ࡱ> SUPQR%` 0zbjbj"x"x O@@&A4UUUhXV,Wԫ$Y^Y"YYY___#%%%%%%$~hNITp}^_TpTpIYY^.wwwTp~Y(Y#wTp#wwp6ǪYY *vUq*4Hԫ94uZ4TǪ4Ǫ(_dwh4ko___IIv___ԫTpTpTpTpM T T  See my responses in text  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT   SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, August 2008 ISBN 978-1-921449-05-5 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. Requests and enquires concerning reproduction, rights and content should be addressed to the: Race Discrimination Unit: Education and Partnerships Section Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission GPO Box 5218 Sydney NSW 2001 FOREWORD Freedom of religion and belief is a fundamental human right protected by a number of international treaties and declarations, including article 18(1) of the  HYPERLINK "http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm" International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). This right encompasses freedom of thought on all matters and the freedom to manifest religion and belief individually or with others, in public or in private. In 1998 HREOC released its report Article 18: Freedom of Religion and Belief. The report made 26 recommendations across 10 broad areas. The last decade has seen some recommendations implemented - to varying degrees across the country - but others have not yet been taken up. In some ways the Australia of 2008 is similar to the Australia of 1998, but in other ways it is very different. Australia continues to be a proud multicultural and multi-faith nation though the diversity of our population is even greater than before. This increased diversity has enriched our nation in many ways. However, as with all fast-moving change, there have been some trials as demonstrated some years ago with the terrorism attacks of 9/11, and subsequent events, which put issues of religion squarely back into the public debates about freedom, safety and human rights. Freedom of religion and belief are vitally important rights that all people have, irrespective of their religious affiliation, and people must not be vilified or alienated because of these beliefs. Unless illegal values must be evaluated. But by what criteria: better social connection, life-givingness, -- a pluralist table is required to answer this. Most significantly, 2008 will be remembered as the year that Prime Minister Rudd offered a long-awaited National Apology to the Stolen Generations which began the healing process/ journey for many Indigenous Australians. At the same time the National Apology transfixed the nation and crystallised the realisation that positive steps such as this sorry advance both a nation and a people. In such a climate it is timely for HREOC to initiate a follow-up investigation to its Article 18 report. The Freedom of Religion and Belief in the 21st Century project will be a way for Australia to take stock of its progress over the last decade but more critically, to enable us take steps in the right direction to advance our nations social and cultural prosperity. The starting point for this project is the release of this Discussion Paper. This partnership project will provide for the participation of all Australians via submissions in response to the issues raised this Discussion Paper. It will also seek to gather additional evidence and insight from leaders and experts working in the realm of religion and belief. In addition, a number of supplementary papers will examine related issues to those raised in the core report. These complementary processes will equip the project team with a multi-layered dossier from which to construct their final core report. It is not surprising that the presence of religion and faith is growing within public and political discussion. I hope that this paper ignites a deep discussion about the current state of freedom of religion and belief in Australia and provides an opportunity for all Australians to engage in a dialogue about where we should head in the future. Such discussion - coupled with a solid research base - will enable a complex agenda to be investigated from a national perspective but within an ever-changing global environment. It will then be time for Australia to respond to the challenges this project sets. I encourage you to be part of this journey. Tom Calma Race Discrimination Commissioner and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner August 2008 Initial thoughts: Geoff Tunnicliffe comments on the value of WEA as mediators for those working from religious (not secular) stand-points. We have sympathy with the motivations of the Book, & Spirituality. Purely secular responses are not always enough especially when faith-motivated actions are at stake. A Pluralist table, not a secular table. DISCUSSION PAPER This Discussion Paper will: provide the background and context to the Freedom of Religion and Belief in the 21st Century project outline the overall project objectives outline the reports focus, including the Content for consideration section which lists research questions as a guide for participants detail the consultation process provide a brief biography on each of the researchers outline the project outcomes Background and context In 2006 the Ministerial Council on Immigration and Multicultural Affairs endorsed the National Action Plan to Build on Social Cohesion, Harmony and Security (NAP). As part of the NAP, the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC), Australias national, independent statutory authority which administers Commonwealth human rights laws, has been funded to undertake a range of projects. One of these projects is Freedom of Religion and Belief in the 21st Century. HREOC has commissioned the Australian Multicultural Foundation, (AMF) in association with RMIT University and Monash University, to prepare a report on Freedom of Religion and Belief in the 21st Century. This team will consult with the Australian Partnership of Religious Organisations (APRO) in preparing its report. This project builds on HREOCs earlier report Article 18: Freedom of Religion and Belief released in 1998 and the 2004 report Religion, Cultural Diversity and Safeguarding Australia, by the (then) Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs and the Australian Multicultural Foundation, in association with the World Conference of Religions for Peace, RMIT University and Monash University. The federal government has indicated in its policy platform that it will publicly consult with the Australian population about how best to recognise and protect the human rights and freedoms enjoyed by all Australians. It is also pursuing the development