 0.988 Tw (The groups noted that university courses on racism and cultural diversity generally ) Tj T* -0.066 Tc 0.276 Tw (are insufficient and are not off) Tj 148.5 0 TD -0.0314 Tc 0.3778 Tw (ered in all universities. These type of courses need to ) Tj -148.5 -13.5 TD -0.0309 Tc 2.3659 Tw (be expanded and incorporated into the curricula along the model of compulsory ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0237 Tc 1.6712 Tw (awareness programs in NSW for professionals such as lawyers and mental health ) Tj T* -0.0075 Tc 0 Tw (workers.) Tj 43.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -43.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0375 Tc 0.2475 Tw (Delegates discussed a range of co) Tj 165 0 TD -0.0384 Tc 0.2484 Tw (mmunity programs and activities, which are ) Tj -165 -14.25 TD -0.0407 Tc 0.2507 Tw (conducted by non) Tj 86.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0251 Tc 0.2351 Tw (government organisations. These programs were seen as effective ) Tj -90 -14.25 TD -0.0435 Tc 0.2 Tw (because they were targeted and often involved a very high level of personal contact ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.025 Tc 0.235 Tw (and commitment. Some the programs that were ment) Tj 260.25 0 TD -0.0527 Tc 0.2627 Tw (ioned included:) Tj 75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -335.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 66 0 obj 6196 endobj 64 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 61 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 65 0 R >> endobj 68 0 obj << /Length 69 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (15) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -386.25 719.25 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0434 Tc 0.1909 Tw (The WA Deaths in Custody Watch Committee which operated a range of ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0563 Tc 0.2663 Tw (programs aimed at: the family and friends of victims; those at risk; and, ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0314 Tc 0.2414 Tw (rasing awareness amongst the general community. ) Tj 254.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -272.25 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0179 Tc 0.2279 Tw (Good Neighbour programs which aimed at encouragi) Tj 261 0 TD -0.0531 Tc 0.2631 Tw (ng contact and dialogue ) Tj -261 -13.5 TD -0.0474 Tc 0.2574 Tw (between members of different communities with a support focus.) Tj 318.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -336.75 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0413 Tc 0.0013 Tw (Anne Frank program. ) Tj 111 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -129 -15 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0472 Tc 0.2573 Tw (Uniting Church Covenanting program.) Tj 189.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -225.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0445 Tc 0.2545 Tw (The workshops also discussed other forms of programs and initiatives in relation to ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0473 Tc 0.2573 Tw (the ensuring government age) Tj 141 0 TD -0.0345 Tc 0.2445 Tw (ncies and private companies are more responsible in ) Tj -141 -14.25 TD -0.0662 Tc 0.0888 Tw (terms of addressing racism. ) Tj 138.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -138.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0509 Tc 0.2609 Tw (There was a common view that industry codes of conduct can be developed, and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0538 Tc 0.3263 Tw (certificates of accreditation can be issued to give complying companies a marketing ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0949 Tc 0.3049 Tw (edge. Commun) Tj 78 0 TD -0.0457 Tc 0.3307 Tw (ities and individuals can participate with their custom and patronage ) Tj -78 -14.25 TD -0.0481 Tc 0.2581 Tw (of such companies. These would need to be developed in a collaborative fashion ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0289 Tc 0.2389 Tw (between the relevant industry bodies and agencies such as HREOC.) Tj 333 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -333 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0583 Tc 0.2683 Tw (The example of industry self) Tj 140.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0384 Tc 0.1716 Tw (regulation ) Tj 53.25 0 TD -0.047 Tc 0.257 Tw (bodies such as Press Councils and the ) Tj -197.25 -14.25 TD -0.0336 Tc 0.2436 Tw (Australian Standards Association were discussed as positive models where industry ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0528 Tc 0.3205 Tw (takes the initiative on addressing issues. However, they were also seen as limited ) Tj T* -0.0523 Tc 0.2623 Tw (and there was the need consider introducing legislati) Tj 256.5 0 TD -0.0454 Tc 0.4054 Tw (ve measures to strengthen the ) Tj -256.5 -13.5 TD -0.0553 Tc 0.3189 Tw (capacity to enforce decisions. 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These programs would have ) Tj -62.25 -14.25 TD -0.052 Tc 0.262 Tw (to go beyond cross) Tj 92.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0375 Tc 0.2475 Tw (cultural training courses for st) Tj 147.75 0 TD -0.0245 Tc 0.2345 Tw (aff members and would have to ) Tj -243.75 -14.25 TD -0.0249 Tc 0.2349 Tw (include the development of stronger and enforceable anti) Tj 278.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0354 Tc 0.1746 Tw (racist codes of conduct.) Tj 117 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -399 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0472 Tc 0.3197 Tw (The delegates took the opportunity to make some observations about how to ) Tj T* -0.0425 Tc 0.2525 Tw (improve future programs, these included:) Tj 203.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -203.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 18 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0704 Tc 0.2804 Tw (Programs should be locally ) Tj 136.5 0 TD -0.0218 Tc 0.2318 Tw (developed in consultation with the local people ) Tj -136.5 -13.5 TD -0.0344 Tc 0.2444 Tw (effected to encourage an appropriate response to local concerns and generate ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0848 Tc -0.0802 Tw (local ownership. ) Tj 84 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -102 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0461 Tc 0.2561 Tw (That programs, be they either public education campaigns or specific ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0165 Tc 0.3765 Tw (training courses, require clear objectives i) Tj 206.25 0 TD -0.0818 Tc 0.198 Tw (n terms of if they are aimed at ) Tj -206.25 -14.25 TD -0.0367 Tc 0.1717 Tw (achieving attitudinal or behavioural change. This was seen as important ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0564 Tc 0.2664 Tw (because it was maintained that in the past the lack of clarity has actually lead ) Tj T* -0.0211 Tc 0.2311 Tw (to programs having a detrimental effect.) Tj 197.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -197.25 -13.5 TD /F2 12 Tf ( ) Tj -36 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.064 Tc 0.274 Tw (An example of a diverse appro) Tj 150.75 0 TD -0.0285 Tc 0.1313 Tw (ach to program development and management was ) Tj -150.75 -14.25 TD -0.0346 Tc 0.2446 Tw (raised in regard to assessing fundamental social indicators such as life expectancy ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0526 Tc 0.2626 Tw (statistics. In the case of Indigenous Australians they have life expectancy rates, ) Tj T* -0.0602 Tc 0.2702 Tw (which are at the level of developing nation) Tj 208.5 0 TD -0.0293 Tc 0.1143 Tw (s while the general population enjoys ) Tj -208.5 -13.5 TD -0.05 Tc 0.3177 Tw (rates, which are amongst the highest in the developed world. Past initiatives and ) Tj ET endstream endobj 69 0 obj 7011 endobj 67 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 61 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 68 0 R >> endobj 71 0 obj << /Length 72 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (16) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0392 Tc 0.2492 Tw (programs to address this to a large extent have been unsuccessful. The New ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0472 Tc 0.2572 Tw (Zealand experience in addressing a similar situation has been) Tj 299.25 0 TD -0.0596 Tc 0.4571 Tw ( more successful and ) Tj -299.25 -14.25 TD -0.0473 Tc 0.2037 Tw (this was seen as being the result of a fundamental policy difference. New Zealand\222s ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0334 Tc 0.2434 Tw (attempt to increase life expectancy was to have Indigenous controlled education and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.07 Tc 0.28 Tw (health programs and self) Tj 120.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0347 Tc 0.4322 Tw (determination. Delegates maintained that t) Tj 207 0 TD 0.0055 Tc 0.2045 Tw (his approach ) Tj -331.5 -14.25 TD -0.0412 Tc 0.2512 Tw (should be explored for Indigenous Australians and also for diverse ethnic groups in ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0392 Tc 0.1742 Tw (Australia in addressing the negative social outcomes of institutional racism. ) Tj 373.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -373.