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Tj 9 0 TD /F2 12 Tf ( ) Tj 27 0 TD /F1 14.04 Tf -0.0203 Tc 0.7703 Tw (The National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and) Tj 0 -16.08 TD -0 Tc 8.2502 Tw (Torres Strait Islander 黑料情报站 from their Families,) Tj 0 -16.2 TD /F3 14.04 Tf -0.07 Tc 0.0821 Tw (Bringing them home) Tj -36 -27.6 TD /F4 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.96 Tw (This issue relates to) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 102.6 0 TD 0.96 Tw (question 6) Tj 50.64 0 TD ( of the) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 35.88 0 TD -0.0034 Tc 0.9634 Tw (List of issues to be taken up in connection) Tj ET 210.72 695.16 50.52 0.6 re f 297.24 695.16 208.08 0.6 re f BT 108.12 683.28 TD -0.0021 Tc 0.0021 Tw (with the consideration of the third and fourth reports of Australia) Tj ET 108.12 681.36 314.76 0.6 re f BT 95.52 627.36 TD /F1 12 Tf 0.0086 Tc -0.0086 Tw (Summary of issue) Tj 18 -28.2 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 12.48 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0067 Tc 4.6133 Tw (The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission conducted an) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0131 Tc 2.1709 Tw (inquiry into the forcible removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) Tj T* 0.0033 Tc 0.9087 Tw (黑料情报站 from their families. The report,) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 202.68 0 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.96 Tw (Bringing them home) Tj 99.84 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.02 Tc 0.94 Tw (, was released) Tj -302.52 -13.8 TD 0.024 Tc -0.024 Tw (in May 1997.) Tj -18 -14.64 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 12.48 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.005 Tc -0.005 Tw (The report identified that:) Tj 18 -13.8 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.96 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 14.04 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0065 Tc 0.2519 Tw (Forcible removal policies saw the removal of between 1 in 3 and 1 in) Tj 0.6 -13.8 TD 0.0084 Tc 0.0066 Tw (10 Indigenous children, in the period 1910 to 1970;) Tj -18.6 -13.8 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.96 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 14.04 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0115 Tc 4.5351 Tw (The effects of such removal were, for most victims, negative,) Tj 0.6 -13.8 TD 0.0116 Tc -0.0116 Tw (multiple and profoundly disabling;) Tj -18.6 -13.8 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.96 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 14.04 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0183 Tc -0.0033 Tw (Removal laws were racially discriminatory, and genocidal in intent;) Tj -18 -13.8 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.96 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 14.04 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0311 Tc 2.1956 Tw (For many children removed there were breaches of fiduciary duty) Tj 0.6 -13.8 TD 0.0158 Tc -0.0008 Tw (and duty of care, as well as criminal actions.) Tj -56.64 -14.64 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 15.72 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0109 Tc 4.1891 Tw (The report adopted the van) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 153.24 0 TD 0.01 Tc 4.31 Tw (Boven principles for reparation for gross) Tj -153.24 -13.8 TD 0.0057 Tc 1.3743 Tw (violations of human rights as the basis of recommendations for addressing) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0086 Tc -0.0086 Tw (the harm caused.) Tj -21.24 -14.64 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 15.72 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.015 Tc 6.675 Tw (The report also considered contemporary forms of separation, and) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0063 Tc 6.3023 Tw (recommended the introduction of national standards and framework) Tj T* 0.0057 Tc 5.7371 Tw (legislation incorporating international human rights standards for the) Tj 0 -13.68 TD 0.012 Tc 0.028 Tw (treatment of Indigenous children.) Tj -21.24 -14.76 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 