of a nationalsocial inclusion policy and program agenda. Within this agenda, counter-radicalisation, human rights promotion and protection, andcommunity harmony within a multicultural social reality are likely to be strong and complementary areas of action. This report, therefore,will be conducted during a period that may offer many important opportunities to define and influence the future of religious freedoms and belief within Australia. Overall project objectives The overall project objectives are as follows: Evaluate response to Article 18: Freedom of Religion and Belief and its recommendations. Work with spiritual and religious communities and civil society organisations to record their concerns and positive reactions to Article 18. Work with spiritual and religious communities and civil society organisations to record their concerns and positive reactions to Section 116 of the Australian Constitution. Model a cooperative approach to constructing a response to issues of freedom of religion and belief. Roles, rights and responsibilities of religious, spiritual and civil society organisations in implementing the commitment to freedom of religion and belief as articulated in Article 18 and s116 of the Australian Constitution. Given the ongoing role of religion in peoples lives, people of faith can play an important role in mediating better responses pluralist, not secular. Separation of church and state is about maintaining pluralism, not promoting secularism. Assess, in the context of recent changes to Commonwealth, State and Territory legislation that have been enacted to respond to the war on terror, whether these changes have had any impact upon freedoms of religion and/or belief and/or cultural identity, as well as the freedoms to publicly express or act in accordance to these beliefs and identities. Explore the interface between religion, political and cultural aspirations. Should be a pluralist interface, co-operative -- not secularist. Separation of church and state is about maintaining pluralism, not promoting secularism. Analyse whether new technologies (especially communication technologies) are changing the role, practice, promotion or evolution of religious and other forms of belief and behaviour. Examine cultural rights and whether cultural beliefs impinge on human rights. Yes evaluate this. How to evaluate this? A pluralist table is the only way. Produce a major report on these issues which includes: Demographic information about the size, spread, growth and location of religious groups in Australia; and (use NCLS National Church Life Survey) Recommendations for promoting freedom of religion and belief (including secular belief) in Australia. (On a pluralist footing. And how to evaluate and let people evaluate for themselves.) Focus: What this report will explore The Australian multicultural and multifaith context is changing rapidly with continuing globalisation, migration, and technological innovations (particularly communication technologies). We are more diverse than ever before and this diversity challenges current understandings of freedom of religion and belief. The responses to the war on terror which include civil, legislative and security measures have not been recently or comprehensively evaluated in terms of the impacts on the practice, expression and perception of religion and spirituality in Australia. The presence of religion and faith is growing within public and political discussion. While this may be related to a revitalisation of religion and the rise of religious fundamentalism, this is also because of other factors including: the emergence of a multi-faith Australia with an increased presence of Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus, Jews and other religious communities who in practicing their religion sometimes challenge current public policies the shift away from mainstream Christianity, and the rise of Pentecostalism and other newer forms of Christianity the growing interface between science, its actual and potential discoveries and faith traditions, especially in regard to ethical dilemmas the privatisation of government services and their outsourcing to private bodies including those sponsored by faith communities the emergence of issues related to accommodation and dissent in pluralist societies, including internal religious debates, questions around cultural diversity, respect for difference and human rights the growing awareness of the contribution that religious communities make to the social capital of a nation, through activities such as volunteering the impact of the new security laws and their implementation on freedom of religion and belief As well as the core report, HREOC and AMF are commissioning a number of other expert writers and agencies to prepare up to eight supplementary papers that will expand on some of the themes addressed in the core report. The supplementary papers will include examination of: Freedom of religion and belief and wellbeing The law, judiciary and religion Religion and the arts Media and perceptions of faith Indigenous spiritual expression Education and religion The intersection between freedom of religion and gender equality Religious freedom and expression and radicalisation Consultation and research This project will consult with faith communities and other civil society organisations to record their concerns, their positive reactions and proposed solutions to build a more socially cohesive and harmonious society that protects and promotes Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) internationally, and nationally, Section 116 of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act. There are seven key areas for consideration, that are based on the reports objectives, which reflect existing and emerging debates and issues related to freedom of religion and belief in Australia. These include: Evaluation of the 1998 HREOC Report on Article 18: Freedom of Religion and Belief Religion and the State the Constitution, roles and responsibilities Religion and the State practice and expression Security issues in the aftermath of September 11 The interface of religious, political and cultural aspirations Technology and its implications Religion, cultural expression and human rights. These areas are outlined in greater detail with accompanying research questions in the Content for consideration section of this paper. Researchers The reports three researchers all have extensive experience and expertise in the fields of religion and multicultural affairs. Desmond Cahill, Professor of Intercultural Studies at RMIT University, is one of