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{\title ºÚÁÏÇ鱨վ consultation on Protection from Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Sex and/or Gender Identity}{\creatim\yr2011\mo1\dy20\hr11\min1}{\revtim\yr2011\mo1\dy20\hr11\min1}{\version2}{\edmins2}
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{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs36\insrsid10827700\charrsid11737987 ºÚÁÏÇ鱨վ consultation on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs36\insrsid10827700\charrsid7608157 Protection from Discrimination 
on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Sex and/or Gender Identity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs36\insrsid10827700 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs36\insrsid10827700\charrsid11737987 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs36\insrsid10827700 A Submission from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs36\insrsid10827700\charrsid11737987  Bishops, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs36\insrsid10827700 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs36\insrsid10827700\charrsid11737987 Dioceses and Agencies of the Catholic Church}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs36\insrsid10827700 
\par 
\par 10 December 2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs36\insrsid10827700\charrsid11737987 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Introductory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 bservations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-578\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3430495\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 The Catholic Church is deeply committed to the defence of human dignity and the human rights of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 every person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 . This commitment is demonstrated by the efforts of the Church to protect and promote the rights of people around the globe against political oppression and other forms of injustice, and by the Church\rquote 
s defence of the poorest and most vulnerable in societies like our own. The Church\rquote s commitment to human rights is based on the inherent and inalienable dignity of every human person, which also provides
 the foundation for respect for human rights in international law and in every significant United Nations human rights instrument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2638921\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-578\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3430495\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 The Church defends the right of every human being to be tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 eated justly. No one, including}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  people dealing with issues }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 associated with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 sexual orientation or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 sex or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 gender identity, should be subject }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  unjust discrimination or vilification. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 Individuals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  should be treated with \'93respe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ct, compassion and sensitivity\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  and \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 very sign of unjust discrimination in (this) regard should be avoided\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid14503024 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid14503024  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
Catechism of the Catholic Church}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 2358.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-578\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
ºÚÁÏÇ鱨վ Act 1986 (Cth)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 ), the ºÚÁÏÇ鱨վ (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 ) is responsible fo
r the promotion and protection of the human rights in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 Australia. Among }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 the international }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700 instruments annexed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  to the Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350 International Covenant o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350  Civil and Political Rights (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350 ICCPR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14503024 International Labor Organisation Convention (No.111) Concerning Discrimination in respect of Employment and Occupation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 ILO 111}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 ). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
he Commission is obliged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 to actively promote and protect not only the right of all people to equality before the la
w without discrimination, but also to actively promote and protect the right of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 every individual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
 without discrimination to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid12203953  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 This bears restating }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 in the light of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  the Commission\rquote s consultation on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Freedom of Religio
n and Belief in the 21st Century}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  at times }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 seemed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 to suggest that religious freedom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 compatible with human rights, or acts as an impediment to other rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12203953 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid15038528 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid15038528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid15038528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid12670830 In a conference paper presented in August 2009, Tom Calma }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 
(at that time the Commissioner overseeing the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid12670830  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 religious freedom consultation) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid12670830 and Conrad Gershevitch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700  stated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid12670830 \'93The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid12670830 compatibility of religious freedom with human rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid12670830  is the subject of the most comprehensive study ever undertaken in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 Australia in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid12670830 this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700  area . . . .\'94 (our emphasis). Tom Calma & Conrad}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid12670830  Gershevitch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 , \'93
Freedom of Religion and Belief in a Multicultural Democracy: an inherent contradiction or an achievable human right?\'94. Paper presented to the Unity in Diversity Conference, Townsville, 12-14 August 2009. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid12670830  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 Another}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  example}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 
 is found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  in Part 7 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid12670830 Freedom of Religion and Belief in the 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\super\insrsid10827700\charrsid12670830 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid12670830  Century}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 , which refers to \'93
tensions between human rights, religious expression and cultural expression\'94 and poses questions which include, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 , \'93How can faith communities be inclusive of people of diverse sexualities? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700  (at p.14).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par The Fundamental H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 uman }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 ight to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f1\insrsid10827700 Freedom of T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 hought, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 onscience and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 eligion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3936275\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-578\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16329122\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
The fundamental right to religious freedom is expressed in Catholic teaching as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16329122\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16329122\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \'93
The right to the exercise of freedom, especially in moral and religious matters is an inalienable requirement of the dignity of the human person.  This right must be recognized and protected by civil authority within the limits of the common good and publ
ic order.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\i\f1\super\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid15038528 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700\charrsid15038528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid6892859 Catechism of the Catholic Church}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700  n.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid6892859  1738.}
}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16329122\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3699689 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 5.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-578\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13205050\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3699689 The Church\rquote 
s teaching on religious freedom is entirely consistent with the beliefs and values set out in the major international human rights instruments, and also with the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3699689 recognition of religious freedom in section 116 of the Australian Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4146026\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid15038528 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid15038528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Section 116 of the Australian Constitution states that: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6384635 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \'93The Commonwealth shall not make any law for establishing any religion, or for imposing any religious observance, or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
for prohibiting the free exercise of any religion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 , and no religious test shall be required as a qualification for any office or publ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid10827700 ic trust under the Commonwealth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 (our emphasis)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid10827700 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3699689   International human rights instruments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6491554\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid4146026 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid4146026 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700  For example, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid4146026 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid4146026 he Universal Dec
laration of Human Rights 1948; the Convention against Discrimination in Education 1960; the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966; the International Convention on
 the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1966; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid4146026 
he United Nations Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700  the Elimination of all Forms of Religious I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid4146026 
ntolerance 1997; and the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief 1981.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3699689 
 together with law and public policy in Australia, also recognise the right of parents to educate their children (or to have them educated) according to their religious and moral beliefs and traditions.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li142\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin142\itap0\pararsid4218092\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 6.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-578\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6491554\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 The right to practic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
e and publicly manifest religious belief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 is protected by Article 18 of the ICCPR.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 It is important to note that Article 18 of the ICCPR expressly recognises \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 the rights of parents \'93
to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own convictions\'94 as a particular manifestation of religious freedom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s5\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6491554 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs26\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f224\fs26\lang1033\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\b0\i0\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid592556 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\fs20\insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid592556  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\insrsid10827700\charrsid10833336 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\i0\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\insrsid10827700\charrsid614546 rticle 18 of the ICCPR provides that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\fs20\cf19\lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6491554 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\insrsid10827700\charrsid614546 \'931. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right shall include freedom
 to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice, and freedom, either individually or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching.\'94 
\par 2. No one shall be subject to coercion which would impair his freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice. 
\par 3. Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\insrsid10827700 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f224\fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 
The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to have respect for the liberty of parents and, when applicable, legal guardians to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own convictions}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948  (our emphasis).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\insrsid10827700\charrsid6491554  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 .
 This means the state has no right to determine the content of the moral education of children in a way that subverts the rights of parents. One of the major reasons that the state must respect, and the law must protect, the right of Catholic and other re
l
igious schools to select staff and volunteers and to teach in accordance with the doctrines, beliefs and tenets of their faith, is because these schools exist to assist parents in exercising their rights and discharging their responsibilities as the prima
ry educators of their children.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid1079630 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1079630\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid1079630 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid6491554 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 7.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-578\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6491554\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid6491554 Religious freedom, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 including the right of parents to determine the religious and moral education of their children, is a fundamental human right;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid6491554 so fundamental that the ICCPR (which has been ratified by Australia), provides that it cannot be suspended or limited, even \'93in time of public emergency which threatens the life of the nation\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6491554 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid4146026 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid4146026  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 ICCPR, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Article 4 provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f41\fs20\cf19\insrsid10827700\charrsid1464552 \~
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6491554 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14430865 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14430865 . In time of public emergency which threatens the life of the nation and the existence of which i
s officially proclaimed, the States Parties to the present Covenant may take measures derogating from their obligations under the present Covenant to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation, provided that such measures are not inco
nsistent with their other obligations under international law and do not involve discrimination solely on the ground of race, colour, sex, language, religion or social origin. 