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.0187 Tc 0.1913 Tw (Question 8 ) Tj 57 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD -0.0527 Tc 0.2627 Tw ( How can the internet be used as a more effective tool against raci) Tj 325.5 0 TD -0.194 Tc 0 Tw (sm?) Tj 19.5 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -408 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0586 Tc 0.3263 Tw (Delegates acknowledged from the outset that not everyone has access to the Internet ) Tj T* -0.0363 Tc 0.2463 Tw (and that the rate of access and utilisation varies across different communities and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0418 Tc 0.0018 Tw (sections within communities. ) Tj 145.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -145.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0511 Tc 0.2611 Tw (However, it was recognised that the internet can be ) Tj 255.75 0 TD -0.048 Tc 0.108 Tw (a powerful tool to address ) Tj -255.75 -14.25 TD -0.0425 Tc 0.2525 Tw (racism, and should be used creatively for this purpose, and for monitoring ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0081 Tc 0.2181 Tw (manifestations of racism.) Tj 123 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -123 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0182 Tc 0.2282 Tw (Examples of creative use included:) Tj 171 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -150 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.042 Tc 0.252 Tw (The ) Tj 22.5 0 TD -0.0503 Tc 0.0728 Tw (Big Brother/Little Brother project. ) Tj 172.5 0 TD /F2 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -213 -15 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0557 Tc 0.2657 Tw (The twining of school communities, such as urban sc) Tj 260.25 0 TD -0.0161 Tc 0.2261 Tw (hool students with ) Tj -260.25 -13.5 TD -0.055 Tc 0.265 Tw (remote Aboriginal school students) Tj 166.5 0 TD /F2 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -184.5 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.041 Tc 0.1829 Tw (A range of projects involving people with disabilities. The internet has ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0394 Tc 0.2494 Tw (become a major means for people with disabilities to access and disseminate ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0406 Tc 0.2506 Tw (information and conduct campaigns.) Tj 177.75 0 TD /F2 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -195.75 -15 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0728 Tc 0.2828 Tw (\223Meta tagging\224 is a) Tj 96.75 0 TD -0.0363 Tc 0.2463 Tw ( way of providing an alternative voice when people are ) Tj -96.75 -14.25 TD -0.054 Tc 0.264 Tw (searching and accessing racist sites.) Tj 174.75 0 TD /F2 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -192.75 -15 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0335 Tc 0.2435 Tw (Internet based projects which develop virtual communities where issues and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0382 Tc 0.1857 Tw (ideas can be exchanged between groups at a local, national and international ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.179 Tc 0 Tw (level.) Tj 26.25 0 TD /F2 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -65.25 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.168 Tc 0.042 Tw (On ) Tj 18.75 0 TD -0.0558 Tc 0.2658 Tw (the other hand the Internet was identified as a new and internationally based ) Tj -18.75 -14.25 TD -0.0389 Tc 0.1655 Tw (mechanism for promoting and disseminating racist activity and propaganda. ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0626 Tc 0.2726 Tw (Delegates noted that there are over 2,500 racist sites on the Internet. ) Tj 339.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -339.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0773 Tc 0.2873 Tw (It was raised that in the majo) Tj 141.75 0 TD -0.0707 Tc 0.3557 Tw (rity of cases these racist and hate sites are only ) Tj -141.75 -14.25 TD -0.0438 Tc 0.2538 Tw (accessed if they are deliberately searched for, however this did not diminish the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0424 Tc 0.2524 Tw (threat that they posed. Other delegates pointed out how racist and hate sites tag ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0693 Tc 0.4043 Tw (themselves on search engines so that they) Tj 203.25 0 TD -0.0065 Tc 0.2165 Tw ( can be captured in \223innocent\224 searches.) Tj 199.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -402.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0436 Tc 0.2536 Tw (To address the race and hate sites a number of suggestions were proposed:) Tj 366.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -366.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 18 -15 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0453 Tc 0.2553 Tw (Organisations should bar racist sites from being accessible from their ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0722 Tc 0.3447 Tw (networks, this has been done by the Black Deaths in Custody Watch ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.015 Tc 0 Tw (Co) Tj 14.25 0 TD -0.0728 Tc -0.4672 Tw (mmittee. ) Tj 46.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -78.75 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.064 Tc 0.3317 Tw (There should be official monitoring of racist and hate group sites on the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0304 Tc 0.2404 Tw (internet. Then governments and appropriate authorities should be informed ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0596 Tc 0.1625 Tw (so that appropriate action can be taken. ) Tj 195.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 72 0 obj 6733 endobj 70 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 61 0 R /Resources <> /Contents 71 0 R >> endobj 73 0 obj << /F0 6 0 R /F2 10 0 R /F3 12 0 R /F4 19 0 R /F6 23 0 R /F7 58 0 R >> endobj 75 0 obj << /Length 76 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (17) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -386.25 719.25 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0546 Tc 0.3584 Tw (Internet Service Providers need to be approached with th) Tj 279 0 TD -0.072 Tc 0.282 Tw (e aim of developing ) Tj -279 -13.5 TD -0.0336 Tc 0.2436 Tw (protocols which would have them not house racist or hate sites. If self) Tj 344.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -344.25 -14.25 TD -0.0311 Tc 0.2411 Tw (regulation is not successful then government legislation should be ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0851 Tc 0 Tw (considered.) Tj 55.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -73.5 -15 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0388 Tc 0.1806 Tw (Manufactures of Internet search filters be approached to develop filters that ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0814 Tc 0 Tw (exclude) Tj 36.75 0 TD -0.0514 Tc 0.3191 Tw ( access to racist and hate sites as they have done for pornographic ) Tj -36.75 -13.5 TD -0.0594 Tc 0.3319 Tw (sites. This is particularly important for public access internet points such as ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.05 Tc 0.2023 Tw (libraries, schools as well as for carers of children who have internet access ) Tj T* -0.0876 Tc 0.0476 Tw (from their homes. ) Tj 91.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -109.5 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0923 Tc 0.3023 Tw (There is a ) Tj 52.5 0 TD -0.0307 Tc 0.2407 Tw (need for international agreements and arrangements at the ) Tj -52.5 -13.5 TD -0.0488 Tc 0.2588 Tw (government and NGO level to deal with racist sites as they would with any ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0455 Tc 0.2555 Tw (other form of racist activity or propaganda.) Tj 213 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -249 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.1853 Tc 4.5247 Tw (Question 9) Tj 0 Tc 0.96 Tw ( ) Tj 67.5 0 TD 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6.75 0 TD 0.1344 Tc 4.6506 Tw ( How well do you think we acknowledge and celebrate the) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -74.25 -14.25 TD 0.0876 Tc 0 Tw (contributi) Tj 47.25 0 TD -0.0338 Tc 0.2438 Tw (ons of minority groups and Indigenous peoples to our society?) Tj 306.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -354 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0427 Tc 1.6456 Tw (The overall response of the delegates to this question was that Australia does not ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.055 Tc 0.265 Tw (sufficiently ) Tj 60 0 TD 0.0414 Tc 2.252 Tw (acknowledge and celebrate the contributions of minority groups and ) Tj -60 -14.25 TD -0.0547 Tc 0.2647 Tw (Indigenous peoples.) Tj 96.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -96.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0112 Tc 2.4488 Tw (The works) Tj 54.75 0 TD -0.0455 Tc 2.4519 Tw (hops identified the arts as a field that has provided a vehicle for the ) Tj -54.75 -13.5 TD -0.0319 Tc 2.2873 Tw (acknowledgement, celebration and critical debate of the role and contribution of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0187 Tc 0.2287 Tw (Indigenous peoples and minority groups to Australian society.) Tj 304.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -304.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.068 Tc 0.278 Tw (The view was expressed that there was st) Tj 202.5 0 TD -0.0581 Tc 0.2681 Tw (ill a need for the whole arts community to ) Tj -202.5 -13.5 TD -0.0549 Tc 0.2649 Tw (recognise that all our stories need to be told and presented. For example, the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0499 Tc 0.1527 Tw (success of issue raising shows such as ) Tj 189.