Australias leading social researchers. In 2006, he was made an honorary fellow of the Australian Council of Educational Leaders for his work in immigrant, cross-cultural, interfaith and international education. He currently chairs the Religions for Peace (Australia), and represents Australia on the Asian Conference of Religion and Peace (ACRP). He led Melbournes successful bid to stage the forthcoming Parliament of the Worlds Religions, the worlds largest interfaith gathering, and is now its honorary Program Director. He is a member of APRO and of the Victoria Police Multifaith Advisory Council. Gary Bouma, Professor Emeritus, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Chair in Intercultural and Interreligious Relations Asia Pacific at Monash University and Chair of the Board of Directors for the Parliament of the Worlds Religions 2009. He is Associate Priest in the Anglican Parish of St Johns, East Malvern. His research in the sociology of religion examines the management of religious diversity in plural multicultural societies, post modernity as a context for doing theology, religion and terror, inter-cultural communication, religion and public policy, women and religious minorities, and gender factors in clergy careers. His recent books include: Australian Soul: Religion and Spirituality in the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge University Press) and Democracy in Islam (Routledge) which he has written with Sayed Khatab. Dr Hass Dellal was appointed Executive Director of the AMF in 1989, an organisation established to promote a strong commitment to Australia as one people drawn from many cultures. Dr Dellal has had extensive experience throughout Australia and internationally on multicultural affairs. He serves on a number of committees and boards and has prepared numerous reports, programs and conferences that deal in community relations, community capacity building, business, polices relations, youth issues, access and equity, cultural and religious diversity, skill recognition, cross cultural training, second language development, philanthropy, and the arts as well as research for policy development on behalf of government, community and private sector. Outcomes of the project report A final report will be produced and released in early 2010. It will consist of the core report as prepared by the researchers, and eight supplementary papers which address related issues. This report will inform governments, faith communities, NGOs and relevant organisations, and contribute to the ongoing debates around culture, faith, identity and national unity. The report will be published and distributed by HREOC and will also be available online. Project material will be available in government and professional publications. CONTENT FOR CONSIDERATION This section outlines the seven areas that the report is exploring, and provides research questions to contextualise the topic and serve as a prompt. These areas and the questions are a guide only, and respondents should not feel limited by these. 1: Evaluation of 1998 HREOC Report on Article 18: Freedom of Religion and Belief This is to evaluate the impact of the report, and assess changes in the social climate between 1998 and the present. Article 18: Freedom of Religion and Belief surveyed Australian federal, state and territory legislation as it related to the practice and expression of religion, faith and spirituality. The major issues were religious expression, discrimination on the ground of religion or belief and incitement to religious hatred. The full report and an overview of major issues can be found at:  HYPERLINK "http://www.humanrights.gov.au/human_rights/religion/index.html#Article" www.humanrights.gov.au/human_rights/religion/index.html#Article (Appendix 1 is the list of Recommendations from Article 18: Freedom of Religion and Belief) Questions to consider include: What are areas of concern regarding the freedom to practice and express faith and beliefs, within your faith community and other such communities? secularism vs pluralism It seems that religion is not seen as a legitimate basis for public decisions. Many times it is not required, however, at the root, all ethical decisions are based on some religious assumptions. As such religion should be admissible to those conversations, in ways that work towards consensus. Sometimes it seems that secularism is the only acceptable approach to public policy. In a world in which religion is seen to motivate terrorism and war on terror, we need to be able to openly examine the religious roots of our own and others actions. And find ways forward. In other words we need pluralist forums (more than secular ones.) Have new issues emerged since this report was published in 1998 relating to expression of faith? Is there adequate protection against discrimination based on religion or belief, and protection of ability to discriminate in particular contexts? How are federal and state and territory governments managing incitement to religious hatred, and the question of control and responsibility? Need to be able to say the truth, honesty, make cautionary tones without inciting hate. An old adage goes that, Until you can call me an infidel and I can call you a heathen, were never really communicating. How well have the recommendations of Article 18: Freedom of Religion and Belief been implemented by the various state and federal governments? 2: Religion and the State the Constitution, roles and responsibilities This is about assessing existing legislative protection of freedom of religion and belief, and its practice and expression in Australia, as expressed in the Constitution. Within this, what are the roles and responsibilities of spiritual and civil societies and do these need to be codified in law? If so, why so? Section 116 of the Commonwealth of Australian Constitution Act states that: The Commonwealth shall not make any law for establishing any religion, or for imposing any religious observance (what about imposing secularist practices), or for prohibiting the free exercise of any religion, and no religious test shall be required as a qualification for any office or public trust under the Commonwealth. The Constitution Questions to consider include: Is this section of the Constitution an adequate protection of freedom of religion and belief? Yes cant prohibit any free exercise of any religion but what if some of it is illegal? Do we need to clarify (except the elements of the religion that are illegal.) How should the Australian Government protect freedom of religion and belief? When considering the separation of religion