15.72 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0019 Tc 0.0281 Tw (The government responded to the report in 1997 with a $43 million package.) Tj -21.24 -14.64 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 15.72 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0077 Tc 1.0723 Tw (The government has rejected recommendations for compensation and other) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0067 Tc -0.0067 Tw (forms of reparation.) Tj -21.24 -14.64 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 15.72 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0103 Tc 5.0177 Tw (In a recent submission, the government rejects further the basis for) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0097 Tc 0.7003 Tw (reparations and argues that the laws were not genocidal and did not amount) Tj T* 0.0077 Tc -0.0077 Tw (to a gross violation of human rights.) Tj ET 89.88 652.2 0.48 0.48 re f 89.88 652.2 0.48 0.48 re f 90.36 652.2 417.72 0.48 re f 508.08 652.2 0.48 0.48 re f 508.08 652.2 0.48 0.48 re f 89.88 260.04 0.48 392.16 re f 89.88 259.56 0.48 0.48 re f 89.88 259.56 0.48 0.48 re f 90.36 259.56 417.72 0.48 re f 508.08 260.04 0.48 392.16 re f 508.08 259.56 0.48 0.48 re f 508.08 259.56 0.48 0.48 re f BT 90.12 222.72 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.0074 Tc 0.0074 Tw (The following section expands on this summary under the following headings:) Tj 18 -31.32 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 12.48 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0155 Tc -0.0035 Tw (The National Inquiry into the separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait) Tj 0 -13.68 TD 0.013 Tc -0.013 Tw (Islander 黑料情报站 from their Families; and) Tj -18 -14.76 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 12.48 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.008 Tc -0.008 Tw (Government response to the report.) 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Tj -42.6 -27.6 TD (6.2) Tj 15 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 27.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0137 Tc -0.0137 Tw (The terms of reference required HREOC to:) Tj 0 -27.48 TD /F5 11.04 Tf -5.8896 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.04 0 TD /F6 11.04 Tf 0 Tc 0.0288 Tw ( ) Tj 6.36 0 TD /F0 11.04 Tf 0.003 Tc 2.067 Tw (trace the past laws, practices and policies which resulted in the separation of) Tj -11.4 -12.72 TD 0.0016 Tc 1.5224 Tw (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families by compulsion,) Tj 0 -12.72 TD -0 Tc -0.0397 Tw (duress or undue influence and the effects of those laws, practices and policies;) Tj 0 -25.92 TD /F5 11.04 Tf -5.8896 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.04 0 TD /F6 11.04 Tf 0 Tc 0.0288 Tw ( ) Tj 6.36 0 TD /F0 11.04 Tf 0.012 Tc 0.588 Tw (examine the adequacy of and the need for any changes in current laws, practices) Tj -11.4 -12.72 TD 0.0029 Tc 4.1851 Tw (and policies relating to services and procedures currently available to those) Tj 0 -12.72 TD 0.0091 Tc 1.0491 Tw (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples who were affected by the separation) Tj 0 -12.6 TD -0.0044 Tc 3.5444 Tw (under compulsion, duress or undue influence of Aboriginal and Torres Strait) Tj T* -0.0059 Tc 2.1222 Tw (Islanders children from their families, including but not limited to current laws,) Tj 0 -12.72 TD 0.005 Tc -0.0235 Tw (practices and policies relating to access to individual and family records and to other) Tj 0 -12.6 TD 0.006 Tc -0.026 Tw (forms of assistance locating and reunifying families;) Tj 0 -25.92 TD /F5 11.04 Tf -5.8896 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.04 0 TD /F6 11.04 Tf 0 Tc 0.0288 Tw ( ) Tj 6.36 0 TD /F0 11.04 Tf -0.0074 Tc 0.5674 Tw (examine the principles relevant to determining the justification for compensation) Tj -11.4 -12.72 TD 0.0008 Tc -0.0158 Tw (for persons or communities affected by such separations; and) Tj 0 -27.12 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 5.88 0 TD /F0 11.04 Tf 0 Tc 1.4615 Tw (examine current laws, practices and policies with respect to the placement and) Tj -11.4 -12.6 TD 0.0123 Tc 1.4277 Tw (care or Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and advice on any changes) Tj 0 -12.72 TD -0.0026 Tc 0.8535 Tw (required taking into account the principles of self determination by Aboriginal and) Tj 0 -12.6 TD 0.0046 Tc -0.0046 Tw (Torres Strait Islander peoples.) Tj -42.6 -27.24 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw (6.3) Tj 15 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 27.