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.06 Tc 0.27 Tw (Box the Pony) Tj 66 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.246 Tc -0.294 Tw (, ) Tj 7.5 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0518 Tc 0.2618 Tw (The Cherry Pickers) Tj 96 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0171 Tc -0.0229 Tw ( or books ) Tj -359.25 -14.25 TD -0.0615 Tc 0.2715 Tw (such ) Tj 25.5 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.034 Tc 0 Tw (Benang) Tj 36 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0718 Tc 0.2818 Tw ( by Kim Scott demonstrate the key role th) Tj 205.5 0 TD -0.0631 Tc 0.2731 Tw (e arts can play. We need to ) Tj -267 -14.25 TD -0.0622 Tc 0.2722 Tw (enter into dialogue with producers of television shows ) Tj 268.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD -0.0183 Tc -0.0217 Tw ( particularly serials ) Tj 98.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD -0.168 Tc 0.378 Tw ( to ) Tj -378.75 -14.25 TD -0.0712 Tc 0.2812 Tw (seek incorporation of anti) Tj 125.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0371 Tc 0.1638 Tw (racism issues, and a greater reflection of our cultural ) Tj -129 -13.5 TD -0.0484 Tc 0.2584 Tw (diversity, in their story lines and characters.) Tj 216.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -216.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.102 Tc 0.312 Tw (Delegates ex) Tj 61.5 0 TD -0.0089 Tc 0.2766 Tw (pressed some concern at the use of the term \223celebration\224 of ethnic and ) Tj -61.5 -14.25 TD -0.0562 Tc 1.6662 Tw (Indigenous cultures as running the risk of setting up a sense of divide and power ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0261 Tc 0.2986 Tw (where the \223mainstream\224 celebrate the \223others\224. Conversely some times the event of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0143 Tc 0.2243 Tw (a \223celebration\224 prov) Tj 101.25 0 TD -0.0072 Tc 0.4899 Tw (ides the opportunity for initial insights, links and contacts to be ) Tj -101.25 -14.25 TD -0.0585 Tc 0.2685 Tw (made which otherwise would not occur.) Tj 195.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -195.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0403 Tc 0.9197 Tw (\223Celebrations\224 are often moments of which are used to define a national identity. ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0117 Tc 1.0233 Tw (Therefore, it is essential that there are national celebrations of ) Tj 320.25 0 TD 0.0448 Tc 0.5402 Tw (Indigenous peoples ) Tj -320.25 -14.25 TD -0.0463 Tc 3.12 Tw (and people of diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds which highlight their ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.013 Tc 1.072 Tw (history, cultures and contribution to Australian society and which also explore the ) Tj T* -0.0445 Tc 1.7545 Tw (negative effects of colonialism and policies such as, White Australia, as) Tj 366.75 0 TD 0.0738 Tc 0.8862 Tw (similation ) Tj -366.75 -14.25 TD -0.0615 Tc 0.0215 Tw (and so on. ) Tj 54.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -54.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0443 Tc 0.2543 Tw (As was noted in previous workshops there was inadequate and inappropriate ) Tj T* -0.046 Tc 0.256 Tw (acknowledgement of our history and ) Tj 182.25 0 TD -0.043 Tc 0.253 Tw (particularly in relation to the connection ) Tj -182.25 -14.25 TD -0.0509 Tc 0.3359 Tw (between the contemporary experiences of Indigenous peoples and our colonial past) Tj 406.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc -0.294 Tw (. ) Tj ET endstream endobj 76 0 obj 6928 endobj 74 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 61 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 75 0 R >> endobj 78 0 obj << /Length 79 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (18) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0698 Tc 0.3334 Tw (This needs to be addressed if we wish to effectively \223celebrate\224 the contribution of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0093 Tc 0.2193 Tw (all members of society.) Tj 114.75 0 TD /F2 18 Tf 0 Tc -0.06 Tw ( ) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 79 0 obj 549 endobj 77 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 61 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 78 0 R >> endobj 82 0 obj << /Length 83 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (19) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 719.25 TD /F2 14.25 Tf -0.0879 Tc 0.0091 Tw (Session three ) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 7.5 0 TD -0.1377 Tc 0.434 Tw ( Effective remedies, recourse, redress, compensatory ) Tj -87 -16.5 TD -0.0761 Tc -0.0026 Tw (and other measures) Tj 111 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -111 -15 TD /F2 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.1206 Tc 0.0894 Tw (Theme 4: Provision of effective remedies, recourses, re) Tj 281.25 0 TD -0.0315 Tc 0.9915 Tw (dress, [compensatory]) Tj 108.75 5.25 TD /F2 6.75 Tf 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (1) Tj 4.5 -5.25 TD /F2 12 Tf -0.276 Tc 0.486 Tw ( and ) Tj -394.5 -13.5 TD -0.0207 Tc 0.2307 Tw (other measures at the national, regional and international levels) Tj 312 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -312 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -15.75 TD /F2 14.25 Tf -0.0891 Tc 0 Tw (Panellists) Tj 54.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -54.75 -15 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0074 Tc 3.9526 Tw (Dr Mick Dodson, Chair, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.048 Tc 0.258 Tw (Islander Studies) Tj 77.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -77.25 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -19.5 TD -0.0471 Tc 0.2571 Tw (Dr Dodson is the Chairperson of The Australian Institute) Tj 279.75 0 TD 0.046 Tc 0.164 Tw ( of Aboriginal) Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -349.5 -13.5 TD -0.042 Tc 0.1943 Tw (and Torres Strait Islander Studies. He was Australia's first Aboriginal and Torres ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0363 Tc 0.2463 Tw (Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner.) Tj 216 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -216 -19.5 TD -0.0463 Tc 0.2563 Tw (Dr Dodson provided a detailed overview of the outcomes of the conference held in ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0444 Tc 0.2544 Tw (February which included Indigen) Tj 162 0 TD -0.0301 Tc 0.2401 Tw (ous peoples from Australia, New Zealand, Canada ) Tj -162 -14.25 TD -0.0621 Tc 0.3221 Tw (and Hawaii in preparation for the WCAR. In particular he focussed on the need for ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0482 Tc 0.2582 Tw (significant legal measures, which acknowledge and seek redress for the effects of ) Tj T* -0.0735 Tc 0.3906 Tw (colonisation. There is also the need to deve) Tj 212.25 0 TD -0.0448 Tc 0.2548 Tw (lop specific measures that cover the legal ) Tj -212.25 -14.25 TD -0.0509 Tc 0.2609 Tw (and education areas. These need to be culturally appropriate to Indigenous peoples ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0432 Tc 0.2532 Tw (and involve them directly in controlling the development, planning and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0511 Tc 0.2611 Tw (implementation phases.) Tj 114 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -114 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -18.75 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0594 Tc 0.1194 Tw (Mr Jeremy Jones, Executive Council ) Tj 184.5 0 TD 0.0261 Tc 0.1839 Tw (of Australian Jewry) Tj 97.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -282 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0575 Tc 0.2675 Tw (Mr Jones is the National Vice) Tj 146.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0127 Tc 0.2227 Tw (President, Executive Council of Australian Jewry. ) Tj -150 -14.25 TD -0.0585 Tc 0.3262 Tw (He has been active for many years in the areas of racism and anti) Tj 321 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0557 Tc 0.0157 Tw (Semitism as well ) Tj -324.75 -14.25 TD -0.0427 Tc 0.3209 Tw (as having brought a number of cases against individuals under the Racia) Tj 354 0 TD -0.336 Tc -0.204 Tw (l ) Tj -354 -13.5 TD -0.056 Tc 0.266 Tw (Discrimination Act.) Tj 96.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -96.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.062 Tc 0.3161 Tw (Mr Jones pointed to the fact that Australia was fortunate to the extent that it had a ) Tj T* -0.0626 Tc 0.2726 Tw (strong and independent non) Tj 135 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0493 Tc 0.2593 Tw (government sector which made it possible to effect ) Tj -138.75 -13.5 TD -0.0587 Tc 0.3312 Tw (change t the social and political level. Australians have a role to c) Tj 323.25 0 TD -0.0585 Tc 0.2685 Tw (ontribute to a ) Tj -323.25 -14.25 TD -0.0347 Tc 0.1697 Tw (range of issues that transcend national boundaries and require international ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0438 Tc 0.2538 Tw (responses such as the proliferation of racist hate material on the Internet and the ) Tj T* -0.0476 Tc 0.2576 Tw (transnational cooperation of neo) Tj 156.