\par 2. No derogation from articles 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14509988 [right to life]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14430865 , 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14509988 [prohibition of torture]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14430865 , 8 (paragraphs I and 2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14509988 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700 prohibition of slavery]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14430865 , 11, 15, 16 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700 
[right to be recognised as a person before the law] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14430865 and 18 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700 
[right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14430865 may be made under this provision. 
\par 3. Any State Party to the present Covenant availing itself of the right of derogation shall immediately inform the other States Parties to the present Covenant, through the intermediary of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, of the provisions fro
m which it has derogated and of the reasons by which it was actuated. A further communication shall be made, through the same intermediary, on the date on which it terminates such derogation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14430865 \'94}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid6491554  This no-derogation provision does not apply to other important 
rights usually identified as being at the heart of a free society, including the rights to equal treatment under the law and to be protected from discrimination on various grounds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid3356086 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 . ICCPR, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Article 26.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid6491554 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11430137\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 8.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4218092\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 Like all rights, freedom of religion is not absolut
e and is subject to limitations prescribed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 by law as \'93
necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3085766 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3356086 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 ICCPR,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Article 18.3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 
 In the context of the discussion paper, and particularly its implications for religious freedom, we consider that the Commission should be guided by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 
Siracusa Principles on the Limitation and Derogation Provisions in the ICCPR (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 Siracusa Principles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 ), re
cognised in September 1984 by the United Nations Economic and Social Council, U.N. Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11430137 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid15038528 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid15038528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
United Nations, Economic and Social Council, UN Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
Siracusa Principles on the Limitation and Derogation of Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 , Annex, UN Doc E/CN.4/1984 (1984).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs34\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4218092\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 9.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4218092\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 The Resolution adopted by the United Nations General Assemb
ly on the Elimination of all Forms of Religious Intolerance on 12 December 1997, recalls Article 18 of the ICCPR and urges member States to, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 , ensure through their constitutional and legal systems, adequate and effective guarantees of freedom of thought, conscience, religion and belief and effective remedies where such rights are violated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700\charrsid7473233 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid7150989 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid7150989  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid7150989 
United Nations Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on the Elimination of all Forms of Religious Intolerance, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 12 December 1997}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 , }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Article 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4218092\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 10.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4218092\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 
Aside from ILO 111 which proscribes sexual preference discrimination in employment, Australia has not signed or ratified any international convention or covenant that specifically refers to \'93gay, lesbian, bisexual, trans or intersex\'94
 rights, or the elimination of discrimination against persons on grounds of \'93sexual orientation\'94 or \'93sex/gender identity\'94. The Yogyakarta Principles, described by the Commission in its discussion paper as \'93
an interpretation of already binding agreements from the viewpoint of sexual orientation and gender identity\'94,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700\charrsid7473233 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid7150989 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid7150989  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid14550228 
ºÚÁÏÇ鱨վ, \'93Sexual orientation and sex and/or gender identity\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700 Discussion Paper, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 October 2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 , at pp. 5-6.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092  have not been negotiated nor agreed to by member states of the United Nations but
 reflect the views of a small group of representatives from non-government organisations and members of the United Nations treaty monitoring committee. They are not included in the statutory schedule of international human rights instruments attached to t
he Act, which are meant to guide the Commission\rquote s work, and are not binding in international law. They are not in our view persuasive. As there is no international human rights treaty that mentions \'93sexual orientation\'94 or \'93
sex/gender identity\'94, it will be n
ecessary for the Commission to identify the binding agreements to which it refers in the discussion paper to clarify the basis for an exercise of the external affairs power in s51(xxix) of the Constitution, if this is the proposed basis for the Commonweal
th Government to enact any proposed legislation in this area. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 11.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
The teachings of the Catholic Church and international and Australian law give rise to a number of foundational principles and beliefs:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6892859\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1298\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1298\itap0\pararsid6892859\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 The right to religious freedom is grounded in respect fo
r human dignity;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
Individuals should not be forced to act in a manner contrary to their religious beliefs, nor should they be restrained from acting in accordance with their religious beliefs;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
Religious bodies have a right to demonstrate and teach the social relevance of their religious beliefs;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
Religious bodies have a right to manifest their religious beliefs by corporately establishing and maintaining institutions and services, and conducting them in accordance with those religious beliefs and values;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 e)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
Because the right to religious freedom is exercised within society, it ought to be subject to certain ordinary laws designed to safeguard justice and civility;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 f)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1298\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1298\itap0\pararsid15665504\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Governments do not have a right to command or inhibit }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 [religious belief a\ltrpar nd activity],}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  which are outside their proper competence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid3084366 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid3084366  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 NSW/ACT Catholic Bishops, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Statement on Religious Freedom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 , April 2001, at p.7.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6225930\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Foundations of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 eligious }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f1\insrsid10827700 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 reedom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\delrsid2166460\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 12.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
n short, religious freedom means that adherents of a religious tradition have the righ
t to bring their beliefs to public discussion, to argue for them on philosophical or religious grounds, and to try to persuade others, even when some of these beliefs may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
 not be popular or may collide with other ideas or values. Religious freedom also mean
s that when believers come together to provide a hospital or school or other service for the wider community, they have the right to operate it in accordance with the beliefs which led them to take on this work for others, and to appoint staff who share t
hese beliefs and commitments. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 13.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid10170724\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
Religious freedom is not a gift of the state. It is a fundamental human right which governments and human rights commissions are obliged to respect and protect, as they do other rights. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 xemptions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  allow (say) a Catholic 
school to appoint only Catholic teachers are not a special permission to discriminate, but a protection of religious freedom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 
, and the fundamental right of parents to determine the religious and moral education of their children.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  What it protects specifical
ly is the right of religious agencies to exercise a preference in selecting staff for people who share the convictions at the heart of the agency\rquote s work, and who consistently live out those convictions in public and private\emdash 
because that is what the agency depends on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 to meet the purposes it was created to serve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10170724 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s44 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\cf1\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 14.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s44\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls23\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15665504 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504 
This statement provides an important clarification of what the Catholic Church is seeking in this submission. The Church is not advocating the right to freedom of religious belief as an absolute righ
t of religious organisations and individuals to practise their beliefs regardless of any resultant physical or emotional harm to individuals, or injury to public health, safety and order, or the rights and freedoms of others. These qualifications are buil
t
 into the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion by Article 18.3 of the ICCPR and cannot be separated from it. The right to freedom of religious belief must be qualified, for example, in circumstances where religious belief or custom condone
s child marriage or female circumcision or the denial of proper education or medical treatment to children; circumstances in which an individual is brutalised and denied the right to self determination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs22\insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s44\qj \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15665504 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s44 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\cf1\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 15.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s44\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls23\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15665504 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504 The Catholic Church claims 
the right to protections of freedom of religious belief in any proposed legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 
 as part of defending the rights of all Australians who adhere to a faith tradition, including the millions of Australians who are Catholic. What this means in practical ter
ms for the Catholic community is that the law must respect its right to select for employment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504 
and accept as volunteers in its organisations and agencies people who are practising Catholics. A practising Catholic is someone who accepts Catholic faith and te
aching, and in the way they live and the choices they make, upholds the beliefs, doctrines and tenets of the Church and bears witness to them. These criteria are the same for everyone, including Catholics who are of non-heterosexual orientation or transge
nder or transsexual.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s44\qj \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15665504 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s44 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\cf1\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 16.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s44\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls23\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4740752 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid15665504 
The right to prefer practising Catholics as employees or volunteers in Catholic agencies does not diminish the right of anyone, including people of different sexualities or who are transgender, from obtaining gainful employment outside
 the Catholic Church. Nor does it in anyway detract from the commitment of the Church to provide care to any person in need regardless of their sexuality or sex- or gender identity. Protections for religious freedom in this context do not require qualific
