ࡱ> ` ibjbj 0[aD$SSS8STt$XUNYYYYZH]^| $;h^DeZZeeDYYY l l leYY le l lNҝYLU ?PDSg 0o0:9i`ҝҝO_` lab4O_O_O_DDjO_O_O_eeee$$$((0d#$$$(0$$$  Hearing Augmentation A guide for meeting the Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport 2002 (Transport Standards) Prepared by the Accessible Public Transport National Advisory Committee March 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS  TOC \h \z \t "Big Heading,1,Little Heading,2"  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685517" 1 PURPOSE  PAGEREF _Toc101685517 \h 3  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685518" 2 INTRODUCTION  PAGEREF _Toc101685518 \h 3  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685519" 2.1 Paper Development  PAGEREF _Toc101685519 \h 3  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685520" 2.2 Hearing Impairment and an Ageing Population  PAGEREF _Toc101685520 \h 3  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685521" 2.3 The Transport Standards  PAGEREF _Toc101685521 \h 3  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685522" 3 WHAT ARE THE STANDARDS?  PAGEREF _Toc101685522 \h 4  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685523" 3.1 Transport Standards  PAGEREF _Toc101685523 \h 4  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685524" 3.2 Australian Standards (AS)  PAGEREF _Toc101685524 \h 6  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685525" 3.3 Where Can I Get a Copy of the Transport Standards & Associated Australian Standards?  PAGEREF _Toc101685525 \h 6  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685526" 4 IS THERE AN IMPLEMENTATION DEADLINE?  PAGEREF _Toc101685526 \h 6  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685527" 5 DIFFERENT METHODS OF HEARING AUGMENTATION  PAGEREF _Toc101685527 \h 6  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685528" 5.1 Assistive Listening Systems  PAGEREF _Toc101685528 \h 7  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685529" 5.2 Visual Display Systems and Captioning on Audiovisual Monitors  PAGEREF _Toc101685529 \h 7  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685530" 5.3 Volume Controls and Acoustic Couplers on Voice Telephones  PAGEREF _Toc101685530 \h 8  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685531" 5.4 Teletypewriter (TTYs)  PAGEREF _Toc101685531 \h 8  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685532" 5.5 Flashing Light Alerts  PAGEREF _Toc101685532 \h 8  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685533" 5.6 Intercom and Security Systems  PAGEREF _Toc101685533 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685534" 5.7 Counter Heights  PAGEREF _Toc101685534 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685535" 5.8 Barriers that Deaden Sound  PAGEREF _Toc101685535 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685536" 5.9 Acoustic Environments  PAGEREF _Toc101685536 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685537" 5.10 Assistance Animals  PAGEREF _Toc101685537 \h 10  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685538" 6 WHO CAN I CONTACT IF I NEED FURTHER INFORMATION OR SPECIFIC GUIDANCE ON HOW TO MEET THE STANDARDS?  PAGEREF _Toc101685538 \h 10  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685539" 6.1 Disability Organisations  PAGEREF _Toc101685539 \h 10  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685540" 6.2 Government Jurisdictions  PAGEREF _Toc101685540 \h 10  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc101685541" 7 REFERENCES:  PAGEREF _Toc101685541 \h 11  PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to provide public transport operators and providers with information and guidance on hearing augmentation as specified in the Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport 2002 (Transport Standards) as amended by the Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport Amendment 2004 (No. 1) (Amending Standard). In addition the paper will outline options and methods for providing hearing augmentation in premises, infrastructure and on conveyances. INTRODUCTION Paper Development This paper has been developed by the Accessible Public Transport National Advisory Committee (APTNAC) in consultation with the Deafness Forum of Australia and should be read as a guidance document in order to assist public transport operators and providers meeting the Transport Standards. Hearing Impairment and an Ageing Population Representatives from the disability community have continually voiced their concerns about the need for greater recognition by public transport operators and providers of the particular support required by travellers, staff and members of the community who have a hearing disability. The major problem in ensuring adequate hearing augmentation systems for people with a hearing disability is that within these groups, people have different requirements. The Transport Standards have accordingly been developed to improve the accessibility for people with a disability who wish to utilise public transport. In the 2001 National Health Survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 10.6% of the population reported total or partial hearing loss. However, as some people, when surveyed, choose not to report a disability the number could be higher. The