ࡱ> vxuq Ebjbjt+t+ AAO<] <wtkkk$i]tukI"kkkStk k# H,*Su 4Mr G Inness Deputy Commissioner Disability Discrimination Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission E-mail  HYPERLINK mailto:disabdis@hreoc.gov.au disabdis@hreoc.gov.au Subject : Application for temporary exemption by Queensland Rail Dear Mr Inness I request that Queensland Rails application for exemption from the DDA is rejected. It is of some surprise that Queensland Rails has applied for an exemption from the DDA regarding the application of Tactile Ground Surface Indicators in that QR has representation on the national Accessible Transport Consultative Committee on public transport. This group the ATCC and in particular rail transport providers - have always had representation on the Standards Australia Working Group which reviewed the current 1428.4 and developed the draft standard. This representation has included: Mr Bill Fowler Department of Transport New South Wales, Mr Paul Gelsten, Transport S.A., Mr Robert Campbell, Transport WA - more latterly replaced by Mr Roger Accacio. It was assumed perhaps incorrectly, that these representatives of the transport sector who communicated fully with the Working Group would have done so with members of the ATCC. My response to the stated basis for the application follows. Yours faithfully Ivan Peterson Chair AS 1428 .4 Working Group I recommend that Queensland Rails application for temporary exemption from the requirement to install Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSIs) be rejected. QRs Reason for exemption application number one Possible hazards for other passengers including people with other disabilities. The needs of other users have been considered and taken into account in the development of all aspects of the current Standard 1428.4 and in the review and development of the new draft Standard. At all times the membership of the Working Group has included representation from peak disability bodies including Physical Disability Council of Australia in order that the needs of people with disabilities other than blindness or vision impairment would be taken into account. Pedestrian hazards associated with surface materials are usually ; Trips, Slips or Discomfort and manoeuvrability 1 Trips Membership of the Standards Australia Working Group which developed the Standard and is conducting the current review has always included expertise in the area of human movement, ergonomics and pedestrian trips and falls. The Standard and the current review reflect the availability of this expertise. Peak bodies for people with physical mobility impairment have also been represented in all aspects of the Standards development. Experience has shown that there has been no increase in the number of trips and falls per passenger journey on railway platforms where Tactile Ground Surface Indicators have been installed. This experience has been gained at capital city railway station platforms over many years and many millions of passenger journeys. Positive experience in Australia with regard to trips and falls has seen draft International Standards are being developed with specifications that mirror those of the Australia Standard. Slips The Standard requires that Tactile Ground Surface Indicators comply with appropriate Standards for pedestrian surfaces with regard to slip resistance. TGSIs must comply with slip resistance standards across the whole of their surface. TGSIs do not therefore contribute to the incidence of pedestrian slips. If pedestrian slip on TGSIs then they would also be just as likely to slip on the surrounding pedestrian surface in the same conditions. If there is a problem of pedestrians slipping on pedestrian surfaces whether on TGSIs or not, the issue is the appropriateness of the performance specifications of the pedestrian surface standard, not the TGSI Standard. Discomfort and manoeuvrability Evidence of the Working Groups sensitivity to, and preparedness to address the needs of all users can be seen in changes to the existing Standard and in the review. One profile of Tactile Ground Surface Indicator in the 1992 Standard, type A, which was highly effective for people who are blind or vision impaired but did cause discomfort for people in wheelchairs or with sensitive feet has been withdrawn for that reason and is no longer used or manufactured in Australia. It is possible that some TGSIs, imported prior to the development of the Australian Standard and the specifications for TGSI profiles and surfaces detailed may have caused some discomfort. With the development of the Australian Standard imported TGSIs have been modified to comply and have performed satisfactorily. It is recognised that it requires more force on the part of a manual wheelchair user to realign the wheelchair when stationary on warning TGSIs in particular. To minimise this problem the draft Standard proposes that the TGSI treatment for bus and tram stops includes flat areas at the point where users will board buses or trams. It is also important that TGSIs are not installed where there are sufficient tactile cues which people who are blind or vision impaired can use for way finding information. The Foreword to the Draft Standard contains the statement: TGSIs should not be proliferated unnecessarily, nor used to compensate for bad design. 1428.4 proposes the provision of TGSIs only where they are necessary. They are required by the Standard in the public transport environment because the Standard Working Group is of the opinion that they are absolutely essential in that environment. QRs Reason for exemption application number two Difficulties of measurement of a required 30% luminance contrast. It is difficult to believe that this reason is proposed seriously. Queensland Rail has in many applications of TGSIs in the past chosen to ignore this issue altogether despite several offers from people well versed in the matter to provide guidance. Measurement of the luminance factor of a particular material is a straight forward procedure which has been carried out by flooring, tiling, and paint manufacturers for many years. Dulux Paint Company has made available the luminance factor of its huge range of paint colours on a simple fan of colour swatches also for many years. Automated Disability Access Systems produced a series