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.003 Tc 0.082 Tw (Nazi groups and movements. Mr Jones ) Tj -160.5 -14.25 TD -0.0284 Tc 0 Tw (acknowledge) Tj 63 0 TD -0.0483 Tc 0.2006 Tw (d the importance in Australia of Racial Hatred Act 1995 both in terms ) Tj -63 -13.5 TD -0.0377 Tc 0.1727 Tw (of providing legal recourse for individuals and demonstrating the government\222s ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.055 Tc 0.265 Tw (resolve to actively tackle racism. However, the complexity and the slowness of ) Tj T* -0.0695 Tc 0.2795 Tw (progressing cases under the ) Tj 138 0 TD -0.0331 Tc 0.2431 Tw (Act were still areas of concern.) Tj 154.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -292.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0529 Tc 0.2629 Tw (Mr Chris Sidoti, Human Rights Council of Australia) Tj 258 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -258 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0419 Tc 0.2519 Tw (Mr Sidoti was 黑料情报站er from August 1995 to ) Tj T* -0.0484 Tc 0.2584 Tw (August 2000 and prior to that he worked with the Catholic Commission for Justice ) Tj 0 -18 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 112.5 0 TD 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj ET 90 102 144 0.75 re f BT 234 99.75 TD ( ) Tj -144 -9 TD /F3 6 Tf 0 Tw (1) Tj 3 -3.75 TD /F3 9.75 Tf 0.1237 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD ( ) Tj 30 0 TD 0.1584 Tc -0.2346 Tw (Note: The word compensatory is in brackets as there is no consensus among governments to ) Tj 0 -12 TD 0.0625 Tc 0 Tw (includ) Tj 25.5 0 TD 0.1327 Tc -0.1965 Tw (e it under this theme at this stage. ) Tj 141 0 TD 0 Tc 0.1237 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 83 0 obj 6253 endobj 80 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 81 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 82 0 R >> endobj 85 0 obj << /Length 86 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (20) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0729 Tc 0.2829 Tw (and Peace and the ) Tj 91.5 0 TD -0.0339 Tc 0.1605 Tw (Australian Law Reform Commission. He is presently National ) Tj -91.5 -14.25 TD -0.0228 Tc 0.2328 Tw (Spokesman for the Human Rights Council of Australia.) Tj 272.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -272.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0519 Tc 0.3196 Tw (Mr Sidoti provided a wide ranging of summary of Australia\222s legal responses to ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0508 Tc 0.2608 Tw (racism and human rights. While noting the progress that had bee) Tj 317.25 0 TD -0.0244 Tc 0.2344 Tw (n achieved there ) Tj -317.25 -14.25 TD -0.0416 Tc 0.2516 Tw (was a need to redress some of the existing shortcomings in the legal framework. A ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0762 Tc 0.3745 Tw (major issue to address is that of accessibility to legal recourse for it is one thing to ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0605 Tc 0.2705 Tw (have a strong legal framework but it will only be effective if peopl) Tj 327 0 TD -0.1014 Tc 0.3114 Tw (e are able to ) Tj -327 -14.25 TD -0.0657 Tc 0.3199 Tw (access it and use it as means of recourse. Mr Sidoti also canvassed the need for the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0499 Tc 0.2599 Tw (governments of Australia to actually enact and implement a raft of legislation, ) Tj T* -0.0446 Tc 0.2546 Tw (which ensures that we effectively comply with our commitments as a signatory ) Tj 390.75 0 TD -0.168 Tc 0.378 Tw (to ) Tj -390.75 -14.25 TD -0.0418 Tc 0.2518 Tw (international treaties and protocols.) Tj 172.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -172.5 -13.5 TD /F2 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -15.75 TD /F2 14.25 Tf 0.0611 Tc 0 Tw (Workshops) Tj 65.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -65.25 -15 TD /F2 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.1668 Tc 2.2932 Tw (Question 10 ) Tj 72.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6.75 0 TD 0.1379 Tc 4.1221 Tw ( How adequate are the laws dealing with racism and racial) Tj 0 Tc -0.54 Tw ( ) Tj -79.5 -14.25 TD -0.0171 Tc 0.2271 Tw (discrimination in Australia? Can you give examples?) Tj 260.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -260.25 -13.5 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0109 Tc 0.4876 Tw (There was a consensus amongst all the delegates that the existing laws dealing ) Tj 393.75 0 TD 0.1035 Tc 0.8565 Tw (with ) Tj -393.75 -14.25 TD -0.0286 Tc 2.3386 Tw (racism and racial discrimination were inadequate and some major improvements ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0456 Tc 0.3251 Tw (and new measures need to be introduced. This inadequacy was also reflected in the ) Tj T* -0 Tc 1.1482 Tw (implementation and access to the laws. The reasons, which informed these views, ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0687 Tc 0.2787 Tw (are canvasse) Tj 60.75 0 TD -0.0498 Tc 0.1916 Tw (d more fully in the responses to questions 11 and 12. ) Tj 264 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -324.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.0918 Tc 0.1182 Tw (Question 11) Tj 60 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.1472 Tc 0.1205 Tw ( Could these laws be improved? 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The groups maintained that there was no ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0417 Tc 0.2517 Tw (point in introducing specific discrimination laws if they could be undermined or ) Tj T* -0.0532 Tc 0.2632 Tw (contested, by existing laws or legislation.) Tj 202.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -202.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.042 Tc 0.402 Tw (There was general agreement that racis) Tj 192 0 TD -0.0386 Tc 0.2486 Tw (m and racial discrimination laws should ) Tj -192 -14.25 TD -0.0392 Tc 0.2492 Tw (pursue protection, prevention, and provisions of security for citizens, to ensure ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0597 Tc 0.3274 Tw (racial equality and respect and justice. That the minimum standard from which to ) Tj T* -0.0588 Tc 0.2688 Tw (start is that Australia complies with, and meets, its) Tj 248.25 0 TD -0.0398 Tc 0.2498 Tw ( international obligations. It was ) Tj -248.25 -13.5 TD -0.0797 Tc 0.3835 Tw (recognised that to achieve this there is a ) Tj 199.5 0 TD -0.0473 Tc 0.1636 Tw (need for a clear political will across all ) Tj -199.5 -14.25 TD -0.0508 Tc 0.2608 Tw (political forces to develop, implement and resource a comprehensive legal process ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0072 Tc 0.2172 Tw (to combat racism.) Tj 87.75 0 TD /F2 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -87.75 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0579 Tc 0.2679 Tw (The delegates canvassed a number ) Tj 171.75 0 TD -0.0304 Tc 0.2404 Tw (of legislative and legal proposals which included:) Tj 242.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -396 -15 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0635 Tc 0.336 Tw (The development of some form of rights model; this could be a ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0526 Tc 0.2626 Tw (constitutional response such as a Bill of Rights or a set of Statutory Equality ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.031 Tc 0.241 Tw (Provisions or National Charter of Rights. This would provide s) Tj 314.25 0 TD -0.0402 Tc 0 Tw (ome sense of ) Tj -314.25 -14.25 TD -0.0357 Tc 0.2457 Tw (national standards and redress. Everyone was aware of the difficulties with ) Tj ET endstream endobj 86 0 obj 6441 endobj 84 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 81 0 R /Resources <> /Contents 85 0 R >> endobj 87 0 obj << /F0 6 0 R /F2 10 0 R /F3 12 0 R /F4 19 0 R /F6 23 0 R /F7 58 0 R >> endobj 89 0 obj << /Length 90 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (21) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -368.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0367 Tc 0.2467 Tw (these various approaches such as constitutional reform processes in Australia ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0477 Tc 0.2577 Tw (and the balance between federal and state rights.) Tj 237.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -259.5 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0647 Tc 0.4247 Tw (The need, with particular reference to) Tj 186 0 TD -0.0608 Tc 0.3958 Tw ( Indigenous peoples, to pursue other ) Tj -186 -13.5 TD -0.058 Tc 0.268 Tw (cultural models for the framing of laws and associated sanctions. It is ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0401 Tc 0.1751 Tw (necessary to develop a more pluralistic approach to the framing, ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0409 Tc 0.2509 Tw (administration and delivering of our laws. In fact we need to review our ) Tj T* -0.1466 Tc 0.3566 Tw (legal fr) Tj 34.5 0 TD -0.0382 Tc 0.1801 Tw (amework to eliminate the inherent systemic racism within it. This ) Tj -34.5 -14.25 TD -0.0415 Tc 0.2515 Tw (inherent racism has been identified by the Royal Commission into ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0683 Tc 0.3465 Tw (Aboriginal Deaths in Custody, the reports of the Aboriginal and Torres ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0346 Tc 0.2446 Tw (Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner and the U) Tj 264 0 TD -0.0406 Tc 0.2506 Tw (N Committees, which ) Tj -264 -14.25 TD -0.0318 Tc 0.2418 Tw (have examined mandatory sentencing legislation in the Northern Territory ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0606 Tc 0.2706 Tw (and Western Australia.) Tj 112.