Deafness Forum of Australia estimates that the number of people with a hearing disability in Australia may be in the vicinity of four million. The ABS Health Survey noted that the proportion of people with hearing loss generally increased steadily with age. Only 1% of 0-4 year olds experienced hearing loss, which increased to 12% among 45-49 year olds and to over 54% of people aged 85 years and over. Therefore, as the population continues to age the number of people with a hearing disability will increase. ABS data predicts that the proportion of the population aged 65 and over will increase from 12% (2.2 million) in 1997 to about 18% (4 million) in 2021 and around 26% (6.3million) in 2051. The Transport Standards The Transport Standards came into effect on 23 October 2002. The Transport Standards were subsequently amended on 2 April 2004 by the Amending Standard. Responsibility for the legislation lies with the Australian Government Attorney-Generals Department. The Minister for Transport and Regional Services in consultation with the Attorney-General must undertake five yearly reviews of the Transport Standards. The Transport Standards provide people with disabilities improved access to a range of public transport facilities and also deliver public transport service providers with a level of certainty regarding the expectations being placed upon them. They represent a balance between meeting the expectations of the community in providing accessible public transport whilst recognising that the transport industry should not bear any unreasonable cost of implementation of the Transport Standards. WHAT ARE THE STANDARDS? The Transport Standards require public transport operators and providers to meet specific requirements to ensure the removal of barriers to participation and communication experienced by people with disabilities. Outlined below are the requirements relating to hearing augmentation contained in the Transport Standards and the associated references to the Australian Standards (AS). Transport Standards Clause 26.1 - Public Address Systems If a public address system is installed, it must comply with AS1428.2 (1992) Clause 21.1, Hearing augmentation. This clause applies to Premises and Infrastructure. The Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport Amendment 2004 (No. 1) inserts into the Transport Standards a clause 26.2 Public address systems conveyances which reads: If a public address system is installed: people who are deaf or have a hearing impairment must be able to receive a message equivalent to the message received by people without a hearing impairment; and it must comply with AS1428.2 (1992) Clause 21.1, Hearing augmentation. Conveyances Buses Coaches Ferries Trains Trams Light Rail Part 27 Information of the Transport Standards identifies more general, but significant, requirements. Relevant clauses read as follows: Access to information about transport services General information about transport services must be accessible to all passengers. This clause applies to Conveyances, Premises and Infrastructure. Direct assistance to be provided If information cannot be supplied in a passengers preferred format, equivalent access must be given by direct assistance. This clause applies to Conveyances, Premises and Infrastructure. Access to information about location All passengers must be given the same level of access to information on their whereabouts during a public transport journey. This clause applies to Conveyances. Equivalent access Compliance with these Standards may be achieved by: applying relevant specifications in these standards before the target dates; or using methods, equipment and facilities that provide alternative means of access to public the transport service concerned (but not using separate or parallel services) with equivalence of amenity, availability, comfort, convenience, dignity, price and safety. This may include direct assistance over and above that required simply to overcome discrimination. Consultation about proposals for equivalent access The operator or provider of a public transport service must consult with passengers with disabilities who use the service, or with organisations representing people with disabilities, about any proposal for equivalent access. Equivalent access without discrimination Operators and providers must be able to demonstrate that equivalent access provides public transport without discrimination as far as possible. Direct assistance Nothing in these Standards prevents operators or providers from offering assistance directly to the passengers. If these Standards have not been fully met, direct assistance may be a means of providing equivalent access. In addition to compliance with other provisions of these Standards, direct assistance to passengers is required if: it is necessary to provide equivalent access to a service; and direct access can reasonably be provided without unjustifiable hardship. Australian Standards (AS) AS1428.2 (1992) Clause 21.1 reads: Where a sound amplification system is provided, a listening system to aid hearing-impaired people shall be installed or made available and shall cover at least 10 percent of the total area of the enclosed space. A sign indicating that an assistive hearing device is installed or is available