and state, are there any issues that presently concern you? Yes Im concerned about the exclusion of church from state. Its a pluralist table, not a secularist table. Do religious or faith-based groups have undue influence over government and/or does the government have undue influence over religious or faith based groups? Do government / religion have undue religious influence over society: yes secularism, rather than pluralism. Would a legislated national Charter of Rights add to these freedoms of religion and belief? No. My concerns are with secularism being limited as much as spiritual religions are. And the institution of a pluralist approach in public services. Maybe safeguard the right of religious based arguments to be in the public process. Roles and responsibilities Questions to consider include: 6. a) What are the roles, rights and responsibilities of religious, spiritual and civil society (including secular) organisations in implementing the commitment to freedom of religion and belief? Responsibility to open spaces at their tables to consider the faith-based input from other POVs. Responsibility of government to make a pluralist democratic process, not secular practices only. b) How should this be managed? Have religious consultancy groups as part of the process in deciding policy especially social policy, immigration, wealth sharing, poverty, education. Ie make pluralist tables. = democracy. 7. How can these organisations model a cooperative approach in responding to issues of freedom of religion and belief? Many Pluralist tables at schools, local govt, state govt, fed govt pluralist processes and think-tanks. A tool to think/evaluate from faith-based positions, and from legal positions. ( [list of questions here: what would a Christ-follower think? Is this illegal? Does this build up, clarify, benefit people? Does it hurt someone else? Utilize those leaders who are good at pluralism, for mediation and advisory roles. Non fundamentalist Evangelical Christians are a good start. 8. How well established and comprehensive is the commitment to interfaith understanding and inclusion in Australia at present and where should it go from here? Huge blindspot re secularism as if its not a faith-position, and therefore exempt from limitations upon religious influence on politics / ed etc. We need to be clear about pluralist table, not secularist. Develop pluralist democratic processes of policy development. Teach pluralist methods of conflict resolution and co-operation. Ways that appreciate the weight of faith-convictions, not minimalising by diminishing or relativising. 9. How should we understand the changing role and face of religion, nationally and internationally? Base the future on pluralism (secularism is an insufficient response. As is the domination of any religious faith.) 3: Religion and the State - practice and expression The emergence of a multifaith Australia has brought issues regarding religious expression to the fore in debates, politically and culturally. This area is about balancing the expectations of faith-based organisations with civil society organisations. Questions to consider include: What are some consequences of the emergence of faith-based services as major government service delivery agencies? Faith-base is avoided/hidden, when it should be openly declared. (Not forced.) These places could be models of pluralist co-operation. How should government accommodate the needs of faith groups in addressing issues such as religion and education, faith schools, the building of places of worship, religious holy days, religious symbols and religious dress practices? Government funded education must include religion to expose kids helpfully (not impose ethical guidelines are already clear) and develop pluralist respect (not secular, not relativist). Faith-based schools should also be required to develop an ability in students for plural engagement with others not of their faith-base. Id suggest that where a religion requires a security hazard or breach, then it be treated simply as a security breach or hazard, and the religion has to deal with the conflict. This would apply to dress codes, or carrying ceremonial knives on a plane. If a religion requires anti-social behaviour, then it be treated simply as anti-social behaviour. This applies to door-knocking, public nuisance, harassment, etc. In other words, the current laws that apply cant be treated in a special way due to the religion of a person. The government should accommodate the needs of religious groups only where it is legal, necessary, and ethical to do so. Which raises a particularly religious question for government: whose ethics? Well again, you need a pluralist table for that. If a person wants to eat pork, which is offensive to other religions, it is not illegal, not necessary to do anything about it. However if a religious person is being forced to eat pork, this is an abuse of that persons freedom, and should be simply treated as abuse. Is current legislation on burial practice and autopsy practice adequate? Are any other of your religious practices inhibited by law, procedural practice or policy (i.e. education or health)? No. 4: Security issues in the aftermath of September 11 In response to the events of September 11, 2001, the federal and state governments enacted changes to existing legislation and introduced new legislation. The changes were introduced to better protect Australia from the threat of terrorism, both internally and externally. This section seeks to assess the impact of the legislative changes on religious and ethnic communities and determine if cultural identity and freedom to publicly express or act in accordance with beliefs has been affected. Questions to consider include: 1. a) Have the changes in federal and state laws affected any religious groups, and if so how? b) How should this be addressed? 2. How should the Government balance physical security and civil liberties? Clearly, if a certain religious practice is illegal by way of harming others, the illegal act needs to be sanctioned, on safety grounds. However, this should not stop critique and speaking the truth about other philosophies it just has to be the (whole) truth, not false (slander). Civil liberties do not extend to breaking the law. 3. Consider and comment on the relationship between law and religious or faith based communities, and issues such as legal literacy, civil liberties, dissemination of law to new immigrant communities, and the role and conduct of judiciary, courts and police. 4. a) Is there religious radicalism and political extremism in Australia? b) If so, what are the risks to Australia? 