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -130.5 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0308 Tc 0.2408 Tw (The HREOC Legislation should be amended to allow HREOC to undertake ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.207 Tc 0 Tw (self) Tj 16.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0375 Tc -0.1275 Tw (initiated complaints. ) Tj 102.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -141.75 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0505 Tc 0.2605 Tw (Racial discrimination need to be amended and) Tj 225 0 TD -0.0497 Tc 0.2597 Tw ( new ones developed to ) Tj -225 -13.5 TD -0.078 Tc 0.288 Tw (address issues of inter) Tj 108 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0259 Tc 0.1422 Tw (sectionality of factors such as gender, religion, age, ) Tj -111.75 -13.5 TD -0.1845 Tc 0 Tw (etc.) Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -35.25 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0462 Tc 0.2562 Tw (The forms of punishment for racism and racial discrimination need to be ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0304 Tc 0.1654 Tw (reviewed. The options for disincentives could include, increased financial ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.078 Tc 0 Tw (a) Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.0263 Tc 0.1426 Tw (wards by courts/tribunals, deregistration of companies, making directors ) Tj -5.25 -14.25 TD -0.0585 Tc 0.5185 Tw (individual responsibility include anti) Tj 177.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0065 Tc 0.2165 Tw (discrimination compliance, compulsory ) Tj -181.5 -14.25 TD -0.0267 Tc 0.1429 Tw (conferencing, community service for individuals, etc. Criminal sanctions ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0253 Tc 0.2353 Tw (should be extended to cover racis) Tj 163.5 0 TD -0.0386 Tc 0.2486 Tw (m and race discrimination.) Tj 131.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -312.75 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0479 Tc 0.2002 Tw (Reparations avenues should be open to people who have been the subjects of ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0453 Tc 0.2553 Tw (acts of racism. These avenues could based on the \223victims of crime\224 style ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0145 Tc 0.2245 Tw (compensation system introduced under legislation in various jurisdictions.) Tj 363 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -381 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.174 Tc 0 Tw (Austr) Tj 27 0 TD -0.0424 Tc 0.1774 Tw (alia should enact Genocide Laws in accordance with International best ) Tj -27 -13.5 TD -0.0556 Tc 0.0781 Tw (practice in human rights. ) Tj 126 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -144 -15.75 TD /F7 12 Tf -0.27 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0375 Tc 0.1793 Tw (Australia should contribute positively to the finalisation of the Draft ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0275 Tc 0.2375 Tw (Declaration on Indigenous Rights and implement ISESCR into domestic law.) Tj 377.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -395.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj -18 -13.5 TD 0.0082 Tc 0.9518 Tw (The workshop) Tj 71.25 0 TD -0.049 Tc 1.009 Tw (s also focused on the need for improving monitoring and compliance ) Tj -71.25 -14.25 TD -0.063 Tc 3.4605 Tw (mechanisms. It was proposed that) Tj 0 Tc -0.54 Tw ( ) Tj 184.5 0 TD -0.0125 Tc 2.9413 Tw (a specific body on race relations should be ) Tj -184.5 -14.25 TD -0.0192 Tc 7.073 Tw (established to review new/proposed legislation to ensure compliance with) Tj 0 Tc 0.96 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0571 Tc 0.2671 Tw (international agreements prior to their) Tj 186 0 TD -0.0081 Tc -0.1569 Tw ( introduction/enactment. ) Tj 123.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -309.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0064 Tc 3.1628 Tw (At the same time general concerns were raised in regard to the viability and ) Tj T* -0.0247 Tc 1.6097 Tw (independence from government of human rights bodies such as HREOC and also ) Tj T* 0.0356 Tc 0.9244 Tw (peak activist NGOs which are often dependent on government funding or support) Tj 411 0 TD 0.504 Tc -0.294 Tw (. ) Tj -411 -14.25 TD -0.0111 Tc 1.7211 Tw (The independence of National Human Rights Institutions has to be guaranteed so ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0598 Tc 0.2698 Tw (that it can operate without fear or favour of the government of the day.) Tj 348.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -348.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.038 Tc 0.1903 Tw (Accessibility was another focal point of the workshops. The agreed view was that ) Tj T* -0.072 Tc 0.282 Tw (no matter how compre) Tj 110.25 0 TD -0.0623 Tc 0.3405 Tw (hensive the laws maybe in term of their legal coverage they ) Tj -110.25 -14.25 TD -0.0579 Tc 0.3215 Tw (were of little significance and use if those who sought recourse were unable to ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0497 Tc 0.2061 Tw (access them. This was a matter of immediate importance in light of the recent ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0622 Tc 0.4222 Tw (reductions in financial support for Le) Tj 183 0 TD -0.0385 Tc 0.1547 Tw (gal Aid support for civil cases and reductions ) Tj -183 -14.25 TD -0.0375 Tc 0.2475 Tw (to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander legal services. ) Tj 279 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -279 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 90 0 obj 7267 endobj 88 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 81 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 89 0 R >> endobj 92 0 obj << /Length 93 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (22) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0441 Tc 0.2005 Tw (The role and functioning of specific agencies and bodies such as the Human Rights ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0414 Tc 0.2514 Tw (and Equal Opportunity Commission, ATSIC and State) Tj 266.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0553 Tc 0.1547 Tw (based agencies t) Tj 79.5 0 TD -0.092 Tc 0.302 Tw (o deal with ) Tj -349.5 -14.25 TD -0.1875 Tc 0 Tw (anti) Tj 17.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0291 Tc 0.1766 Tw (racist legislation also impacted upon accessibility. In the majority of cases ) Tj -21 -13.5 TD -0.0623 Tc 0.3973 Tw (these agencies have had their funding reduced and this together with legislative ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0505 Tc 0.2605 Tw (changes have resulted in these agencies not being able to be proactive in follo) Tj 380.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw (wing ) Tj -380.25 -14.25 TD -0.0365 Tc 0.1929 Tw (up compliance and monitoring of the laws. To ensure effective accessibility it was ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0414 Tc 0.2514 Tw (proposed that HREOC and similar agencies should have their funding and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.045 Tc 0.255 Tw (independence increased. ) Tj 126 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -126 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0551 Tc 0.3484 Tw (The delegates stressed another access issue was that potential compla) Tj 339 0 TD -0.0753 Tc 0.2853 Tw (inants often ) Tj -339 -14.25 TD -0.0309 Tc 0.1337 Tw (require community and culturally specific support mechanisms. ) Tj 315 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -315 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.048 Tc 0.2044 Tw (It was raised that many people who are subjected to individual or systemic racism ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0374 Tc 0.2474 Tw (are from vulnerable positions within society and may require further protection ) Tj T* -0.088 Tc 0.298 Tw (mechanisms to dea) Tj 92.25 0 TD -0.0584 Tc 0.3366 Tw (l with their perceptions, or the reality, that if they make ) Tj -92.25 -14.25 TD -0.0541 Tc 0.2064 Tw (complaints about racism they will be victimised. For example, a number of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.045 Tc 0.1925 Tw (refugees on Temporary Protection Visas have expressed concerns that they are not ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1119 Tc 0.5719 Tw (confident that the anti) Tj 106.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0252 Tc 0.2352 Tw (victimisation pr) Tj 76.5 0 TD -0.0305 Tc 0.2405 Tw (otections provided under their visa will stop ) Tj -186.75 -14.25 TD -0.0439 Tc 0.2539 Tw (them being victimised if they lodge complaints regarding race) Tj 303 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0138 Tc 0.1962 Tw (related mistreatment.) Tj 104.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -411 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0411 Tc 0.2511 Tw (Another area of accessibility that needs to be reviewed and improved is the existing ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0466 Tc 0.2566 Tw (complaint mechanisms for race) Tj 152.