ation. The greater and more real the choice given to people to gain employment in non-religious agencies and to parents and children to choose non-religious schools, the less constrained protections for religious freedom should be.  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-1079\li1079\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1079\itap0\pararsid4740752\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 17.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 It is formally submitt
ed that the language which characterises protections of religious freedom in anti-discrimination legislation as \'93exemptions\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 does not accurately reflect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  the purpose they are meant to serve. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 Characterising}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
 these protections as exemptions or exceptions encourages the profoundly mistaken view that religious freedom is merely a favour granted by the state or a special permission to discriminate, rather than a fundamental human right. This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 mistaken understanding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 is reflected in the clear tendency to apply existing religious freedom protections very narrowly or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 only to the most limited extent necessary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 
as if they are merely concessions to an institution rather than what is required to protect the fundamental rights of the individuals it serves.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 18.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 In accordance with the requirements of international human rights instruments and the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 guidance offered by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
Siracusa Principles, existing provisions for the protection of religious freedom should be given an expansive reading to take into account the indivisibility of f
aith and service for Christians (and other people of faith), and their right to organise and provide services to the wider community in accordance with their religious and moral beliefs. They should also be construed to acknowledge the necessity of a broa
der}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762  environment of witness among the staff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 and volunteers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
of religious agencies to maintain the inspiration and commitment which makes their services to the community possible. This is why Catholic agencies must be free in employing staff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 and accepting volu
nteers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 to prefer practising and faithful Catholics even in support roles, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
and not just in roles directly concerned with pastoral work or the teaching of religion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 19.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4218092\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 In any new legislation in this area, exemptions should be described as \'93
protections of religious freedom\'94. Consideration should also be given to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  including in new legislation a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
 general provision which expressly states that nothing in the legislation is intended to impede or diminish religious freedom, or the right of religious agencies to practise and publicly manifest their beliefs and teachings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Catholic Belief and Teaching on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 20.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-644\li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 
The Church respects and defends the dignity and rights of all persons regardless of sexual orientation. The teaching of the Church on family and sexuality is well known and does not require detailed exposition in this submission. In brief, sexual compleme
n
tarity, love and procreation are all essential aspects of sexual intimacy. It is for this reason that Church teaching preserves sexual activity to marriage between a man and a woman. This can be a difficult teaching for people to accept because our societ
y
 has radically separated these three aspects of sexual intimacy from each other, but the teaching that they should be treated as an inseparable unity is reasonable. It is based not only on revelation but on reason, and is comprehensible to believers and n
on-believers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\pararsid6369560\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\cf9\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid15402295 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 21.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-644\li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15402295 
The growing body of evidence, both international and Australian, suggesting that non-heterosexual people experience anxiety and depression at higher rates than their heterosexual peers and are at greater risk of suicide and self-harm is a so
urce of serious pastoral concern. Two areas of particular need in relation to mental health and depression have been suggested: managing the effects of hostility and prejudice towards non-heterosexual people and its consequences on a daily basis through t
he life course; and gaining access to mental health services that are able to respond to their needs in socially and culturally competent ways.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid72289  \'93
Feeling Queer and Blue: A review of the literature on depression and related issues among gay, lesbian, bisexual and ot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 her homosexually active people.\'94
 A report from the Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, prepared for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700 beyond blue: the national depression initiative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 , December 2008.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15402295 The Catholic Church supports efforts to a
ddress both these factors, and offers non-heterosexual people support, compassion and respect, free from personal judgements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\pararsid6369560\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 22.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-644\li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 At the same time, in situations where issues }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700 associated with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620  sexual orientation might prevent a person from giving coherent witn
ess to Catholic teaching about sexuality, marriage, family, and the complementarity of male and female, or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 
a person chooses to act in a way which is inconsistent with this teaching, it may not be appropriate to offer them employment, or to continue their employment or to accept their service\ltrpar 
s as volunteers, in a Catholic agency. Particular concerns are likely to arise in the setting of a Catholic school, where students have a right to receive the teachings of the Church, including those on sexuality a
nd family, in their entirety, and to receive the witness of the teachers and staff at the school to these teachings, rather than having these teachings undermined by their teachers\rquote  contrary behaviour.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\pararsid6369560\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 23.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-644\li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 The Catholic Church approaches the questions of sex- 
and gender identity from the belief, drawn from revelation but also from the conclusions of philosophy and science, that men and women are created with distinct and complementary sexual identities; that sexual identity is ontological (that is, given, deep
-seated and permanent, rather than chosen, socially-invented or medically manufactured); and that this is founded in a biological reality of maleness and femaleness in every person, which is also the foundation of marriage and the family. (The }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 situation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620  is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 different in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 the rare case of an intersex person where it is not a matter of sexual orientation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 per se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620  but of a condition where an individual possesses anatomical features of both genders to an extent to which the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ir sexual identity is unclear). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 The Church\rquote s view of human sexual and gende}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 r identity is reasonable, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 
based not only on revelation but on reason }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 and medical science. Again it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620  is comprehensible to both believers and non-believers}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\pararsid6369560\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10250676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 24.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-644\li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 The Church is genuinely concerned that m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10250676 
any transgender and transsexual people experience a sense of alienation from their own bodies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\cf9\insrsid10827700\charrsid10250676 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 
nd difficulties with interpersonal relationships which can be a source of social isolation and emotional distress. According to the American Psychological Association, the transgendered suff
er from a higher than average rate of depression, anxiety, suicide and self-mutilation. Although transgender people experience the same kinds of mental health problems that non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 transgender people}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  suffer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 , the stigma, discrimination, and internal conflict th
at many transgender people experience may place them at increased risk for certain mental health problems. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 Unjust d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 iscrimination,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid13395673 lack}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 of social support, and inadequate access to care can exacerbate mental health problems in transgender people, while support from peers, family, and helping professionals may act as protective factors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs43\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs43\i\insrsid10827700\charrsid72289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs43\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 \'93Answers to your questions about transgender }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs43\insrsid10827700 individuals and gender identity}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs43\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 \'94 <<http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender. aspx#>>.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 
 Again, the Catholic Church is responsive to the suffering endured by many transgender and transsexual people and committed to offering any person who is working through issues of sex- and gender identity our care,
 compassion and respect, free from personal judgements. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\pararsid6369560\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 25.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-644\li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 At}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  time, there may be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 situations where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
issues associated with gender identity might prevent a person from giving}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620  coherent witness to Catholic teaching about inherent sexual identity based on one\rquote 
s physical sex, the permanence of gender, and the complementarity of male and female, and the nature of marriage and the family}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620  or }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 where a person chooses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620  to act in a way which is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
inconsistent with this teaching. In these situations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620  it m
ay not be appropriate to offer them employment, or to continue their employment, or accept their services as volunteers in a Catholic agency. Particular concerns are likely to arise, for example, in the setting of a Catholic school, where students have a 
r
ight to receive the teachings of the Church, including those on sexuality and the body, in their entirety, and to receive the witness of the teachers and staff at the school to these teachings, rather than having these teachings undermined by their teache
rs\rquote  contrary behaviour. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 Depending upon the precise circumstances, however, particular care should be taken to avoid unjust discrimination against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620 people with a medical}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ly diagnosed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid7606620  intersex condition or gender }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700 identity disorder.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid10707262 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid10707262 . According to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\kerning36\insrsid10827700\charrsid10707262 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid10707262 DSM-IV-TR), the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in Australia, the diagnostic criteria for Gender Identity Disorder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid10707262 are:  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid10707262 
 A strong and persistent cross-gender identification (not merely a desire for any perceived cultural advantages of being the other sex); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid10707262  Persistent discomfort with his or her sex or sense of inappropriateness in the gender role of that sex; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid10707262  The disturbance is not concurrent with a physical intersex condition; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid10707262  The }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid10707262 
isturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\pararsid6369560\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 26.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-644\li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
The Catholic Church does not impose it values and beliefs on anyone, and everyone is free to accept or reject them as they see fit. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