5. Can you provide any examples of social exclusion in regard to religion? How and why do issues of social exclusion develop? Exclusion develops from ignoring the differences. Ignorance and lack of listening & relationships allows demonizing others. We have to get to a place where we can disagree but still understand the other and say, but I can see why they think Im an infidel, and I defend their right to believe that. 5: The interface of religious, political and cultural aspirations This area is seeking to research and map the current relationships that exist between religious, political, cultural and indigenous groups and what they seek to achieve. It is about describing the interaction of these groups within contemporary Australian society. Questions to consider include: 1. a) How would you describe the interface between religion and politics and cultural aspirations in contemporary Australia? Politics dominated by secularism. Hard for religious-based views to be seriously taken into account in political process. Cross cultural missionaries are under-utilized: they know how to interact well, notwithstanding a possible agenda to convert. Many times this fruits in real mutual respect, friendship, and advocacy. When that happens, those people become real assets. Find those people and engage their help. Bi-cultural people like (___) overlap (see my blog) Lack of interfaces (Great Good Place Ray Oldenburg) to openly discuss religious & cultural differences in contexts of friendship & trust. Therefore religious groups and motives can go underground. And if not spoken about freely, discontent can grow into prejudice, ill-feeling, demonizing, and justify forms of violence Education ignores, relativizes, or minimises differences, and so kids are not enabled to meaningfully interact and appreciate the differences. Cultural aspirations of many children include learning about God. They often articulate that they want to know. This is commonly shut down in class. Parents would also benefit from awareness of a pluralist mindset. b) What issues does this include? Separation of secularism and state Pluralism underpinning politics (democratic, but not relativist). Education to include skills of interacting about faith-based differences (not just relativising or minimizing the differences.) 2. How should government manage tensions that develop between aspirations? pluralist round tables. 3. How do you perceive gender in faith communities? Equal 4. Do you believe there is equality of gender in faith communities? Some religions & interpretations of religions dont offer equality. 5. What do you think should be the relationship between the right to gender equality and the right to religious freedom in Australia? Because of my stance, at a Round Table I would say promote equality first, human dignity & respect & freedom. If consensus (if not agreement) can be reached on that, then that becomes the law, over-riding the religion. 6. Citizenship and Australian values have emerged as central issues, how do you balance integration and cultural preservation? Again, integrate according to the law, and security, etc. Where you have freedom, preserve your culture. But then develop pluralist capacities also. 7. What are reasonable expectations to have of citizens civic responsibility, rights, participation and knowledge? The greater good is an important concept to re-instate (over and against consumerism!) The concept of responsibilities to our neighbors. This seems to be a fairly universal religious notion too. Knowledge & appreciation of other worldviews should be encouraged (pluralism). 8. Is there a role for religious voices, alongside others in the policy debates of the nation? Democracy demands that policy debate should be a pluralist table, not a secular table! 6: Technology and its implications The present day has seen, and continues to witness unprecedented technological changes, particularly in the area of communication. This report seeks to identify and analyse some of the significant impacts of these developments. Questions to consider include: How have the new technologies affected the practice and dissemination of religious and faith communities? Has new technology had an impact on your religion and/or your religious practice? What issues are posed by new religions and spiritualities using new technologies? Is your freedom to express your religion or beliefs hindered or helped by current media policies and practices, considering reporting, professional knowledge, ownership, and right of reply? I consider that secularism gets most airplay in most Australian commercial broadcasting. Religions are generally not mentioned, or treated in a minimizing/patronizing way. Certainly there is no significant right of reply when such an attitude is portrayed in a comedy show or the like. One can complain to the broadcaster, but thats not the same as having a comedian on the same show give a thoughtful & pluralist view. What impact do the media have on the free practice of religion in Australia and the balanced portrayal of religious beliefs and practice? Just a minimalising effect, due to an apparent undercurrent of secularism. Are there religious or moral implications in the development of new technologies such as the internet and or mobile phones, especially in regard to religious vilification and hatred? Technologies act as a megaphone for whatever message is put into them. The technology itself seems neutral to me. The use of the technology remains the issue as always. 7: Religion, cultural expression and human rights In a country as multicultural as Australia, freedoms of cultural expression, religious expression and human rights need ongoing exploration. This section is about gaining a deeper understanding of how effective Australias current human rights framework is, and if tensions between human rights, religious expression and cultural expression are of concern. Questions to consider include: Is there satisfactory freedom of cultural expression and practice within the normative social and legal framework? Yes. Do service providers in your state or territory support the right to cultural security, safety and competence? How can the cultural aspirations and human rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders be met? The same way any victims of a take-over should be met. Restorative Justice, the generation of equity for all. They were here first. All born here now have a stake also, however, this does not negate the need to quickly fix as much as can be fixed before those with the knowledge of what needs to be