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0218 Tc 5.1382 Tw (The report of the inquiry,) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 150.36 0 TD /F4 12 Tf 5.16 Tw (Bringing Them Home,) Tj 117.24 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 5.31 Tw ( was tabled in the) Tj -267.6 -13.8 TD 0.0106 Tc -0.0106 Tw (Commonwealth Parliament on 26 May 1997.) Tj -42.6 -27.6 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (6.4) Tj 15 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 27.6 0 TD /F4 12 Tf 1.56 Tw (Bringing them home) Tj 101.04 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0196 Tc 1.5404 Tw ( provides detailed analysis of the legislative history of) Tj -101.04 -13.68 TD 0.0236 Tc 0.3214 Tw (State, Territory and Commonwealth laws applying specifically to Indigenous) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0105 Tc 4.3695 Tw (children, as well as general child welfare and adoption laws. In all) Tj T* 0.0055 Tc 1.0345 Tw (Australian States and Territories from around 1900 onwards legislation was) Tj T* 0.0114 Tc 1.2286 Tw (enacted which introduced processes by which Indigenous children could be) Tj T* 0.0077 Tc 2.179 Tw (removed from their families and made wards of the State.) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 301.44 0 TD /F4 12 Tf 2.28 Tw (Bringing them) Tj -301.44 -13.8 TD /F0 12 Tf 1.1025 Tw (home estimates that in the period 1910 to 1970 between 1 in 10 and 1 in 3) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0196 Tc -0.0025 Tw (Indigenous children were forcibly removed from their families.) Tj -42.6 -27.6 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (6.5) Tj 15 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 27.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0186 Tc 5.8614 Tw (Legal enactments concerning Indigenous child removal were still in) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0118 Tc -0.0118 Tw (operation in the early 1970s, though most had been repealed in the 1960s.) Tj -42.6 -27.48 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (6.6) Tj 15 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 27.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0138 Tc 2.059 Tw (The report was required to consider the effects of removal on Indigenous) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0073 Tc 0.8827 Tw (people. The report concluded that it is difficult to capture the complexity of) Tj T* 0.0065 Tc 0.0068 Tw (the effects for each individual. The report noted, however that:) Tj 0 -26.76 TD /F0 11.04 Tf 0.0086 Tc 1.8942 Tw (For the majority of witnesses to the Inqu) Tj 192.24 0 TD -0 Tc 2.0403 Tw (iry, the effects have been multiple and) Tj -192.24 -12.72 TD 0.009 Tc 2.4767 Tw (profoundly disabling. $The effects of removal have to$) Tj 4.7376 Tc -2.3376 Tw (\205 ) Tj 0.0088 Tc 2.5512 Tw (take into account the) Tj 0 -12.6 TD 0.0065 Tc 1.7826 Tw (ongoing impacts and their compounding effects causing a cycle of damage from) Tj ET endstream endobj 25 0 obj 5729 endobj 23 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 24 0 R >> endobj 27 0 obj << /Length 28 0 R >> stream BT 294.72 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw (3) Tj -162 720.96 TD /F0 11.04 Tf 0.0035 Tc 0.2256 Tw (which it is difficult to escape unaided. Psychological and emotional damage renders) Tj 0 -12.72 TD 0.0032 Tc 2.3414 Tw (many people less able to learn social skills and survival skills. Their ability to) Tj 0 -12.6 TD 0.0035 Tc 0.5245 Tw (operate successfully in the world is impaired causing low educational achievement,) Tj T* 0.0047 Tc 1.6873 Tw (unemployment and consequent poverty. These in turn cause their own emotional) Tj 0 -12.72 TD -0.0043 Tc 2.1763 Tw (distress leading some to perpetrate violence, self-harm, substance abuse or anti-) Tj 0 -12.6 TD -0.0033 Tc 0.0033 Tw (social behaviour.) Tj 75.12 5.04 TD /F0 6.96 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw (1) Tj -117.72 -32.28 TD /F0 12 Tf (6.7) Tj 15 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 27.