Expecting the law to protect religious freedom does not require the state to endorse a religious communit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
 or its particular beliefs or values, or to impose them on people who do not share their faith. Nor should support for protecting vulnerable people from unjust discrimination and vilification be made to conflict with the requirements of religious }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 freedom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 , or the historic understanding of marriage, family and sexual complementarity. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  Catholic community expects go
vernment to honour religious freedom and acknowledge the right of the Catholic Church to promote its beliefs and to establish and operate educational, cultural, charitable and social organisations which give expression to those religious purposes and beli
efs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-284\li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12267823\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 Treatment of Protections f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 or Religious Freedom (Exemptions) 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 nder Current Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 27.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 Parliaments in Australia have usually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
accepted that laws against discrimination on certain grounds can create significant threats to the independence of religious communities and their freedom to organise their affairs in accordance with their doctrines, tenets, beliefs and teachings.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14751161\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3548841 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 28.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid3611170\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3548841 Accordingly, at both State and Federal level, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 anti-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3548841 discrimination laws make some provision to protect religious freedom, usually described as \'93exemptions\'94 or \'93exceptions\'94
, most of which relate to employment matters.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  While s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 116 of the Australian Constitutio
n prohibits the Commonwealth Parliament from making any law that \'93prohibits the free exercise of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 religion\'94,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\ql \li0\ri0\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs26\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f222\fs26\cf17\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 .   See the judgment of Latham CJ in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 Adelaide Company of Jehovah\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid3611170  Witnesses, Inc. V Commonwealth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 
(1943) 67 CLR 122\endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 134}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092  and of Rich J at p.149}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid4218092 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 ee also discussion of  freedom of religious belief in the joint judgment of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 Mason ACJ and Brennan J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid3611170 Church of the New Faith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid3611170  v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid3611170 Commissioner of Pay-Roll Tax (Vic)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 \'93
Scientology case\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 ) [1983] HCA 40; (1983) 154 CLR 120 (27 October 1983)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700  at pars 3\endash }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 5, in which the High Court granted special leave to appeal against a decision of the Supreme Court of Victoria that the Church of Scientology was not a religion.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700  Their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033  Honours said:  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s2\ql \li720\ri0\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4218092 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 \'936. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 Should special leave be granted in order to consider that question? Two ci
rcumstances combine to give an affirmative answer: the legal importance of the concept of religion and the paucity of Australian authority. Freedom of religion, the paradigm freedom of conscience, is of the essence of a free society. The chief function in
 the law of a definition of religion is to mark out an area within which a person subject to the law is free to believe and to act in accordance with his belief without legal restraint. Such a definition affects the scope and operation of }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/s116.html"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid3611170 
s. 116}}}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid3611170  of the }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid3611170 Constitution}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 
 and identifies the subject matters which other laws are presumed not to intend to affect. Religion is thus a concept of fundamental importance to the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 \'94}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  the Commission\rquote s discussion paper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 and the research paper on which it is based,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid8721802 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 .  Anna Chapman, \'93Protection from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender and/or sex identity in Australia\'94, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid2059694 Research Paper,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 University of Melbourne, October 2010, at pp.14 \endash  16.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 make only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 passing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
 reference to the current protections for religious belief in anti-discrimination legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700 The discussion paper states}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3611170\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1418\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid3611170\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 It is important to note that anti-discrimination legislation is remedial in character, and is designed to achieve the public purpose of redressing discrimination an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f1\insrsid10827700 d upholding equal opportunity. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Accordingly, the courts interpret exemptions narrowly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 .\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid8721802 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10827700\charrsid16210701 Ibid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid15616871 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 n.12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid14550228 at p.12.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid10297011\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 This treats }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 the rights to freedom of thought, conscience and religion and to the elimination of discrimination on grounds of religion as impediments to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 preventing discrimination. }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4357957 
This is inherently contradictory because it implies that preventing discrimination and promoting equality before the law requires discrimination against some people on the grounds of their religious beliefs (by narrowly construing the \'93exemptions\'94
 which are meant to protect their rights, and so limiting their right to act in accordance with their religious beliefs).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li502\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\pararsid3611170\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid8721802 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3548841 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 29.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3548841 
There are two exceptions protecting religious freedom which are of particular importance to the Catholic }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 community}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3548841 
, and which are contained in most }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 anti-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3548841 
discrimination legislation. Despite some differences in wording and variation in coverage, they can be summarised as the \'93inherent requirements\'94 and the \'93religious susceptibilities\'94 exceptions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s44\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700  for example}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Discrimination Act 1991 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 (ACT) s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 33(1); }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Equal Opportunity Act 1984 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 (WA) s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 73(1); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Equal Opportunity Act 1995 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 (Vic) s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 76}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 ; s52 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 Anti-Discrimina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3952989 tion Act 1991}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700  (Tas). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Note}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700  that s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 77 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 
Equal Opportunity Act 1995 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 (Vic) also makes lawful }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 discrimination by a person against another person if the discrimination is necessary for the first person to comply with the person\rquote s genuine religious beliefs or principles.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs19\insrsid10827700 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Some jurisdictions also include a requirement that the religious}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 
 body or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 organisation is acting in good faith:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs45\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 ee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Discrimination Act 1991 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 (ACT) s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 33; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 
Equal Opportunity Act 1984 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 (WA) s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 73; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 (Qld) s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 25(3).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3548841  In some legislation, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 religious susceptibilities}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3548841 
 exception takes the form of a broader }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 protection for religious freedom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3548841  under the legislation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s44\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 (NSW) s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 56(d) which contains a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 general}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 protection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  for religious bodies and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs45\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 (NSW) ss
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 25(3)(c), 38C(3)(c), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 40(3)(c), 49D(3)(c), 49ZH(3)(c) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 respectively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  providing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 protections}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  for private educational authorities}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 .  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3548841  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15469813\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 30.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid10510881\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 The exemptions and exceptions provided in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700 anti-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 discrimination legislation should be interpreted broadly so as to provide full protection to the fundamental human}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700  right to freedom of religion. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
However, increasingly, these exemptions have been interpreted narrowly by courts and tribunals, particularly in cases about employment within Catholic organisations providing services in education, health care and social services. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
imitations to religious freedom have increasingly been imposed by narrowing the categories of employment to which the religious susceptibilities and inherent requirements exceptions can be applied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Case example}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid10827700 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3412709 
Kerry Anne Hozack v The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3412709 [1997] FCA 1300}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid16544062 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2325851 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740 
Ms Hozack was employed by the Church as a part-time receptionist. Part of her employment contract stated that she must live by the Church\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 teachings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740  to prove her worthiness for the position. The Church later discovered that Ms Hozack had been having }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 a relationship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740  with another man during her separation from her husband. She was warned that if it did not cease she would be excommunicated from the Church and most likely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740 lose her job. She was given three weeks to consider her options and was called before the Church\rquote 
s Disciplinary Council, where she admitted that the relationship had ceased but not on account of the Church\rquote s warning. 