fixed, die out. If that happens before sufficient repair is made, then we will be left with the emotional/cultural wound, and no knowledge of how to fix it. What are the issues impacting on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities at present, and proposed solutions? Displacement, dislocation of families and relationships. Lack of tools in the cultures to address the needs. Presence of short-curcuits in the cultures, preventing positive changes. Lack of admission to a pluralist table results in to voicelessness. Are there any issues in regard to participation in the faith community for people with disabilities? Disabled people dont feel confident to ask for the assistance they need. My faith communities cant cater for every possibility, but are happy to work out solutions for case-by-case. How is diverse sexuality perceived within faith communities? The majority of Deity-based religions view diverse sexualities as a case of brokenness, in a similar category to all other types of wounds some cant be healed, so we live with them best we can. This does not need to imply exclusion. Monist or atheistic worldviews have little basis for assessing anything as preferable or not, so have no view about diverse sexualities. How can faith communities be inclusive of people of diverse sexualities? Pluralist tables An awareness of acceptance in spite of brokenness (if so perceived) grace. Not all faiths have the capacity for the latter, so they need the pluralist table. Should religious organisations (including religious schools, hospitals and other service delivery agencies) exclude people from employment because of their sexuality or their sex and gender identity? If the religion has established the organizations value set, then it has the right to operate according to that value set. A person of another value set should not expect that to change just for them. The value set doesnt impinge on their freedom, unless they choose to work there, in which case they have chosen to create the conflict. The workplace didnt come looking for them to create a conflict. It would be like me joining a piggery then expecting them to not sell pigs in deference to me, just because I think its my right to work there. The piggerys policy doesnt impinge on anyone outside the organization: the conflict could only arise if the outside person chooses to create the conflict by impinging on the organisations values set. However, I recommend the organization develop a pluralist mindset Do you consider environmental concern to be an influence shaping spiritualities and value systems? I do not understand this question. Of course the environment is a religious concern. And of course a persons environment influences their spiritualities and value systems. a) Are there religious groups, practices and beliefs that you think are of concern to Australians? Yes. Jehovahs witness style of doorknocking. Secularism underpinning government practices and policies (instead of pluralism) Militant Islams Jihad / terrorism b) Should these be subjected to legislative control, and should they be eligible for government grants and assistance? They already are. All Australians should be subject to legislative control, according to the same laws applied equally. So harassment laws apply to Jehovahs witness who return after being asked not to. Militant Islam subject to security laws. Secularism subject to separation of Religion and State policy. Further information For more information, please contact: Mail: Claire Moroney Project Manager Race Discrimination Unit: Education and Partnerships Section Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission GPO Box 5218 Sydney NSW 2001 Phone: (02) 9284 9600 or 1800 620 241 (TTY) More comments below APPENDIX 1: List of Recommendations from HREOCs 1998 Report Article 18: Freedom of Religion and Belief The full report is available at:  HYPERLINK "http://www.humanrights.gov.au/human_rights/religion/index.html#Article" www.humanrights.gov.au/human_rights/religion/index.html#Article Recommendations on a federal Religious Freedom Act R2.1 The Commonwealth Parliament should enact a Religious Freedom Act which, among other things, recognises and gives effect to the right to freedom of religion and belief. We already have that. What is the threat to it? Why change the status quo? I do not see the need, and therefore fear that legislating a freedom may in fact result in lessening freedoms. The why needs to be clarified. R2.2 The Religious Freedom Act should affirm the right of all religions and organized beliefs as defined to exist and to organise and determine their own affairs within the law and according to their tenets. What is as defined? R2.3 The Religious Freedom Act should cover the full range of rights and freedoms recognised in ICCPR article 18 and Religion Declaration articles 1, 5 and 6 including but not limited to: freedom to hold a particular religion or belief freedom not to hold a particular religion or belief freedom to manifest religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching We already have that. What is the threat to it? Why change the status quo? freedom from coercion which would impair religion or belief Why this one whats wrong with persuasive conversations? This is acceptable in other parts of life, like advertising, salesmanship, etc. So why not religious subjects? We already have laws about coercing in ways that involve abuse of power. the right of parents and guardians to organise family life in accordance with their religion or beliefs freedom from discrimination on the ground of religion or belief (detailed in chapter 4). Too loose. Must tighten up definition of discrimination. I think it reasonable that a person looking to hold power or influence in a religion-based institution, be required to subscribe to that religion. R2.4 In accordance with ICCPR article 18.3 the Religious Freedom Act should permit only those limitations on the right to manifest a religion or belief which are prescribed by law and necessary to protect public safety, health or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others (detailed in chapter 3). Yes. Again whose morals? Only a pluralist table can work that out without hi-jacking the result to its own values set. R2.5 For the purposes of the Religious Freedom Act, religion and belief should be given a wide meaning, covering the broad spectrum of personal convictions and matters of conscience. It should include theistic, non-theistic and atheistic beliefs. It should include minority and non-mainstream religions and belief systems as well as those of a more traditional or