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.014 Tc 4.146 Tw (The inquiry found that forcible removal laws legislative regimes were) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0229 Tc 1.1237 Tw (racially discriminatory in that they established legal regimes for Indigenous) Tj T* 0.0039 Tc 2.9743 Tw (children and their families which were distinct and inferior to those for) Tj 0 -13.68 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (non) Tj 18 0 TD 0.0126 Tc 4.9674 Tw (-Indigenous children and their families. For example, Indigenous) Tj -18 -13.8 TD 0.0111 Tc 0.7329 Tw (children and their families were commonly denied access to judicial review.) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0213 Tc 2.8827 Tw (The inquiry further found that many of the discriminatory practices that) Tj T* 0.0095 Tc 2.3638 Tw (evolved under these specific enactments continued after the enactment of) Tj T* 0.0129 Tc -0.0009 Tw (general child welfare legislation in the States and the Northern Territory.) Tj -42.6 -27.6 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (6.8) Tj 15 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 27.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0118 Tc 1.4467 Tw (The inquiry also found that there were a number of other features of these) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.008 Tc 3.496 Tw (laws that were discriminatory. For example, a number of jurisdictions) Tj T* 0.0138 Tc 3.4782 Tw (legislated to remove the parental rights of Indigenous parents. In some) Tj T* 0.005 Tc 2.475 Tw (States, the chief protector) Tj 130.08 5.52 TD /F0 8.04 Tf 0.06 Tc 0 Tw (2) Tj 4.08 -5.52 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0092 Tc 2.5108 Tw (, or an equivalent official, was made the legal) Tj -134.16 -13.68 TD 0.0122 Tc 6.2278 Tw (guardian of all Indigenous children. Moreover, chief protectors and) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0036 Tc 1.063 Tw (protection boards were not required to consider questions of reasonableness) Tj T* 0.012 Tc 0.0147 Tw (or sufficiency in relation to the confinement of Indigenous children.) Tj -42.6 -27.6 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (6.9) Tj 15 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 27.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0094 Tc 2.1106 Tw (Additionally, the various protectors and protection boards that were made) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0142 Tc 4.6658 Tw (responsible for Indigenous people owed legal obligations of care and) Tj T* 0.0114 Tc 1.1013 Tw (protection to the children who were forcibly removed and place under their) Tj T* 0.0094 Tc 2.3906 Tw (control. The inquiry found that protectors and protection boards failed in) Tj T* 0.0097 Tc 1.8383 Tw (their guardianship and fiduciary duties to) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 211.32 0 TD 0.024 Tc 1.866 Tw (Indigenous wards to whom they) Tj -211.32 -13.8 TD 0.0129 Tc 1.3071 Tw (had statutory and common law responsibilities. The boards generally failed) Tj 0 -13.68 TD 0.0131 Tc 0.2269 Tw (to provide care to standards of the day, to protect the children from harm and) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0106 Tc 0.4994 Tw (involve Indigenous parents in decision) Tj 187.2 0 TD 0 Tc 0.64 Tw (-making about their ch) Tj 110.64 0 TD 0.0369 Tc 0.6231 Tw (ildren. In many) Tj -297.84 -13.8 TD 0.0074 Tc 2.7766 Tw (cases, the agents or delegates of the State $missions, church institutions,) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0228 Tc -0.0228 Tw (foster carers and employers$ also breached their fiduciary duties.) Tj -42.6 -27.6 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (6.10) Tj 21 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 21.6 0 TD /F4 12 Tf 1.2 Tw (Bringing them home) Tj 100.32 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0235 Tc 1.3265 Tw ( found that the policy of forcibly removing Indigenous) Tj -100.32 -13.8 TD 0.0069 Tc 0.1971 Tw (children fell within the international legal definition of genocide. The inquiry) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0065 Tc 0.5935 Tw (noted that from 1948 onwards, the date of the) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 227.28 0 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.64 Tw (Convention on the Prevention) Tj -227.28 -13.8 TD 0.12 Tw (and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide) Tj 202.56 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.012 Tc 0.208 Tw (, there were clear statements on the) Tj -202.56 -13.8 TD 0.0059 Tc 1.1941 Tw (content of the crime of genocide and its unlawfulness. The Commonwealth) Tj 0 -13.68 TD 0.0036 Tc -0.0036 Tw (of Australia ratified the Convention in 1949 and it entered into force in 1951.) Tj -42.6 -27.6 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (6.11) Tj 21 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 21.6 0 TD /F4 12 Tf 0.72 Tw (Bringing them home) Tj 99.36 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0051 Tc 0.7803 Tw ( noted that the crime of genocide is not restricted to the) Tj -99.36 -13.8 TD 0.0091 Tc 1.1789 Tw (immediate physical destruction of a group but includes the forcible transfer) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0055 Tc 0.9288 Tw (of children [article 2$e$] with the intention to destroy, in whole or in part, a) Tj -42.6 -23.16 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 90 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 90.12 138.72 144 0.6 re f BT 90.12 127.92 TD /F0 8.04 Tf 0.06 Tc (1) Tj 4.08 -5.52 TD /F0 9.96 Tf 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj 31.92 0 TD /F4 9.96 Tf 0.0242 Tc 0.0058 Tw (Bringing them home) Tj 81.72 0 TD /F0 9.96 Tf 0.03 Tc 0 Tw (, p178.) Tj -117.72 -13.2 TD /F0 6 Tf 0 Tc (2) Tj 28.32 -3.96 TD /F0 9 Tf 0.0051 Tc 0.3295 Tw (One of the features of the legislative regimes to oversee the policy of assimilatio) Tj 293.52 0 TD 0.01 Tc 0.38 Tw (n was that welfare boards) Tj -279.24 -10.32 TD 0.0094 Tc 2.1056 Tw (pr protectors were established to deal with Indigenous people.) Tj 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj 244.44 0 TD 0.0086 Tc 2.1214 Tw (These bodies were constituted by) Tj -244.44 -10.44 TD 0.0097 Tc 0.6803 Tw (officials $often called protectors$ who had far reaching powers to deal with Indigenous people within) Tj 0 -10.32 TD 0.0067 Tc 0.0233 Tw (their jurisdiction.) Tj ET endstream endobj 28 0 obj 6410 endobj 26 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources <> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 27 0 R >> endobj 30 0 obj << /Length 31 0 R >> stream BT 294.72 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw (4) Tj -162 720.12 TD 0.0088 Tc 0.4812 Tw (national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such. The inquiry noted that the) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0116 Tc 1.3638 Tw (essence of the crime of genocide is the intention to destroy the group. The) Tj T* 0.0152 Tc 2.2781 Tw (inquiry concluded that child removal policies were genocidal because the) Tj T* 0 Tc 0.6 Tw (principal aim was the elimination of Australia) Tj -2.76 Tc 0 Tw (\222) Tj 0.0133 Tc 0.6467 Tw (s Indigenous peoples) Tj -2.76 Tc 3.36 Tw (\222 ) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw (distinct) Tj T* 0.0079 Tc 3.1636 Tw (identities. The inquiry recommended that the Commonwealth Parliament) Tj 0 -13.68 TD 0.0123 Tc 1.5648 Tw (legislate to give domestic legal effect to the) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 224.4 0 TD /F4 12 Tf 1.6 Tw (Convention on the Prevention) Tj -224.4 -13.8 TD 0 Tw (and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide) Tj 201.84 0 TD /F0 12 Tf (.) Tj -244.44 -27.6 TD (6.12) Tj 21 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 21.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0042 Tc 4.1478 Tw (The inquiry found that from about 1950 onwards, the continuation of) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.015 Tc 5.445 Tw (separate welfare laws for Indigenous children was in breach of the) Tj T* 0.0046 Tc -0.0046 Tw (international legal prohibition of racial discrimination.) Tj -42.6 -27.6 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (6.13) Tj 21 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 21.