\par Consequently Ms Hozack was \'93disfellowshipped\'94 for a year and hence was no longer \'93Temple-worthy\'94. Shortly after, Ms Hozack was told that due to the fact that she was no longer \'93Temple-worthy\'94
 she was in breach if her contract of employment and her employment was terminated. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2325851 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740 Ms Hozack made an application for unlawful termination u
nder the former }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740 Workplace Relations Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740 
 on the grounds that she had been discriminated against on the grounds of her religion. The Federal Court found that due to Ms Hozack\rquote s affiliation with the Church it was likely tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 
t her conduct would offend the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740 
religious susceptibilities of other members of the Church community, and hence the termination was valid in that regard. However, the Court found that Ms Hozack\rquote s failure to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740 Temple-worthy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740 
 did not prevent her from performing the inherent requirements of her position}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740 
 because as a part-time receptionist she was not in a position in which her lifestyle could influence others within the Church.  For example, she was not in leadership or teaching role in which it would be expected that she would m}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 odel the values of the Church. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740 The termination was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740 therefore held to be unlawful.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2325851 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Case example}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs20\insrsid10827700 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid14771417 Griffin  v  Catholic Education Office, Archdiocese of Sydney (1998) HREOC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid14771417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2325851 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 
Ms Griffin alleged that the decision of the Catholic Education Office of the Archdiocese of Sydney (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid14771417 the CEO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 to refuse her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700  application }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 for classification as a teacher in Catholic schools in the Archdiocese}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 was discriminatory on the grounds of sexual preference. As a result of the refusal she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 ould not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923  be employed in schools administered by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 CEO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 . In its response to the Commission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 the solicitors for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 the CEO }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 rovided the following reasons for rejecting Ms Griffin\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 : \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 In considering her application, our client was aware of Ms Griffin\rquote 
s high profile as a co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 
convenor of the Gay and Lesbian Teachers and Students Association and her public statements on lesbian lifestyles. It is an inherent requirement that teachers within the Sydney Catholic School System strive by their teaching and personal example to develo
p in students an appreciation and acceptance of Catholic teaching and values. Ms Griffin\rquote s prominent public stance on the question of homosexual rights and behaviour is contrary to the teachings and values of the Catholic Church}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 \'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid14771417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 The CEO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923  took the view that
 the employment of Ms Griffin within the Catholic School}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 System would be likely to injure the religious susceptibilit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 ies}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923  of adherents to the Catholic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 faith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923  and in particular students within that system who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 , as explained above, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid14771417 have the right to receive the witness of the teachers and staff at their school to Catholic teaching, rather than having these teachings undermined by their teachers\rquote 
 contrary behaviour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 The complainant submitted, in summary, that her sexual preference was improperly taken}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 into account by the CEO in assessing her application for classification as a teacher in}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 Catholic schools in the Archdiocese of Sydney.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 CEO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923  submitted, in summary, that its decision to refuse the complainant\rquote 
s application for classification was based on her inability to meet the inherent requirements of the job. The CEO stated that the inherent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 equirements of the job are best enunciated in the Principles of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 Employment which provide that a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 Catholic school is more than an educational institution: it is a key part o
f the Catholic Church's mission. Thus, the teacher in the Catholic school is more than an employee: he or she ministers in the name of the Catholic Church}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700 \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700\charrsid12982923 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10827700   The Commission rejected the CEO\rquote 
s argument that Ms Griffin\rquote s openly lesbian lifestyle prevented her from performing the inherent requirements of the job.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid3219740   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid14771417 See also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid4141352  OV & OW v Members of the Board of the Wesley Mission Council }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid4141352 [2010] NSWCA 155 (6 July 2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700 . 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2325851 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2325851 This decision of the NSW Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 remitted some rulings concerning the application of protections for religious freedom under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 (NSW)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3091683 ADA NSW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 
to the Equal Opportunity Division of the Administrative Decisions Tribunal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3091683 ADT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 for reconsideration. The Court of Appeal ruled that, in considering }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 whether the conduct of the Wesley Mission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 declining to consider the application of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033  homosexual couple to become foster carers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 s conduct necessary to avoid injury to the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid4141352 \~religious susceptibilities}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2703033  adherents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 ,
 the ADT must have regard to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid16064527 the doctrines and tenets of the Wesleyan tradition to which Wesley Mission adheres (rather than those of a generic or omnibus \'93Christianity\'94
 which the ADT used when it first heard the case)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid16064527 The Court also ruled that while}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700  the protection for church agencies in appointing staff under s56(c) of ADA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 NSW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 
 does not extend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid16064527  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 to the appointment of foster carers,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2556287  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 the meaning of \'93appointment\'94 under this section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2556287 
should not be read narrowly and \'93limited [only] to functions or capacities relating to religion\'94 or \'93functions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700  having a religious character\'94.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10510881 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 31.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 e narrow interpretation of the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 religious susceptibilities exception has been supported by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
 artificial separation between private and public life and the arbitrary distinctions drawn between so called \'93core activities\'94 or \'93non-core activities\'94 of the religion concerned. These distinctions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700 have the effect of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  unjustly limit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
 the right of church organisations to exercise a preference in the employment of staff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 and the selection of volunteers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
for those who believe and live in accordance with the teachings of the Church. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 32.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
An example of the core activities/non-core activities distinction is the frequently made argument that only r\ltrpar eligious education coordinators and teachers of religion in a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  Catholic s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 chool perform a religious activity, and so have to be faithful practising Catholics.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 In this way, the government and the judiciary define what is required for individual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
s and communities to live out their faith, and excise what they consider to be not essential \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 an area of decision-making clearly outside their competence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  As the Catholic Bishops of NSW/ACT observed in 2001:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx142\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15736763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \'93Any claim by non-religious ag
encies to make decisions about the nature of religious bodies and about the relationship between religious beliefs and practices is inappropriate.  A civil authority moves beyond its area of competence when it attempts to judge what is or is not relevant 
to the practice of religion.  Religious freedom means nothing if secular bodies are able to determine what does and does not constitute religious practice.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\i\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid8721802 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid8721802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 NSW/ACT Catholic Bishops, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid933598 Statement on Religious Freedom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 n.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid933598  at p.8}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4860223\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 33.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
For Catholics and Christians in general (along with believers from other traditions) faith is lived out in service to others. Private devotion and p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ublic service are indivisible: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li502\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin502\itap0\pararsid6225930\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1440\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8721802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 The core/non-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 core distinction reflects a misunderstanding of the nature an
d mission of certain religious bodies whose distinguishing qualities must be seen in the context of a particular religious culture and ethos. All those who choose to work in a religious organisation have a significant responsibility to maintain the religi
ous integrity of the organisation. It is a reality that individuals have an impact on the culture of their organisations and also represent the organisation and the Church to the wider community in a variety of ways.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f1\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 It is a reasonable expectation by religi
ous organisations that those who choose to work in them do not compromise or injure by word or action those religious and moral principles from which the agencies derive their foundational beliefs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid8721802 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid14441038  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid14441038 Ibid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid14441038 at p.9}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid15936586 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 34.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-578\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15936586 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15936586 Religious freedom includes the freedom to live in accordance with one\rquote 
s beliefs in all areas of life; not just in private but in public activities and engagements as well. The notion that religion is a private and personal matter that should not be expressed publicly is incoherent because no h
uman being lives this way. It is also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 discriminatory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15936586 
, because it places religious people in the position of having to justify their participation in the public domain. How a person lives away from their work or other areas of public activity can have a bea
ring on the witness they provide in their work for a Catholic agency. It is not a matter of intruding into the private lives of individuals, but when some private behaviours become publicly manifest they can raise questions about the suitability or approp
r
iateness of a person continuing in a certain role (such as that of a judge, a politician or even a sportsperson). It is the same when it comes to employment or volunteering in a religious agency. The strength or weakness of adherence and commitment to the
 Catholic faith among the staff of an agency determines the strength or weakness of the religious culture or ethos of that agency, and the quality and character of the services it provides.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15936586 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid15936586 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 35.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-578\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15936586 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15936586 To provide an example, in anti-discrimination case law 