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0207 Tc 0.2307 Tw (related co) Tj 48.75 0 TD -0.044 Tc 0.129 Tw (mplaints. In particular for regional, ) Tj -204.75 -14.25 TD -0.0592 Tc 0.3269 Tw (Indigenous and refugee groups the existing long time to resolve issues and the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0416 Tc 0.2516 Tw (extensive paper work are disincentives for complaints to be seen through or ) Tj T* 0.0168 Tc 0 Tw (initiated.) Tj 42.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -42.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.1668 Tc 0.4182 Tw (Question 12 ) Tj 65.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.1065 Tc 0.3535 Tw ( What other measures could be adopted) Tj 200.25 0 TD 0.0854 Tc 0.2746 Tw ( to ensure effective remedies ) Tj -270 -14.25 TD 0.0363 Tc 0.1737 Tw (for victims of racism?) Tj 109.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -109.5 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0247 Tc 1.7882 Tw (There is a need for more outreach by HREOC and other agencies in partnership ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0375 Tc 0.985 Tw (with community based organizations. One strategy is for state Equal Opportunity ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0718 Tc 2.5318 Tw (Commissions $EOCs$ to train community) Tj 211.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0648 Tc 0.2748 Tw (based ) Tj 33 0 TD -0.0451 Tc 2.1301 Tw (workers in relation to their own ) Tj -248.25 -14.25 TD -0.0625 Tc 0 Tw (legislation.) Tj 53.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -53.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0694 Tc 0.3294 Tw (There is need to create a space for people to tell their stories and expose ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0741 Tc 0.2841 Tw (experiences in a non) Tj 99.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.043 Tc 0.253 Tw (threatening environment. The South African Truth and ) Tj -104.25 -14.25 TD -0.0378 Tc 0.2478 Tw (reconciliation Commission was seen as a model, which could) Tj 300.75 0 TD -0.0894 Tc 0.2994 Tw ( be adapted.) Tj 59.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -360 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0351 Tc 0.2451 Tw (A National Race Relations Foundation should be established to undertake ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0458 Tc 0.2558 Tw (independent research, fund community based human rights and anti) Tj 331.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.033 Tc -0.507 Tw (racism ) Tj -335.25 -14.25 TD -0.0493 Tc -0.1157 Tw (education programs. ) Tj 103.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -103.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 93 0 obj 5595 endobj 91 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 81 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 92 0 R >> endobj 95 0 obj << /Length 96 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (23) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 719.25 TD /F2 14.25 Tf 0.0216 Tc -0.2254 Tw (Session four: Strategies to achieve full and effective equality, including) Tj 415.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -415.5 -16.5 TD -0.0684 Tc 0.3646 Tw (international cooperation) Tj 143.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -143.25 -15 TD /F2 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0937 Tc 0.8663 Tw (Theme 5: Strategies to achieve full and effective equality, including international ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0869 Tc -0.6269 Tw (cooperation and enhancement of UN international mechanisms in combating racism, ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0015 Tc 0.2085 Tw (racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and f) Tj 312 0 TD 0.0828 Tc 0 Tw (ollow) Tj 27.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0 Tc (up) Tj 12.75 0 TD 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -356.25 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -15.75 TD /F2 14.25 Tf -0.0891 Tc 0 Tw (Panellists) Tj 54.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -54.75 -15 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -12.75 TD /F0 11.25 Tf -0.0623 Tc -0.4439 Tw (Professor Marcia Langton, Melbourne University) Tj 225 0 TD 0 Tc -0.3188 Tw ( ) Tj -225 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0389 Tc 0.1864 Tw (Professor Langton holds the Chair of Indigenous Studies at the University of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0422 Tc 0.1986 Tw (Melbourne. She is also an elected part time Councillor and Deputy Chairperson of ) Tj T* -0.0498 Tc 0.2598 Tw (the Australian Institute of) Tj 124.5 0 TD -0.0287 Tc 0.2387 Tw ( Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. ) Tj 235.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -360 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0367 Tc 0.2309 Tw (Professor Langton discussed the issue of racism in Australia with a particular focus ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0284 Tc 0.292 Tw (on Indigenous issues. She pointed to the fact that the Australian constitution still had ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.084 Tc 1.044 Tw (racist clauses in it and these ) Tj 144.75 0 TD 0.0083 Tc 0.9517 Tw (needed to be removed before we could move forward ) Tj -144.75 -14.25 TD 0.0041 Tc 0.3934 Tw (on a range of institutional strategies to address racism. Professor Langton discussed ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0626 Tc 0.9785 Tw (how race is a social construct and that what we need to focus on is our similarities ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0499 Tc 0.9101 Tw (and not our differences. She also c) Tj 177 0 TD 0.025 Tc 0.935 Tw (anvassed the need for educational opportunities ) Tj -177 -14.25 TD -0.0271 Tc 1.7371 Tw (for young Indigenous Australians that did not consign them to the status quo but ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0385 Tc 3.4531 Tw (rather afforded them the possibility to break down existing barriers to power.) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj T* -0.0341 Tc 4.2084 Tw (Professor Langton also discussed the issue of as) Tj 263.25 0 TD 0.0278 Tc 4.1197 Tw (ylum seekers and how their) Tj 0 Tc 0.96 Tw ( ) Tj -263.25 -14.25 TD 0.0031 Tc 3.0915 Tw (treatment by Australia was tantamount to a denial of their human rights. She ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0182 Tc 1.0668 Tw (maintained that for Australia to play and effective role in developing international ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.039 Tc 0 Tw (co) Tj 11.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0042 Tc 0.2808 Tw (operation and strategies it was important that we addressed the ) Tj 314.25 0 TD 0.042 Tc 0.418 Tw (national issues of ) Tj -329.25 -14.25 TD 0.0437 Tc 0 Tw (racism.) Tj 36 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -36 -15.75 TD /F2 14.25 Tf 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -15 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0206 Tc 0.2306 Tw (Ms Eileen Pittaway, Centre for Refugee Research, University of NSW) Tj 348 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -348 -13.5 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.046 Tc 0.206 Tw (Ms Pittaway is the Director of the Centre for Refugee Research at the University of ) Tj T* -0.0442 Tc 0.2542 Tw (NSW and teaches in the Social Work Department at UNSW. She has been a board) Tj 409.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -409.5 -14.25 TD -0.0626 Tc 0.3351 Tw (and committee member of the Asian Women's Human Rights Council and the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.035 Tc 0.245 Tw (Australian National Committee on Refugee Women Co) Tj 270.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0073 Tc 0.2027 Tw (operative $ANCORW$.) Tj 114.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -389.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0476 Tc 0.2576 Tw (Ms Pittaway discussed how it was important that NGOs were active participants in ) Tj T* -0.0283 Tc 0.2383 Tw (the WCAR if Durban was to lead t) Tj 171 0 TD -0.0559 Tc 0.2659 Tw (o practical and effective strategies. She outlined ) Tj -171 -14.25 TD -0.0516 Tc 0.2616 Tw (the work she has undertaken in providing NGOs with lobbying training for the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0349 Tc 0.1824 Tw (WCAR, including at the recent NGO networking meeting in Kathmandu. Ms ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0258 Tc 0.2358 Tw (Pittaway maintained that the expectations about the WCA) Tj 282.75 0 TD -0.0748 Tc 0.2848 Tw (R should be limited and ) Tj -282.75 -14.25 TD -0.0377 Tc 0.2477 Tw (that we have to understand the reality of such international summits. She underlined ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0379 Tc 0.2479 Tw (the importance of understanding a complex preparatory process for effective ) Tj T* -0.0512 Tc 0.3362 Tw (lobbying by NGOs and other organisations seeking to influence the proce) Tj 360 0 TD -0.0828 Tc 0.2928 Tw (ss and ) Tj -360 -13.5 TD -0.0443 Tc 0.2543 Tw (strengthen the outcomes of the World Conference.) Tj 247.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -247.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0144 Tc 0.2244 Tw (Professor David Kinley, Castan Centre, Monash University) Tj 293.