institutionalised nature. Religion or belief should be defined as a particular collection of ideas and/or practices: that relate to the nature and place of humanity in the universe and, where applicable, the relation of humanity to things supernatural that encourage or require adherents to observe particular standards or codes of conduct or, where applicable, to participate in specific practices having supernatural significance that are held by an identifiable group regardless of how loosely knit and varying in belief and practice that are seen by adherents as constituting a religion or system of belief. Including atheistic, and/or secularist beliefs. Otherwise these particular worldviews would not be restricted by these laws, and would therefore default into a special category, as if above these laws. The definition should not apply to all beliefs but only to those that clearly involve issues of personal conviction, conscience or faith. This definition would not cover beliefs which are caused by mental illness or which are motivated by criminal intent. R2.6 The obligations in the Religious Freedom Act should apply to individuals, corporations, public and private bodies and all other legal persons who maybe subject to Commonwealth legislation. Recommendations on Indigenous heritage R3.1 The current legislative regime protecting Indigenous cultural heritage should be enhanced in line with the recommendations made by the Hon. Elizabeth Evatt in Review of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984. ??? R3.2 Adequate minimum standards should be established by the Commonwealth and the States and Territories to ensure consistent treatment and protection for Indigenous heritage throughout Australia. Protection from what? Who is attacking it, and how? Protect sacred sites, protect good sense land care, yes. But how will you allow the culture itself to evolve, if you artificially preserve it? R3.3 Proposed changes to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984 (Cth) should ensure that the Heritage Act is enhanced as an effective federal avenue of last resort to protect Indigenous religious and spiritual heritage. Why try to do this the people should hold the belief themselves, not by law, because Culture is dynamic. Legalizing it threatens to stunt its organic evolution. R3.4 Australia should continue to support the completion and adoption of the Draft United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to provide better protection for the right of Indigenous Australians to religious freedom. Again, I do not see where this is under attack in Australia. I would like to know. Dont people just have the freedom to believe what they want now? It doesnt have to be enshrined in law to be a freedom. I have the freedom to pick my nose, I dont need a law to say so. Legalizing it may raise problems that dont exist now. Recommendations on Indigenous burials R3.5 A Working Group should be established to develop national standards on the preservation of traditional burials and associated rituals. R3.6 The Working Group should be convened by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission and include representatives of relevant State and Territory agencies, Indigenous organisations and traditional Indigenous communities. R3.7 In developing the national standards, consideration should be given where appropriate to the proposed national standards on protection of Aboriginal heritage in Australia (See R3.2). R3.8 When the national standards are finalised, they should be referred to the Standing Committee of Attorneys-General with a view to their being incorporated into relevant State and Territory legislation. Recommendations on autopsies R3.9 The Standing Committee of Attorneys-General should establish a Working Group to develop and encourage the adoption in State and Territory legislation of best practice standards on the rights of family members and other persons in relation to decisions concerning autopsies. The standards should include provision for: due consideration to be given to the cultural and spiritual beliefs of family members regarding autopsy decisions procedures for the deceased persons next of kin to have his or her wishes taken into account in matters including whether an autopsy occurs and the manner in which it is undertaken rights of review for family members in relation to autopsy decisions with flexibility in time limits involvement where appropriate of religious and cultural organisations including Indigenous organisations. R3.10 The Department of Health or equivalent agency in each State and Territory should review training programs for health workers and other professionals involved in autopsies and other procedures relating to human bodies to ensure issues of cultural and religious sensitivity are adequately addressed in those programs. Recommendation on medical procedures R3.11 The Standing Committee of Attorneys-General should establish a Working Group to give further consideration to changes proposed by the Jehovahs Witnesses to the laws governing parental consent to medical treatment of children. The Working Groups should include legal, medical and ethical experts and a representative of the Commission. It should develop and encourage the adoption in State and Territory legislation of best practice standards on the medical treatment of children. Recommendation on female genital mutilation R3.12 The federal Attorney-General through the Standing Committee of Attorneys-General should encourage the development of legislation in Queensland and Western Australia specifically prohibiting female genital mutilation. Recommendations on anti-witchcraft and fortune telling laws R3.13 The federal Attorney-General through the Standing Committee of Attorneys-General should encourage Queensland and Victoria to repeal legislation criminalising the practice of witchcraft, fortune-telling, sorcery and enchantment. Define the terms witch-craft and fortune-telling. For some, they may include Satanism? Infant sacrifice? Worship of evil? If youre going to repeal these, first verbalize & name the dangers those laws were put there for, and then ensure those dangers no longer apply. If you say theres no danger from witchcraft or fortune-telling, are you making a value-judgement about their obsolescence or impotence? Practitioners might object to that. If not, are you confirming their powers? If so, which powers are good and beneficial, and which are not? Again, this decision needs to come from a pluralist table, not a secularist agenda. R3.14 The federal Attorney-General through the Standing Committee of Attorneys-General