support staff or outdoor and maintenance staff in a Catholic school are treated differently from teaching staff because it is argued that the roles they perform do not place them in a position in which their lifestyle can influence others; whereas those i
n a leadership or teaching role are expected to model the values of the Church and must therefore adhere to Church teaching in both their public and private life.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid15074590 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid15074590  See n.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid8156846 22}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid15074590 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15936586  But Catholic schools exist to provide an integral Catholic education to their students, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\cf1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 in accordance with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 the right of parents to determine the religious and moral education of their children.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid15936586  They are built and maintained by the Catholic community, which provides significant funding for them. The parents, students and the Church 
community have the right to expect that the principals, leaders, teachers and other staff of the school will teach and live in accordance with the teachings of the Church as part of providing an integral Catholic education, which is the purpose for which 
the school was founded and why parents entrust their children to it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s44\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 The only Australian jurisdictions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  expressly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid12457 protect the freedom of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 
 religious schools to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 exercise a preference for practising adherents of their faith in the selection of staff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 are Tasmania and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Northern Territory. In Tasmania, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid8465125 Anti-Discrimination Act 1998 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 
(Tas) at s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid8465125 51}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700  protects the exercise of such a preference as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  lawful if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 the par
ticipation of the person in the observance or practice of a particular religion is a genuine occupational qualification or requirement in relation to the employment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 \'94,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  or if it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 is in order to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 enable, or better enable, the educational institution to be conducted in accordance with the tenets, beliefs, teachings, principles or practices}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  according to which it is conducted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs45\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 In the Northern Territory, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 under }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid5851744 s37A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid5851744   of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid5851744 Anti-Discrimination Act 1992 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid5851744 (NT)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 exercise of such a preference}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  need not be in furtherance of an occupational requirement to be lawful, but it must be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 in good faith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 \'94 and in order to \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 avoid offending the religious sensitivities of people of the particular religion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs48\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid5851744 ;}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15936586 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s32 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 36.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s32\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15936586 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 As set out at paragraphs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 12-19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  above, protections for religious freedom sh
ould be expanded in discrimination law to protect the right of religious organisations and individuals to freely practise and manifest their beliefs, including in the services they provide to the wider community. Existing protections (exemptions and excep
tions) should be construed expansively, and the restrictive definitions of what is necessary to meet the \'93inherent requirements\'94 and \'93religious susceptibilities\'94
 exceptions which currently apply should be broadened to take account of the reality of what makes Christian service to the community possible in the first place. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 37.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15936586\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 Existing models which provide }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350 broad }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 protection for religious freedom in their wording include: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350 section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 s 75, 76 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350  77 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350 Equal Opportunity Act 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f1\insrsid10827700 95}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350  (Vic)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350 , s37 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350 
Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth.) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350 and s56 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350 Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar
\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid4591008 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid4591008  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 56 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\insrsid10827700 Anti-Discrimination }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid4463139 Act 1977 (NSW)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700  and s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 37 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
 are in similar terms and provide:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid11604654 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid4591008 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 
Nothing in this Act affects:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid11604654 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2325851 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 (a) the ordination or appointment of priests, ministers of religion or members of any religious order,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid11604654 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 (b) the training or education of persons seeking ordination or appointment as priests, ministers of religion or members of a religious order,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid11604654 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 (c) the appointment of any other person in any capacity by a body established to propagate religion, or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid11604654 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 (d) any other act or practice of a body established to propagate religion that conforms to the doctrines of that religion or is necessary to avoid injur
y to the religious susceptibilities of the adherents of that religion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10827700 \'94}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268 ADA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268 (NSW)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350 as well as the exceptions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 provided for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350 private educational authorities in that Act }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 concerning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350  the grounds of sex (s25(3)(c)), transgender (s38C(3)(c)), marital status (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350 40(3)(c)) and homosexuality (s49ZH(3)(c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4403350 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s44\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 See also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Anti-Discrimination Act 1992 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 (NT) s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 37;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs45\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Equal Opportunity Act 1984 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 (SA) s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 50(2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700  in relation to sexuality}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700 \tab }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  As discussed above, how these protections are interpreted and applied by courts and tribunals is another question.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s32 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 38.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s32\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15936586 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
Section 77 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Equal Opportunity Act 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700 95}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  (Vic)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 provides:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\ql \fi-850\li1530\ri0\sb120\widctlpar\tqr\tx680\wrapdefault\nooverflow\faroman\outlinelevel2\rin0\lin1530\itap0\pararsid8323342 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc240336920}\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\insrsid10827700\charrsid8323342 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\i\f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid8323342 {\*\bkmkend _Toc240336920}Nothing in Part 3 applies to discrimination by a per
son against another person if the discrimination is necessary for the first person to comply with the person's genuine religious beliefs or principles.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\b0\i\f1\fs22\super\insrsid10827700\charrsid8323342 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid4591008 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 . Part 3 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760 Equal Opportunity Act 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700 95}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid3297760  (Vic)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
 contains provisions defining all the areas in which discrimination is prohibited under the Act including employment, employment-related areas, education, the provision of goods, services and disposal of land, accommodation, clubs, club membership, sport 
and local government. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 
The breadth of this exemption in relation to discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity and marital status will remain with the commencement of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 
Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (Vic)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 in August 2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid8323342 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s32\ql \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid552332 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid11236217\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 {\*\bkmkstart _GoBack}{\*\bkmkend _GoBack}
Unfortunately, in Victoria, courts and tribunals have made determinations of their own limiting the extent to which protection for religious freedom is available under this provision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\ql \li0\ri0\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs26\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f222\fs26\cf17\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  See for example,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid10954005 
 Cobaw Community Health Services v Christian Youth Camps Ltd & Anor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 (Anti-Discrimination) [2010] VCAT 1613 (8 October 2010). }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 39.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15936586\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 In addition to providing protections for religious freedom in these sorts of broad terms, 
anti-discrimination legislation should also stipulate expressly that it is the religious body or organisation concerned which determines the \'93inherent requirements\'94
 of employment in a church agency (including volunteer roles), along with the acts and practices that are necessary to comply with its religious beliefs or principles or to \'93avoid injury to the religious susceptibilities\'94
 of its adherents. To maintain the separation of church and state, courts and tribunals should not be determining what is and is not in accordance with a religious organisation\rquote 
s stated religious doctrines, tenets, beliefs and teachings. This determination should be left to the religious organisation itself.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5323035\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10954005\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10954005 Anti-vilification }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10954005 aws and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10954005 
eligious }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10954005 reedom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10954005 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 40.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15936586\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 Anti-vilification provisions currently exist in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Racial Discrimination Act 1977 (Cth)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid12007221 RDA}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid12007221 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  state anti-discrimination legislation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid10954005 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/rda1975202/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\i\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 Racial Discrimination Act }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 1975}}}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 
 (Cth) }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/rda1975202/index.html" \\l "p2a"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 