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -293.25 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 96 0 obj 5969 endobj 94 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 81 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 95 0 R >> endobj 98 0 obj << /Length 99 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (24) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.054 Tc 0.3265 Tw (Professor Kinley, Monash University, is the Director of the Castan Centre for ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0486 Tc 0.2586 Tw (Human Rights Law. He has previously worked for the Australian ) Tj 328.5 0 TD -0.0173 Tc -0.1477 Tw (Law Reform ) Tj -328.5 -14.25 TD -0.0506 Tc 0.2606 Tw (Commission and HREOC. He is the author of \223Human rights explained ) Tj 356.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD -0.1035 Tc 0.3135 Tw ( a guide to ) Tj -362.25 -13.5 TD -0.06 Tc 0.1763 Tw (Human Rights in Australia in a global context\224. ) Tj 238.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -238.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0374 Tc 0.1724 Tw (Professor Kinley explored the issues surrounding concepts such as cultural ) Tj T* -0.0576 Tc 0.2676 Tw (relativism as they relate to human rights) Tj 196.5 0 TD -0.0496 Tc 0.2596 Tw ( issues. He maintains that it is crucial that ) Tj -196.5 -13.5 TD -0.0454 Tc 0.2554 Tw (arguments for the recognition of universal values of human rights come from within ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0649 Tc 0.3217 Tw (a culture, and be located in the values and traditions of that culture, this is much ) Tj T* -0.0771 Tc 0.2871 Tw (more powerful and it is not seen as a valu) Tj 204.75 0 TD -0.0139 Tc 0.2239 Tw (e set 'imposed' from without. Professor ) Tj -204.75 -14.25 TD -0.0685 Tc 0.3285 Tw (Kinley also argued that it is important that the human rights debate, at the national ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0556 Tc 0.3156 Tw (and international level, is not lost in the definitional arguments of \223legal experts\224. ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0407 Tc 0.2507 Tw (The development of agreed definitions and) Tj 209.25 0 TD -0.0595 Tc 0.3945 Tw ( practical strategies needs to involve ) Tj -209.25 -14.25 TD -0.0418 Tc 0.2518 Tw (people who are directly affected and community based organizations that are active ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0767 Tc 0.0367 Tw (on these issues. ) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -79.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0078 Tc 0.2178 Tw (Mr Jason Yat) Tj 66.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0312 Tc 0.2412 Tw (Sen Li) Tj 32.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -102.75 -13.5 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0672 Tc 0.1428 Tw (Mr Yat) Tj 36.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0625 Tc 0.2725 Tw (Sen Li is the Australian born son of Asian migrants. After completing a ) Tj -40.5 -14.25 TD -0.0545 Tc 0.2645 Tw (law degree in ) Tj 69.75 0 TD -0.0603 Tc 0.2168 Tw (1995 he went to Europe to be a Judge's Associate at the UN Balkans ) Tj -69.75 -14.25 TD -0.065 Tc 0.275 Tw (War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague. He has been active in the struggle against ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.069 Tc 0.3728 Tw (racism in Australia and the Republic debate. ) Tj 225 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -225 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0672 Tc 0.1428 Tw (Mr Yat) Tj 36.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0484 Tc 0.2584 Tw (Sen Li gave his perspective on the varieties of racism i) Tj 268.5 0 TD -0.0431 Tc 0.2531 Tw (n Australia and the ) Tj -309 -14.25 TD -0.036 Tc 0.1835 Tw (challenges for multiculturalism in Australia. He drew on his personal experiences ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0597 Tc 0.3233 Tw (of racism to argue that multiculturalism needs to evolve in order to adapt to ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0383 Tc 0.2483 Tw (changing conditions in Australian society. Jason Yat) Tj 256.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0272 Tc 0.1828 Tw (Sen Li maintained that) Tj 111 0 TD -0.138 Tc 0.348 Tw ( the ) Tj -371.25 -14.25 TD -0.0524 Tc 0.3159 Tw (issue of what is meant by national identity needs to revisited because the commonly ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0366 Tc 0.1784 Tw (held image both locally and internationally no longer reflects Australia\222s present ) Tj T* -0.0777 Tc 0.2877 Tw (reality and is even less relevant to our future. ) Tj 226.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -226.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -15.75 TD /F2 14.25 Tf 0.0611 Tc 0 Tw (Workshops) Tj 65.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2962 Tw ( ) Tj -65.25 -15 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.1668 Tc 1.5432 Tw (Question 13 ) Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6.75 0 TD 0.046 Tc 2.789 Tw ( Does gl) Tj 47.25 0 TD 0.0809 Tc 2.5666 Tw (obalisation impact on people\222s experience of racism in ) Tj -123.75 -13.5 TD 0.0901 Tc 3.1881 Tw (Australia? What safeguards should be put in place to protect individuals and) Tj 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0394 Tc 4.7777 Tw (communities where globalisation contributes to racism, racial discrimination,) Tj 0 Tc -0.54 Tw ( ) Tj T* -0.0372 Tc 0.4972 Tw (xenophobia or related intolerance?) Tj 170.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -170.25 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0773 Tc 0.2873 Tw (The delega) Tj 53.25 0 TD -0.0426 Tc 0.2526 Tw (tes were in agreement that globalisation has many layers of meaning, ) Tj -53.25 -13.5 TD -0.0674 Tc 0.2774 Tw (from the economic and the political to new media and the strengthening of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.034 Tc 0.244 Tw (international mechanisms for protection against racism. ) Tj 279 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -279 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.023 Tc 0.233 Tw (As noted under ) Tj 78.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.09 Tc 0.3 Tw (Theme 1) Tj 42.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0467 Tc 0.2567 Tw ( the economic changes brought on) Tj 167.25 0 TD -0.034 Tc 0.244 Tw ( by globalisation are ) Tj -288.75 -14.25 TD -0.0432 Tc 0.2532 Tw (contributing to fear and insecurity in many communities. This can lead people back ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0336 Tc 0.2436 Tw (to old values of nationalism and isolationism. The tendency under globalisation ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0331 Tc 0.2431 Tw (towards greater economic stratification on the national and internatio) Tj 337.5 0 TD -0.0507 Tc 0.2607 Tw (nal scale can ) Tj -337.5 -14.25 TD -0.0369 Tc 0.2469 Tw (cause greater tribalism, separation and racism. ) Tj 236.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -236.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 99 0 obj 6341 endobj 97 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 81 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 98 0 R >> endobj 102 0 obj << /Length 103 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (25) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0561 Tc 0.3161 Tw (A number of groups raised the difficulty in bringing up issues in the current debate ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0666 Tc 0.2766 Tw (where it is argued that globalisation and the notion that it is 'in everyone's ) Tj T* -0.0575 Tc 0.2675 Tw (interests\222. It is necessary) Tj 120.75 0 TD -0.0278 Tc 0.2378 Tw ( to create space for alternative perspectives including the ) Tj -120.75 -13.5 TD -0.0408 Tc 0.2508 Tw (impact on Indigenous peoples and the impact of displacement.) Tj 304.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -304.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0517 Tc 0.3242 Tw (Globalisation has a particular effect on members of minorities and unskilled labour ) Tj T* -0.0594 Tc 0.2694 Tw (in the labour market. When jobs are moved offshor) Tj 255.75 0 TD -0.078 Tc 0.288 Tw (e ) Tj 9 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD -0.0349 Tc 0.2449 Tw ( leaving people out of work ) Tj -270.75 -13.5 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD -0.0594 Tc 0.3944 Tw ( there is a disproportionate impact on unskilled and semiskilled jobs, where non) Tj 392.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -398.25 -14.25 TD -0.03 Tc 0.24 Tw (English speaking background workers are clustered. ) Tj 264 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -264 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0449 Tc 0.2013 Tw (While economic conditions are not the only or inevitable causes of racism, it was ) Tj T* 0 Tc 0.21 Tw (noted t) Tj 33 0 TD -0.0448 Tc 0.2548 Tw (hat we need to provide everyone with economic security in order to reduce ) Tj -33 -13.5 TD -0.0428 Tc 0.2028 Tw (the incidence of racism. The delegates were of the view that this security was not ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0341 Tc 0.2441 Tw (being achieved under globalisation. ) Tj 180.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -180.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0309 Tc 0.2409 Tw (Structurally, globalisation has placed corporate interests a) Tj 283.5 0 TD -0.031 Tc 0.091 Tw (head of those of local ) Tj -283.5 -14.25 TD -0.0357 Tc 0.2457 Tw (communities; one workshop cited mining interests over) Tj 271.