should encourage Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, the Northern Territory and Tasmania to repeal legislation criminalising the practice of fortune-telling. Define the terms fortune-telling. For some, they may include Satanism? Worship of evil? If youre going to repeal these, first verbalize & name the dangers those laws were put there for, and then ensure those dangers no longer apply. If you say theres no danger from witchcraft or fortune-telling, are you making a value-judgement about their obsolescence or impotence? Practitioners might object to that. If not, are you confirming their powers? If so, which powers are good and beneficial, and which are not? Again, this decision needs to come from a pluralist table, not a secularist agenda. Recommendation on coercion in religious belief and practice R3.15 The federal Attorney-Generals department should convene an inter-faith dialogue: to examine the question of methods of coercion in religious belief and practice and how they should be dealt with to consider whether legal limitations should be imposed on religious groups regarding coercive tactics to formulate an agreed list of minimum standards for the practice of religious groups Define closely what is meant by coercion. We already have laws about power-abuse and public nuisance, etc. These are the problem, not the religious content per se, The exchange of ideas is to be encouraged, the art of persuasion legitimate. You cant have one law against religious persuasion, but another allowing consumer persuasion (advertising, tele-marketing, etc.) If theres a problem, its the practice thats the problem, not the religious nature of the subject matter. The practice has to be a standard that applies equally across all topics. Whether religious or any other kind. Stick to that, or you would be in danger of removing religion from public discourse. And if you do remove religion from public discourse, it breeds ignorance which leads to prejudice. Recommendation on discrimination on the ground of religion and belief R4.1 The proposed Religious Freedom Act should make unlawful direct and indirect discrimination on the ground of religion and belief in all areas of public life, in accordance with ICCPR articles 2 and 18 and Religion Declaration article 4, subject to two exemptions. 1. A distinction, exclusion or preference in respect of a particular job based on the inherent requirements of the job should not be unlawful. Preference in employment for a person holding a particular religious or other belief will not amount to discrimination if established to be a genuine occupational qualification. 2. A distinction, exclusion or preference in connection with employment as a member of the staff of an institution that is conducted in accordance with the doctrines, tenets, beliefs or teachings of a particular religion or creed, being a distinction, exclusion or preference required by those doctrines, tenets, beliefs or teachings made in good faith and necessary to avoid injury to the religious susceptibilities of adherents of that particular religion or that creed should not be unlawful provided that it is not arbitrary and is consistently applied. What about role-modeling and influence in public life. The ethical conduct of such people is an inherently religious matter. We sanction people according to their ethics, which are derived from their religions, so how do you have one without the other? To simply say all religious views are of no consequence is a secularist statement. Perhaps a pluralist table needs to see if there are any exceptions. Recommendations on incitement to hatred on the basis of religion and belief R5.1 The federal Attorney-General through the Standing Committee of Attorneys-General should encourage the States and Territories to repeal laws creating the offence of blasphemy or to abolish the common law offence of blasphemy, as appropriate. I agree with this. However I find it ironic that much of the thrust of this legislation might make it illegal to blaspheme against secularism by raising religious motivation as a legitimate part of life-changing decisions. R5.2 The Commonwealth should withdraw Australias statement of interpretation relating to ICCPR article 20. ??? I dont know what this is. R5.3 The proposed Religious Freedom Act should proscribe the advocacy of religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence as required by ICCPR article 20. The Act should exempt from the proscription of religious vilification, acts done reasonably and in good faith: in the performance, exhibition or distribution of an artistic work in the course of any statement, publication, discussion or debate made or held for any genuine academic, artistic or scientific purpose or any other genuine purpose in the public interest, or in making or publishing a fair and accurate report of any event or matter of public interest R5.4 The process and remedies available for contravention of the religious vilification provision should be civil remedies similar to those provided for in the racial hatred provisions of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth).     PAGE  PAGE 17 Freedom of Religion and Belief in the 21st Century Submissions invited Submissions are invited on issues of Freedom of Religion and Belief in the 21st Century in Australia. In particular we are interested in your responses to any or all of the questions in the Discussion Paper, as well as any other issues of concern. How to make a submission Electronic submissions are encouraged. If you would like to make a submission on any of the issues in this paper, please send comments in hard copy to: Freedom of Religion and Belief in the 21st Century Submission Race Discrimination Unit: Education and Partnerships Section Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission GPO Box 5218 Sydney NSW 2001 or go online:  HYPERLINK "http://www.humanrights.gov.au/frb" www.humanrights.gov.au/frb or by email at:  HYPERLINK "mailto:frb@humanrights.gov.au" frb@humanrights.gov.au or by fax at: (02) 9284 9849 For any queries please telephone: (02) 9284 9600 or 1800 620 241 (TTY) CLOSING DATE FOR SUBMISSIONS: 31 January 2009 Confidentiality Submissions will be treated as public documents unless confidentiality is requested. HREOC will: include a list of submissions in its final report; refer to submissions in the text of the final report and other HREOC publications; and publish selected submissions on its website. If you want your submission, or any part of it, to be treated as confidential, please indicate this clearly. 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