Part IIA}}}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  (racial hatred); }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/aa1977204/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\i\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 Anti-Discrimination Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 1977}}}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  (NSW) }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/aa1977204/index.html" \\l "p2"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 Part 2}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  Division 3A (racial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 vilification);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/aa1977204/index.html" \\l "p3a"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 Part 3A}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  Division 5 (transgender }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 \~vilification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 ); }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPE
RLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/aa1977204/index.html" \\l "p4c"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 Part 4C}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  Division 4 (homosexuality }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 vilification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 ), }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/aa1977204/index.html" \\l "p4f"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 Part 4F}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  (HIV/AIDS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 vilif
ication}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 ); }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/rarta2001265/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\i\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 Racial and Religious Tolerance Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 2001}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  (Vic) (racial and religious }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 vilification)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 ; }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/qld/consol_act/aa1991204/"}
}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\i\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 Anti-Discrimination Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 1991}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  (Qld) }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/qld/consol_act/aa1991204/s124a.html"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 s124A}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  (racial and religious}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
, sexuality and gender identity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 vilification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 ); }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/consol_act/aa1998204/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\i\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 Anti-Discrimination Act }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 1998}}}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 
 (Tas) }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/consol_act/aa1998204/s19.html"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 s19}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 
 (inciting hatred on the grounds of race, disability, sexual orientation, lawful sexual activity, religious belief or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 
activity); }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/da1991164/"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\i\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 
Discrimination Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 1991}}}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  (ACT) }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/da1991164/index.html" \\l "p6"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 Part 6}}}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  (racial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 , sexuality and HIV/AIDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 vilification)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 \~}{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/rva1996176/"}
}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\i\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 Racial Vilification Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 1996}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  (SA) }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/rva1996176/s4.html"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 s4}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  (racial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 \~
vilification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 ).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  The Victorian Parliament has enacted the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 
Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 (Vic)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 RRTA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
) to deal specifically with vilification on the grounds of race and religious belief or activity. The aim of the legislation is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4352421 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 strike }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  balance between the right to express one\rquote s views in a robust fashion}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  the obligation to ensure that what is said or done does not vilif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 y others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4352421 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  Hatred and violence directed towards any person, whether in word or action, is repugnant and completely unacceptable and it is acknowledged that the 
groups that the Commission proposes should be protected by legislation are particularly vulnerable to vilification. The objects of vilification legislation are commendable, but before including vilification provisions the question of whether existing legi
slation has been effective in preventing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid9256356  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
vilification is one that requires further inquiry and consideration. For example, since its enactment, few cases have been brought under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10775547  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700 the RRTA,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s2\ql \li0\ri0\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs26\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f222\fs26\cf17\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid9256356 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 . For example,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid9256356 Judeh v Jewish National Fund of Australia Inc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid9256356  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/vic/VCAT/2003/1254.html" \\o "View Case"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 [2003] VCAT 1254 (Deputy}}}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  Pres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 ident McKenzie, 13 March 2003), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 
concerning an advertisement placed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid9256356 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\i\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  Australian Jewish News}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f224\fs20\cf0\insrsid10827700  newspaper. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  and one of these, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid9256356 Islamic Council of Victoria Inc v Catch the Fire Ministries Inc, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid9256356 has become notorious as an example of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  the adverse impact that anti-vilification laws can have on religious freedom and freedom of speech}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid9256356 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 . See the decision of the Victorian Court of Appeal, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid16332424 
Catch the Fire Ministries Inc & Ors v Islamic Council of Victoria Inc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid16332424  [2006] VSCA 284.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
 It is noteworthy that even with the exception for public acts done reasonably and in good faith for religious purposes in s11 of the Act, referred to in n.34, the Appellant was still unsuccessful.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 .}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid9256356 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 41.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15936586\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Generally,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid6369560 
 vilification legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid13459179  provides that a person must n\ltrpar ot, on specified grounds such as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 
religious belief or activity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid13459179  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 of another person or class of persons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  engage in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid13459179 a public act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 
 that incites hatred against, serious contempt for, or revulsion or severe ridicule of, that other person or class of persons.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid13459179 
Conduct that is exempted includes fair reporting of a public act of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 vilification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid13459179 
, communications which attract absolute privilege, and acts done reasonably and in good faith for academic, artistic, scientific or research }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 (but generally not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid924028 religious}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid13459179 purposes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 xception}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 s exist in s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 38S and
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700  49ZT(2)(c) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 ADA (NSW) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 which respectively provide that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 a public act done reasonably and in good faith for the purposes of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 \'93religious instruction\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723  or \'93religious discussion and instruction\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723  is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 
not unlawful under the homosexuali}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723  / transgender}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723  vilification provisions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 Section 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 (1)(b)(i) of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 RRTA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 contains exceptions for public conduct if the person establishes that his or her conduct was engaged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 in reasonably and in good faith \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 
in the course of any statement, publication, discussion or debate made  or held, or any other conduct engaged in, for any genuine academic, artistic, religious or scientific purpose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 Sub-section 11(2) provides that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 a religious purpose includes, but is not limited to, conveying or teaching a religion or proselytising}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af224 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5269723 \'94}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid13459179 , or any other purpose in the public interest, including discussio
n about any matter or act. Some statutes contain civil proscriptions and processes alone whil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid13459179 
 others establish criminal offences. The criminal proscriptions usually require }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid13459179 
 additional element that the perpetrator has threatened, or has incited others to threaten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid13459179  physical harm to a person or their property.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid10775547\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700   
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 42.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15936586\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 A key concept in both the ADA (NSW) definition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid93334  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid93334 public act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid93334  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid93334 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 RDA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid93334  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 definition in s18C(2) and (3), is \'93the public\'94. In short, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 ADA }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid93334 (NSW)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  covers conduct that is a communication to 
the public, is observable by the public, or is the distribution of material to the public, with knowledge that the material is vilifying. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 RDA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f1\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 covers conduct that causes material to be communicated to the public, or is done in \'93a public place\'94, or is do
ne within sight or hearing of people who are in a public place, which is defined as a place to which the public have access as of right or by invitation. Although central to an understanding of the scope of the provisions in both statutes, \'93public\'94
 is not defined in either Act. The public-private distinction is unclear. This lack of clarity has not been addressed by courts and tribunals to the extent necessary to avoid inconsistent outcomes in cases brought under these statutes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 Relevant cases include}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268 Gibbs v Wanganeen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/FMCA/2001/14.html" \\o "View Case"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 [2001] FMCA 14}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 ; }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%282001%29%20162%20FLR%20333?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=vilification" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 
(2001) 162 FLR 333}}}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  at 337\endash 338; }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268 Beling v Stapels}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/FMCA/2001/135.html" \\o "View Case"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 [2001] FMCA 135 (McInnis}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  FM, 10 December 2001); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268 Anderson v Thompson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austli
i.edu.au/au/cases/nsw/NSWADT/2001/11.html" \\o "View Case"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 [2001] NSWADT 11}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 , 5 February 2001); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268 R v Marinkovic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281996%29%20EOC%2092?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=vilification" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 (1996) EOC 92}}}
\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 \endash 841;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268 Burns v Dye}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268  }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/nsw/NSWADT/2002/32.html" \\o "View Case"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 [2002] NSWADT 32}}}