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0226 Tc 0.0826 Tw (riding the interests of local ) Tj -275.25 -13.5 TD -0.0454 Tc 0.2554 Tw (cultural communities and economies. Globalisation has also been said to have ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0446 Tc 0.2546 Tw (increased corporate power at the expense of the nation state. Governme) Tj 354.75 0 TD 0.023 Tc 0.187 Tw (nts are ) Tj -354.75 -14.25 TD -0.0528 Tc 0.2628 Tw (restricted within their borders but in a global environment corporations range across ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0632 Tc 0.2732 Tw (many nation states.) Tj 93.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -93.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0484 Tc 0.3161 Tw (The workshops were agreed though that while nation states are restricted, they are ) Tj T* -0.0666 Tc 0.3704 Tw (vital to the protection against structural and other forms) Tj 273 0 TD -0.036 Tc 0.1389 Tw ( of racism. They do set ) Tj -273 -14.25 TD -0.0441 Tc 0.2541 Tw (laws within their borders and they do influence the distribution of profits within ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0426 Tc 0.2526 Tw (those borders. Within a weak international legal system, the only strong and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0427 Tc 0.1589 Tw (effective laws are currently at the national level. ) Tj 240.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -240.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.009 Tc 0.219 Tw (The positive asp) Tj 80.25 0 TD 0.0586 Tc 0.2264 Tw (ects of globalisation were also noted and these referred particularly ) Tj -80.25 -14.25 TD -0.0526 Tc 1.7001 Tw (to the advances in global communications. The enhanced flow of information and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0129 Tc 1.6971 Tw (created the potential to form strong alliances between similar groups in different ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0531 Tc 1.6569 Tw (countries, for example t) Tj 121.5 0 TD -0.0235 Tc 1.7335 Tw (he work of Indigenous peoples in the development of the ) Tj -121.5 -14.25 TD 0.0041 Tc 0.4366 Tw (UN Draft Declaration on the Rights Indigenous Peoples. It was also acknowledged ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0431 Tc 3.1906 Tw (that the information flow and concentration of media on an international scale ) Tj T* -0.0521 Tc 0.2621 Tw (created the potential for entrenching st) Tj 188.25 0 TD -0.0233 Tc 0.2333 Tw (ereotypes and entrenching racist views.) Tj 193.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -381.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.0918 Tc 3.1182 Tw (Question 14) Tj 63 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.0473 Tc 3.3294 Tw ( What can Australia contribute to international efforts to combat) Tj 0 Tc -0.54 Tw ( ) Tj -67.5 -14.25 TD -0.0103 Tc 0.2203 Tw (racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance?) Tj 325.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -325.5 -14.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0286 Tc 0.2386 Tw (Some workshops discussed mechanisms that Australia could implement, s) Tj 361.5 0 TD 0.058 Tc 0.152 Tw (uch as a ) Tj -361.5 -14.25 TD -0.0352 Tc 0.2452 Tw (code of conduct for Australian companies governing their activities overseas $like ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0452 Tc 0.2552 Tw (the Sullivan Code governing US companies working in South Africa during the ) Tj T* 0.003 Tc 0.207 Tw (apartheid era$.) Tj 71.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -71.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0557 Tc 0.2657 Tw (With the increased movement of people and ideas, it was noted that the ) Tj 353.25 0 TD 0.008 Tc -0.173 Tw (risk of ) Tj -353.25 -14.25 TD -0.0348 Tc 0.2448 Tw (homogenisation can have the same effect on Indigenous peoples as earlier ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0373 Tc 0.2473 Tw (assimilation and invasions. Discrimination on the basis of nationality or citizenship ) Tj T* -0.0563 Tc 0.2663 Tw (may also have the same effect on many people as discrimination on the basis of race ) Tj T* -0.01 Tc 0.22 Tw (or e) Tj 19.5 0 TD -0.102 Tc 0 Tw (thnicity.) Tj 39.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 103 0 obj 6264 endobj 100 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 101 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 102 0 R >> endobj 105 0 obj << /Length 106 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.25 Tf -0.0784 Tc -0.1053 Tw (National Summit Report) Tj 79.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj 261 0 TD ( ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0.2527 Tc (/) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc (26) Tj 8.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1837 Tw ( ) Tj -404.25 720.75 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0502 Tc 0.2602 Tw (There are a number of areas of the international system that need to be strengthened ) Tj T* -0.0549 Tc 0.3185 Tw (in order to strengthen the struggle against racism. The first is the accountability ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0367 Tc 0.2467 Tw (mechanisms applying to transnationals corporations. The Global Compact was) Tj 387.75 0 TD -0.081 Tc 0.291 Tw ( seen ) Tj -387.75 -14.25 TD -0.0374 Tc 0.1641 Tw (as a potential safeguard, but implementation, monitoring and enforcement ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0472 Tc 0.2572 Tw (mechanisms are lacking. There should also be mechanisms through the World ) Tj T* -0.0533 Tc 0.3169 Tw (Bank and IMF, for corporations to be bound by the principles of CERD and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0767 Tc 0.2867 Tw (CEDAW in particular.) Tj 111 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -111 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0754 Tc 0 Tw (Because) Tj 39 0 TD -0.0291 Tc 0.1709 Tw ( individual citizens have no standing before international bodies, and parties ) Tj -39 -14.25 TD -0.0413 Tc 0.1936 Tw (to treaties are the States themselves, participants agreed that the powers of national ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0444 Tc 0.3226 Tw (human rights institutions $NHRIs$ and NGOs within UN fora should be ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0398 Tc 0.2498 Tw (strengthened. There a) Tj 110.25 0 TD -0.0582 Tc 0.3363 Tw (lso needs to be attention given to the strengthening of the ) Tj -110.25 -14.25 TD -0.0365 Tc 0.2465 Tw (international human rights treaty system, including ratification of CERD, signing ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0386 Tc 0.2486 Tw (the statute for the ICC and ratification of major human rights instruments. One ) Tj T* -0.052 Tc 0.262 Tw (workshop proposed the establishme) Tj 173.25 0 TD -0.0205 Tc 0.1368 Tw (nt of a mechanism by which membership of ) Tj -173.25 -14.25 TD -0.0443 Tc 0.2543 Tw (international human rights bodies is dependent on ratification of treaties, although it ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0495 Tc 0.2595 Tw (was recognised that it may be better to have violating governments in, and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0593 Tc 0.3631 Tw (accountable to, those bodies rather than beyond the ) Tj 255 0 TD -0.033 Tc 0 Tw (group.) Tj 32.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -287.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0716 Tc 0.3888 Tw (There was consensus that Australia can and should take a stronger role in the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0389 Tc 0.1807 Tw (international struggle against racism. Most importantly Australia should renew its ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0516 Tc 0.2616 Tw (support for the UN human rights system, specifically the functions of the ) Tj T* -0.096 Tc 0.306 Tw (Committee on) Tj 68.25 0 TD -0.0234 Tc 0.2334 Tw ( the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. Australia has been ) Tj -68.25 -14.25 TD -0.0423 Tc 0.2523 Tw (embarrassed by its withdrawal from active participation in the treaty committee ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0831 Tc 0.2931 Tw (system. ) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.21 Tw ( ) Tj -44.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0595 Tc 0.2695 Tw (It was noted that Australia has in the past done a great deal in the area of human ) Tj T* -0.0611 Tc 0.2711 Tw (rights and anti rac) Tj 88.5 0 TD -0.0508 Tc 0.2608 Tw (ism and it should use this cultural capital to encourage ) Tj -88.5 -14.25 TD -0.0509 Tc 0.2609 Tw (international debates without being seen as neo) Tj 230.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0405 Tc 0.1005 Tw (colonial or hectoring. Australia's ) Tj -234 -13.5 TD -0.0447 Tc 0.2547 Tw (aid policies should work in consultation with grassroots NGOs and communities to ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0588 Tc 0.1188 Tw (target the emancipation of racial ) Tj 161.25 0 TD -0.0536 Tc 0.3469 Tw (minorities. There is also much more Australia can ) Tj -161.25 -14.25 TD -0.0681 Tc 0.2781 Tw (do to support NGOs in the Asia Pacific region in raising and addressing issues of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0546 Tc 0.2646 Tw (racial discrimination.) 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