shall be provided in accordance with Clauses 16 and 17 at the main door or doors to the enclosed space. Where the listening system does not cover the total area of the enclosed space, the boundaries of the area served shall be designated by such signs. Note: Clauses 16 and 17 provide detailed specifications for symbols and signs. Where Can I Get a Copy of the Transport Standards & Associated Australian Standards? Copies of the Transport Standards can be obtained from the Australian Government Attorney-Generals Departments website at  HYPERLINK "http://www.ag.gov.au/DSFAPT/Welcome.html" www.ag.gov.au/DSFAPT/Welcome.html. Copies of the Australian Standards can be accessed at  HYPERLINK "http://www.standards.com.au/catalogue/script/Provider.asp?Db=AS" www.standards.com.au/catalogue/script/Provider.asp?Db=AS IS THERE AN IMPLEMENTATION DEADLINE? The Transport Standards state that transport operators and providers will need to be able to demonstrate full compliance by 31 December 2007. DIFFERENT METHODS OF HEARING AUGMENTATION There are many different methods, systems and accessible technologies that public transport operators and providers should consider if they are to adequately meet the communication needs of all people who are deaf or hearing impaired. These methods should not be prescriptive, but a menu of possibilities and opportunities for operators to consider to achieve compliance with the hearing augmentation requirements of the Transport Standards. Operators and providers might choose systems (or combinations of systems) to ensure all deaf and people with a hearing disability can successfully: receive all broadcast information; communicate with all staff of conveyances and associated facilities; and become aware of all sounds necessary to equitable access, including those that signal danger. The following is a list of possible methods that should be considered: audio-frequency induction loops, infrared light transmission systems, induction field radio systems and Very High Frequency (VHF) frequency-modulated radio systems (that are turned on, functioning and have signage indicating the area covered) - in all necessary situations, not only where there is a Public Address system (PA); visual display systems, and captioning on audiovisual monitors; volume controls and acoustic couplers on voice phones; teletypewriters (TTYs) for those who can not use voice phones; flashing light alerts wherever there are audible alerts (eg. emergency alarms, staff phones, automatic doors, turnstiles, etc.); intercom and security systems that people with a hearing disability can use; counter heights that do not prevent standing clients from lip reading seated service providers; minimal use of barriers that deaden sound (eg. glass security screens at ticket counters); acoustic environments that are hearing-friendly; and access for accompanying assistance animals, including hearing dogs. Assistive Listening Systems The three types of assistive listening systems that are generally available in Australia are: Audio-frequency Induction Loops (IL); Infrared light transmission systems (IR);and VHF Frequency-Modulated radio systems (FM). IL can be used without T-switches (even without hearing aids) if a loop receiver device is provided to the potential user. People with such devices or hearing aids with T-switches can hear the transmissions from loops even when outside of some venues fitted with them. They can be used in transport conveyances (and terminals, etc.) when electromagnetic interference problems are overcome. FM systems also can be used without hearing aids. They require users to obtain and wear a receiver with the appropriate attachment. People with receivers can hear the transmissions when outside the venue with the transmitter. They could be used in transport situations if people were provided with receivers with the appropriate attachments. The type of attachment that is suitable would vary from people with hearing aids and those without hearing aids. IR generally requires a direct unblocked line between the transmitter and the receiver. Users have to obtain and wear a receiver and will vary for people with hearing aids and those without hearing aids. IR can not be heard from outside a venue where it is installed, and is suitable for situations where total privacy is required. IR can not be used in sunlight (so is not suitable for outdoor situations) which would make it unsuitable for use on most transport conveyances. Visual Display Systems and Captioning on Audiovisual Monitors It is not unusual for people to have difficulty hearing announcements when in the noisy environments of many transport terminals and facilities. So all people, not only those who are signing people with a hearing disability, can benefit from the provision of visual information. This assumes that people have adequate literacy skills to understand the information in English (or whatever other language is used). People who have a hearing disability have specific needs. The provision of such information for example would be the next stop and departure times on visual display monitors (as is commonly provided at many train stations, bus/coach terminals, etc.). This is clearly a most useful way of communicating with people with a hearing disability. One important