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0058 Tc 1.6262 Tw (The terms of reference required the Commission to examine principles for) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0098 Tc 2.7635 Tw (the payment of compensation. The report noted that international human) Tj T* 0.0055 Tc 0.5345 Tw (rights law recognises the right of victims of gross violations of human rights) Tj 0 -13.68 TD 0.0097 Tc 1.0703 Tw (to reparation. The inquiry recommended that reparation be made to all who) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0059 Tc 1.3141 Tw (suffered because of forcible removal policies.) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 229.8 0 TD /F4 12 Tf 1.32 Tw (Bringing them home) Tj 100.56 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0171 Tc 1.3029 Tw ( adopted) Tj -330.36 -13.8 TD 0 Tc 1.8 Tw (the van) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 41.52 0 TD 0.0163 Tc 1.8437 Tw (Boven principles as a synthesis of international practice regarding) Tj -41.52 -13.8 TD 0.01 Tc 0 Tw (reparations.) Tj 56.28 5.52 TD /F0 8.04 Tf 0.06 Tc (3) Tj 4.08 -5.52 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0158 Tc 1.3792 Tw ( In accordance with these principles, the inquiry recommended) Tj -60.36 -13.8 TD 0.015 Tc 1.83 Tw (that reparation should consist of acknowledgment and apology, guarantees) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0054 Tc 2.9496 Tw (against repetition, measures of restitution, measures of rehabilitation and) Tj T* 0.0229 Tc -0.0229 Tw (monetary compensation.) Tj -42.6 -27.6 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (6.14) Tj 21 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 21.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.014 Tc 2.3642 Tw (The fourth terms of reference of the Inquiry required the Commission to) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0114 Tc 1.6286 Tw (examine contemporary forms of separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait) Tj 0 -13.68 TD 0.0091 Tc 0.7589 Tw (Islander children from their families. The report concluded that removals by) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0229 Tc 1.371 Tw (virtue of incarceration in the criminal justice system or by way of the care) Tj T* 0.0145 Tc 0.5188 Tw (and protection system constitute a significant form of contemporary removal) Tj T* 0.0116 Tc 0.032 Tw (from family. The report made a number of recommendations dealing with the) Tj T* 0.0135 Tc 1.7974 Tw (contemporary forms of removal, and called for a social justice package to) Tj T* 0.0092 Tc 2.4593 Tw (redress Indigenous disadvantage, the establishment of national framework) Tj T* 0.0036 Tc 2.7164 Tw (legislation to implement the principle of self-determination in relation to) Tj T* 0.0071 Tc 1.4179 Tw (Indigenous children, and the establishment of national standards legislation) Tj T* 0.0124 Tc -0.0124 Tw (for juvenile justice, care and protection, family law and adoption.) Tj -42.6 -27.72 TD /F1 12 Tf 0.0171 Tc -0.0171 Tw (Government response to the recommendations of the report) Tj 0 -27.36 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw (6.15) Tj 21 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 21.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0021 Tc 3.1299 Tw (The government responded to the recommendations of the report on 16) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.008 Tc 0.256 Tw (December 1997. The Commonwealth provided a $43 million package for the) Tj T* 0.0152 Tc 3.4381 Tw (establishment of family tracing and counseling services, an oral history) Tj T* 0.0056 Tc 0.4864 Tw (project and to address other recommendations of the report. The government) Tj T* 0.0086 Tc 8.4814 Tw (also rejected other recommendations of the report, including all) Tj T* 0.0118 Tc 3.3311 Tw (recommendations dealing with contemporary forms of removal $national) Tj T* 0.0074 Tc 0.8926 Tw (standards and framework legislation and the development of a social justice) Tj -42.6 -53.28 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 90 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 90.12 115.44 144 0.6 re f BT 90.12 105.72 TD /F0 6 Tf (3) Tj 28.32 -3.96 TD /F0 9 Tf 0.0133 Tc 2.6567 Tw (United Nat) Tj 42.48 0 TD 0.0016 Tc 2.6564 Tw (ions Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities) Tj 342.24 0 TD 0.03 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj -370.44 -12.96 TD /F4 12 Tf 0 Tc 1.7891 Tw (Basic principles and Guidelines on the Right to Reparation for Victims of) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0 Tw (Gross Violations of Human Rights) Tj 165.48 0 TD /F0 9 Tf -0.0071 Tc 0.0371 Tw ( E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/17.) 