\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  (12 March 2003);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268 Malco v Massaris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 [1998] EOTrib}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af15\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\loch\af15\hich\af15\dbch\af15\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 \loch\af15\hich\af15\dbch\f15 \uc1\u8197\'3f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 (NSW) 226\endash 229 of 1998, (12 February 1998); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268 Aegean Macedonian Association of Australia v Karagiannakis}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 (10 December 1999) (digest at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%282000%29%20EOC%2093?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=vilification" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 (2000) EOC 93)}
}}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268 Miller v Wertheim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid1379268  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www
.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/FCAFC/2002/156.html" \\o "View Case"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789 [2002] FCAFC 156. }}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid9719789  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 43.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15936586\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 For a complaint of vilification to succeed in all jurisdictions, the question is: \'93
could the reasonable person understand from the public act that he/she is being inc
ited to hatred towards or serious contempt for or serious ridicule of a person on one or more of the protected grounds of race, religious belief, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS status or because he or she is transgender?\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid5974403 John Fairfax Publications Pty Limited v Kazak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700  [2002] NSW AD TAP 35 at par 16; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10827700\charrsid5974403 Islamic Council of Victoria v Catch the Fire Ministries Inc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid5974403  (Final) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 [2004] VCAT 2510 n.31 at p.4.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  The test is not whether the reasonable person agrees or disagrees with the sent
iments expressed but whether a reasonable person who is not malevolently inclined or who is free from susceptibility to prejudice would be inclined to hatred by the publication or conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid4075291 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid4075291  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid5974403 Kazak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 op.cit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 . at p.52.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  The test is problematic because, as is frequently acknowledged, the \'93reasonable person\'94
 varies depending on the views and beliefs of the adjudicator. Case law precedent indicates that courts and tribunals have a great deal of discretion in determining whether the conduct in question is covered 
by the legislation. A more appropriate test would be the subjective-objective test in harassment provisions, which would require that the publication or conduct in question was unwelcome and did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid4467960 in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  offend, humiliate or intimidate a person, in circumst
ances in which it was reasonable for the perpetrator to have anticipated that a person in the position of the complainant would feel that way.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s18\ql \fi-1134\li1134\ri0\widctlpar\tqr\tx1021\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 . For example, the test for sexual harassment in section 28A of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911  provides: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid6249793 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \fi-1134\li1134\ri0\widctlpar\tqr\tx1021\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid2834814 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid14838066 \'93(1)\~ For the purposes of this Division, a person sexually harasses another person (the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700 person harassed}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid14838066 ) if: 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \fi45\li1134\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid2834814 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid14838066 (a)\~ the person makes an unwelcome sexual advance, or an unwelcome request for sexual favours, to the person harassed; or 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li1134\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid2834814 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid14838066 (b)\~ engages in other unwelcome }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/sda1984209/s28a.html" \\l "conduct_of_a_sexual_nature"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid14838066 conduct }}}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/sda1984209/s28a.html" \\l "conduct_of_a_sexual_nature"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid14838066 of a sexual nature}}}\sectd 
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13438004\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid14838066  in relation to the person harassed; 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\ql \li1134\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid2834814 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af224\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f224\fs20\insrsid10827700\charrsid14838066 in circumstances in which a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would have anticipated that the person harassed would be offended, humiliated or intimidated.\'94
 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700    
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 44.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15936586\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 The broad definition of \'93public act\'94 threatens the freedom of religious }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 individuals and organisations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
 to publicly manifest their beliefs and teachings, especially in cases where they are unable to endorse or accept particular lifestyles, or when they engage in public debate and criticism about values and ideas.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid8389405 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid3570003 
Deen v Lamb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid3570003  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 [2001] QADT 20; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid3570003 Islamic Council of Victoria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 op.cit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 . n.31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid8389405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827700 at pp. 5\endash 6. Both cases concerned criticism made in a pamphlet and at a seminar respectively of the Qur\rquote an and a comparison of the Qur\rquote 
an and the Christian faith. In both cases, the allegations of religious vilification were substantiated, although the respondent in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Deen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
 was held to have the benefit of the Constitution\rquote s protection of communications made during the course of a Federal Election.    }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
 Christian teaching on sexual morality and marriage and family, for example, or on the fixed and complementary nature or maleness and femaleness, may not be accepted by everyone, even though as explained at paragraphs 20-26 they are r
easonable teachings. Some may even receive these teachings as an insult or personal condemnation of their own situation or relationships, even though no comment on individual circumstances is intended. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid9011148 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 45.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15936586\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid9011148 This raises the very real danger that the public 
explanation and defence of Church teaching in these areas may become the subject of a claim that by word or action, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 an individual or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid9011148  Church agency or body is guilty of a \'93public act\'94 capable of inciting hatred of, or serious contempt for people, (for exa
mple) based on their sexual orientation. This would seriously constrain the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, and would also have a powerfully chilling effect on public debate about ideas and values, which necessarily entails criticism
 or judgements that some people may not like. Anti-vilification legislation is intended to protect people from hateful speech, but from experience here and overseas it often ends up protecting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid9011148 ideas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid9011148  rather than people, being used to shield some ideas from criticism}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid9011148 while silenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid9011148  the public expression of others as \'93hate-speech\'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 In this way, anti-vilification laws can become a sword wielded against freedom of religion and belief.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid9011148\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid9011148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 46.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15936586\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 If the object is to protect vulnerable people from harassment, bullying and 
violence,   attention should be focussed on the criminal law to protect these groups from actual harm and violent offences, and the model offered by existing harassment provisions in anti-discrimination legislation, with their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14295617 subjective-objective test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 . Pu
blic education campaigns to encourage people to treat individuals in vulnerable groups with respect and friendship have a much better chance of reducing insulting or hateful speech than the blunt and sometimes counterproductive instrument of anti-vilifica
tion laws.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10510881   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14712292\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14712292 Conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14712292 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid14712292 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 47.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15936586\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14712292 The considerations set out in this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\insrsid10827700 submission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14712292  make it essential that any anti-discrimination or anti-vilification legislation must expressly include ample protection for religious freedom}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 for individuals and for religious organisations and agencies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14712292 
 These provisions might also take cognizance of the Resolution of the United Nations General Assembly On the Elimination of all forms of Religious Intolerance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14712292 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14712292  which provides that laws guaranteeing religious freedom should also include \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14712292 
effective remedies in cases where the right to freedom of religion or belief is violated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14712292 \'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f1\super\insrsid10827700 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2325851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\insrsid10827700\charrsid159501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700\charrsid159501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 Op. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700\charrsid2194911 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10827700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827700 
n.11.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14712292\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid10827700\charrsid14712292 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 48.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15936586\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14712292 The Catholic Church sup
ports all efforts to eliminate unjust discrimination and inequality before the law, which also recognise and fully protect the fundamental human right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. Unjust discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientati
o
n or sex or gender identity is a violation of human rights. Unjustly compelling religious organisations and individuals to act in ways contrary to the fundamental beliefs and teachings of their faith is also a violation of human rights, even when it is in
t
ended to serve a just purpose, such as protecting vulnerable people from discrimination. Great care must be taken to ensure that attempts to prevent discrimination against one group, do not impinge on freedom of religion or discriminate against citizens o
n
 the basis of religion, and this submission has highlighted a number of important considerations which will help to avoid this danger. The Catholic Church welcomes the opportunity to assist the Commission in its efforts to protect the rights of all Austra
lians, and especially those who are marginalised in our society}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid986948 
including by being involved in the drafting of any proposed legislative changes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid14712292      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid9011148\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5448065\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 Catholic Diocese of Wagga Wagga
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10960960\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10960960 Catholic Education Commission New South Wales

\par 
\par Archbishop Mark Coleridge, Archbishop of Canberra-Goulburn
\par 
\par Bishop Max Davis, Catholic Bishop of the Australian Defence Force
\par 
\par Bishop Anthony Fisher OP, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 Catholic Diocese of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10960960 Parramatta
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10960960 Bishop Geoffrey Jarrett}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10960960 Catholic Diocese of Lismore
\par 
\par Life, Marriage and Family Centre, Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney
\par 
\par Bishop Michael Malone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10960960 Catholic Diocese of Maitland-Newcastle
\par 
\par Bishop Luc Matthys}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10960960 Catholic Diocese of Armidale
\par 
\par Cardinal George Pell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10960960 Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid10960960 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid9011148\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9011148 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f224\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid10827700\charrsid5533762 {\*\bkmkstart param59}{\*\bkmkend param59}
\par }}