thing if a visual display system is to be used it must display all the information that is publicly announced orally to cater for situations such as a delay or change to a transport service or an emergency evacuation requirement. All information relating to these specific things must be visually displayed. If audiovisual monitors are used for any purpose, including entertainment of passengers, then the audio content of the broadcast should be captioned. Even people with normal hearing sometimes find it more convenient or comfortable to utilise the visually displayed information. Volume Controls and Acoustic Couplers on Voice Telephones It is essential that all voice telephones for use on transport conveyances and in buildings associated with transport operations are fitted with volume controls and acoustic couplers. This applies not only to telephones for use by the travelling public, but also to those used by the staff of the transport operators. If a passenger on a train needs to use an on-board phone for any reason, it clearly is essential that they be able to clearly hear, regardless of whether they have a hearing loss, use a hearing aid or cochlear implant, or simply find their ability to hear diminished by the environmental noise levels. All voice telephones (including payphones) need to have: amplifiers with a minimum of 20dB gain compared to a standard telephone as defined by Telecommunications legislation, and telecoil couplers with a minimum field strength of 100mA/m. Teletypewriter (TTYs) Likewise, those who are not able to have access to voice telephones are discriminated against if TTYs are not made available. This applies particularly in transport terminal situations, but also on transport conveyances. All TTY equipped payphones must be capable of communicating with all other TTYs sold in Australia and with the National Relay Service. Regular maintenance needs to be carried out on all TTY phones. All payphones need to have volume controls and adequate noise cancelling ability, (particularly those in noisy environments). Further, clear and concise instructions for using TTY equipped payphones and the National Relay Service needs to be clearly displayed. Up-to-date information regarding the locations of all public payphones with TTY capabilities needs to be maintained and readily available to all members of the travelling public. If it is considered appropriate to provide payphones for customer use on long distance trains, then those payphones should be fitted with TTY facilities for the benefit of all customers which naturally include people with disabilities. Flashing Light Alerts In any situation where audible alerts are used there needs to be an alternative mechanism for attracting the attention of those who can not hear the audible alerts. In some situations, such as where a passenger passes through a security screening device that emits an audible noise when metal is detected it may be sufficient to have an attendant alert people who have a hearing disability to the problem by raising a hand to indicate a requirement to stop and be searched. However, in numerous other situations it is important to have a flashing light as well as the audible alert as a further mechanism for attracting attention. Some examples include: where an emergency announcement is being made, it may be appropriate to have a flashing light to alert people to look at and read information on a visual display monitor; a staff member who needs to use a TTY needs a flashing light to draw attention to the fact that the TTY requires answering; and if any door, turnstile, ticket machine, etc. uses sound to alert people to a specific action or exchange of information, then there is a need to use a flashing light or some other appropriate mechanism to alert people. There may be some situations in which other alternatives, such as vibrations might be an option for alerting persons unable to hear sounds. Intercom and Security Systems Similar issues arise with intercom and security systems to those mentioned above in respect of telephones and alerts. In any situation where users of a transport facility may have to use an intercom or security system that utilises sound it is necessary to ensure that those who can not hear the sounds can, nevertheless, still use the system. Some examples are: where a staff member has to use an intercom system to gain access to a restricted area; and where a passenger on a train needs to contact the security officer about a dangerous situation. Counter Heights All counter situations (enquiry points, ticket sales points and similar) must meet the Standards to enable all persons making enquiries to clearly understand staff at those situations. Where multiple counters in one location provide the same service, and the user has a choice of which counter to use, hearing augmentation systems need to be provided at an adequate proportion of the counter points at each location, and of each class of counter. The current draft of AS1428.5 (still to be released for public comment) is proposing a minimum of 20% of counter points at each location. People who are hearing impaired often have difficulty understanding service providers, such as ticket sellers or reservations clerks. A significant number of people with a hearing