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Tj 139.68 5.52 TD /F0 8.04 Tf 0.06 Tc (4) Tj -182.28 -33.12 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc (6.16) Tj 21 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 21.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0021 Tc 3.9579 Tw (The Commission has criticized the government for its response to the) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0098 Tc 3.5502 Tw (recommendations of the report as not ensuring effective leadership and) Tj 0 -13.68 TD 0.0109 Tc 1.4171 Tw (coordination of responses; failing to address the human rights analysis that) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0084 Tc 6.5316 Tw (underpins the recommendations; and for failing to ensure adequate) Tj T* 0.0057 Tc 2.3793 Tw (consultation with Indigenous people in formulating and implementing the) Tj T* 0.006 Tc -0.006 Tw (response to the report.) Tj 106.68 5.52 TD /F0 8.04 Tf 0.06 Tc 0 Tw (5) Tj -149.28 -33.12 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc (6.17) Tj 21 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 21.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0081 Tc 1.4119 Tw (In April 2000, the government made a submission to the Senate Legal and) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0072 Tc 0.6528 Tw (Constitutional References Committee inquiry into the stolen generation. The) Tj T* 0.0075 Tc 2.2725 Tw (government submission rejected further recommendations of the report. It) Tj T* 0 Tc 0 Tw (claimed that:) Tj 0 -28.56 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 22.8 0 TD /F0 12 Tf (There is no ) Tj -2.76 Tc (\221) Tj 0.015 Tc 0.105 Tw (stolen generation) Tj -2.76 Tc 0 Tw (\222) Tj 0 Tc (;) Tj -28.32 -14.64 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 22.8 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0214 Tc 2.5252 Tw (The number of people forcibly removed was significantly less than) Tj 0 -13.68 TD /F4 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw (Bringing them home) Tj 97.92 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0185 Tc -0.0185 Tw ( had suggested;) Tj -126.24 -14.76 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 22.8 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0154 Tc 0.0018 Tw (That the methodology of the report was flawed;) Tj -28.32 -14.64 TD /F5 12 Tf -6.36 Tc 0 Tw (\267) Tj 5.52 0 TD /F6 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 22.8 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0129 Tc 3.3871 Tw (That there is no basis for making reparations, including monetary) Tj 0 -13.68 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (compensation.) Tj -70.92 -27.6 TD (6.18) Tj 21 0 TD /F6 12 Tf ( ) Tj 21.6 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0127 Tc 0.0873 Tw (In rejecting the basis for making reparation the government sated that the van) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0058 Tc 3.6902 Tw (Boven principles are not binding in international law; that the forcible) Tj 0 -13.68 TD 0.0019 Tc 0.6719 Tw (removal of children did not amount to a gross violation of human rights and) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0186 Tc 2.6814 Tw (was not genocidal; and that the payment of monetary compensation was) Tj T* 0 Tc 0 Tw (problematic.) 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Tj -70.92 -55.2 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 90 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 90.12 147.84 144 0.6 re f BT 90.12 137.4 TD /F0 6 Tf (4) Tj 3 -3.96 TD /F0 9 Tf 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj 39.6 0 TD /F0 9.96 Tf 0.0209 Tc 0.26 Tw (The Commission conducted a follow-up inquiry to collate the various government responses) Tj 0 -11.52 TD 0.0194 Tc 0.5266 Tw (to the report. This report can be downloaded from the Commission) Tj -2.3376 Tc 0 Tw (\222) Tj -0.0444 Tc 0.0744 Tw (s ) Tj 282.84 0 TD 0.0315 Tc 0 Tw (website.) 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