disability utilise lip-reading to assist them with their communication with other people. This is more difficult when they are unable to clearly see the face and lips of the person with whom they are communicating. Accordingly, counter heights that place the customer service officer at a lower level than the customer are not helpful in this context and should be avoided where possible. Barriers that Deaden Sound People who are hearing impaired often have difficulty understanding or communicating with service providers and this can be exacerbated when barriers to communication are used. The common use of glass security screens, and other barriers at ticket counters often generates problems. The provision of assistive listening systems in such situations is most valuable for those able to use such systems, but does not overcome the problem for people unable to utilise them. Barriers that deaden sound should, therefore, be used only when absolutely essential for security or other reasons. Acoustic Environments There are various other ways in which acoustical environments can become difficult for people who have a hearing impairment. Examples include: loud background noise in customer service areas; poor lighting in customer service areas; electromagnetic interference in areas fitted with assistive listening systems and in proximity to voice telephones; and surfaces that either reflect or deaden sound in ways that reduce the acoustical quality. Assistance Animals It is extremely important that operators recognise that some patrons use assistance animals, such as hearing dogs to assist them overcome their hearing difficulties. All transport operators must allow such people to travel with their assistance animals, including hearing dogs. WHO CAN I CONTACT IF I NEED FURTHER INFORMATION OR SPECIFIC GUIDANCE ON HOW TO MEET THE STANDARDS? Outlined below is a detailed list of contacts for all levels of Government, and organisations from the disability community. Transport operators and providers can obtain information/advice about the various hearing augmentation options or the Transport Standards from either the deaf and hearing impaired community or from the relevant State and Territory Passenger Transport Regulator. Suggested sources of advice are: Disability Organisations Deafness Forum of Australia - Voice (02) 6262 7808, TTY (02) 6262 7809 National Relay Service - Voice 1800 555 660, TTY 1800 555 630. Office of Hearing Services Voice 1800 500 726, TTY 1800 500 496 Australian Federation of Disability Organisations Voice (03) 9662 3324 TTY (03) 9662 3325 National Disability Advisory Council - Voice (02) 6244 8496, TTY 1800 672 682 These organisations may also be able to provide details of consultants/suppliers of hearing augmentation equipment. Government Jurisdictions Australian Capital Territory Department of Urban Services  HYPERLINK "http://www.transport.act.gov.au" www.transport.act.gov.au - Voice (02) 6207 5547, TTY (02) 6207 0494 New South Wales Ministry of Transport  HYPERLINK "http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au" www.transport.nsw.gov.au - Voice (02) 9268 2800, TTY (02) 9268 2244 Northern Territory Department of Infrastructure Planning and Environment  HYPERLINK "http://www.ipe.nt.gov.au" www.ipe.nt.gov.au Voice (08) 8924 7666 Queensland Queensland Transport  HYPERLINK "http://www.transport.qld.gov.au" www.transport.qld.gov.au -Voice (07) 3834 2011, TTY 1800 555 677 South Australia Department of Transport and Urban planning, Office of Public Transport  HYPERLINK "http://www.opt.dtup.sa.gov.au" www.opt.dtup.sa.gov.au - Voice (08) 8303 0822, TTY (08) 8303 0844 Tasmania Department of Infrastructure Energy and Resources  HYPERLINK "http://www.dier.tas.gov.au" www.dier.tas.gov.au - Voice (03) 6233 2009 Victoria Department of Infrastructure, Public Transport Division  HYPERLINK "http://www.doi.vic.gov.au" www.doi.vic.gov.au - Voice (03) 9655 6666 Western Australia Department for Planning and Infrastructure  HYPERLINK "http://www.pta.wa.gov.au" www.pta.wa.gov.au (08) 9326 2000 REFERENCES: Deafness Forum of Australia Australian Bureau of Statistics     Hearing Augmentation Guide  PAGE 8 March 2005 6pĽymaXOC:ah 5CJ$aJ$hSihm?5CJ$aJ$hm?5CJ$aJ$hF>5CJ$aJ$hSihF>5CJ$aJ$hSih^5CJ4aJ4h^5CJ4aJ4hF>5CJ4aJ4hSihF>5CJ4aJ4hm?hA75CJ4aJ4h|hA756CJ4aJ4hSihA75CJ4aJ4 hSihA7hSihP;CJ8OJQJaJ8hSihA7;CJ8OJQJaJ8h8;CJ8OJQJaJ8hP0hA7CJ OJQJaJ gdiy$a$gdw!$$a$gdA7$a$gdA7$a$gdB$a$gd8[ii& ' ( ) E F G H I J Q R S m n o p q r s t u ʼʉzo`oO`o`zʼ j}hvUmHnHujhHUmHnHuhHmHnHuhH5OJQJmHnHuhhRhH0J\mHnHu2jhHhv>*B*UmHnHphuhHmHnHuhhRhH0JmHnHu$jhhRhH0JUmHnHuhAjhAUhw!$hw!$hw!$5CJaJ hSihPs  H   t Z6L d l (gd)]gdiy  ô{ӴӦrXӦMhHaJmHnHu2jhHhv>*B*UmHnHphuhHmHnHu jwhvUmHnHujhHUmHnHuhHmHnHuhhRhH0JmHnHuhH5OJQJmHnHuhhRhH0J\mHnHu$jhhRhH0JUmHnHu2jhHhv>*B*UmHnHphu         : ; < = @ A l m n ·©ve·©K2jhHhv>*B*UmHnHphu jkhvUmHnHuhhRhH0J\mHnHu2jhHhv>*B*UmHnHphuhHmHnHuhhRhH0JmHnHuhHaJmHnHu$jhhRhH0JUmHnHuhHmHnHujhHUmHnHu jqhvUmHnHu   & ' ( B C D E F G H I J ĹĐvgĹVg j_hvUmHnHuhH5OJQJmHnHu2jhHhv>*B*UmHnHphuhHmHnHu jehvUmHnHujhHUmHnHuhHmHnHuhhRhH0JmHnHuhHaJmHnHuhhRhH0J\mHnHu$jhhRhH0JUmHnHu!J f g h i l m λ蕆u[蕆2jhHhv>*B*UmHnHphu jYhvUmHnHujhHUmHnHuhHmHnHuhHaJmHnHuhhRhH0J\mHnHu$jhhRhH0JUmHnHu2jhHhv>*B*UmHnHphuhhRhH0JmHnHuhHmHnHu     ! 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