of colour charts and a comparison grid to enable their signage customers to make informed choices about colours that achieve minimum 30% luminance contrast between the text and the background. The best known method for measuring luminance is the colorimeter or colormeter method. Using a device with an in built and therefore constant light source which provides a simple print out reading of the luminance of a surface it is relatively simple to compare the luminance contrast between two surfaces. In recent times various product developments have seen the emergence of a system of discrete components that can be used as tactile ground surface indicators provided they are of the correct profile and can achieve sufficient overall luminance contrast with their surrounding surface. Sydney University has conducted tests on this type of product and developed a measurement method. The method has been referred by CSIRO building products division in Melbourne and general agreement has been reached on a method to measure the luminance factor and contrast for this product. I have attached the papers presented by these bodies which are now to be incorporated as Appendices in the Draft AS1428.4. I believe these statements of methodology and the information I have provided earlier supports my request that the application for exemption by Queensland Transport be rejected. Laboratory and on-site measurement of luminance contrasts *1 SCOPE This appendix sets out a method of measurement of contrast of tactile indicators with their surroundings. This method is carried out using a standardised lighting source that is an inherent feature of suitable colorimeters and spectrophotometers. This enables the test to be conducted both in the laboratory and on-site, and for results to be compared. This test method is unsuitable for measuring the luminance of translucent materials or illuminated objects. It is less applicable where the measured surface is not uniformly coloured. Note: The method specifies colorimeters and spectrophotometers that are widely commercially available. *2 INSTRUMENTATION A tristimulus colorimeter or spectrophotometer with a diffuse illumination/ normal viewing (d/0) geometry, shall be used with CIE Standard Illuminant C. The instrument should be capable of measuring absolute CIE Yxy or other colour coordinates or tristimulus values that enable absolute CIE Yxy to be calculated. The measured luminance is defined by the tristimulus value Y. The chromaticity coordinates x and y provide an indication of the colour. The maximum measuring area is probably limited by the space between the TGSI warning domes to an 8 mm diameter. *3 PROCEDURE Calibrate the equipment in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Locate the equipment on the surface to be measured. Make measurements in at least five locations (on one product) or on five units of the product (such as tiles, where five units are available). Where the surface does appear (visually) to be uniformly coloured, a minimum of ten measurements shall be taken. Where the surface is comprised of discrete colours that are sufficiently large to be individually measured, a minimum of five measurements shall be made on each such colour. Record the luminance (Y value) for each individual dry measurement that is made. Unless wet measurements are deemed to be inappropriate, wet the surface of the product and ensure that the surface remains wet (such that water ponds on the surface) for a minimum of five minutes. Make measurements as in 3 (c), as soon as possible after removing any unabsorbed water from the surface with a cloth or sponge that does not leave any solid residue. Record the luminance (Y value) for each individual wet measurement that is made. Determine the mean dry luminance Ld and the mean wet luminance Lw. Where measurements have been made on discrete colours and the individual mean luminances are within 20% of the composite mean luminance, calculate the dry and wet luminances as the mean of the colours measured. A more accurate calculation might be based on the relative proportions of each colour (where these proportions might be determined by image analysis techniques) such that L = aLa + bLb + cLc where a, b and c are the relative proportions of each colour, (i.e, a + b + c = 1, where there are three principal colours). Where the mean luminances of individual colours vary markedly, it is necessary to either calculate the relative proportions or to determine the luminance of the product using the photometer method. Note: The use of standardised illumination conditions when making photometer measurements could enable manufacturers to publish luminance values that are consistent with those obtained using this appendix. The luminance contrast, C, of two surfaces (such as a tactile indicator and its surround) shall be calculated using the basic equation C = (L2 - L1) / 0.5 (L1 + L2) where L1 and L2 are the luminance values of the two surfaces. In many cases it will be necessary to calculate the luminance contrast in both wet and dry conditions. The unacceptable luminance contrast range, Ur, shall be calculated based on the equation C = (L2 - L1) / 0.5 (L1 + L2) = 0.3 from which it can be calculated that L1 H" 0.739 and L2 H" 1.353 where L2 is the darker surface and L1 the lighter surface. Thus for a product that has a luminance, Lp, Ur = 0.739 Lp to 1.353 Lp However, for products that have different dry and wet luminances, separate unacceptable luminance contrast ranges exist. Thus Ur,d = 0.739 Lp,d to 1.353 Lp,d and Ur,w = 0.739 Lp,w to 1.353 Lp,w. Since products absorb water at different rates and will take different lengths of time to dry, it is necessary that where manufacturers report a single unacceptable luminance contrast range, Ur,t, that this shall take into account both Ur,d and Ur,w. On-site measurement of contrast of tactile indicators *1 SCOPE This appendix sets out the method of on-site measurement of contrast of tactile indicators with their surroundings. This method is carried out under the prevailing lighting condition(s) and is also applicable where the tactile indicator is not uniformly coloured. Note: The method specifies a luminance meter with a 1 measurement field. Such meters are widely commercially available. While a wider field of view such as 3 might be preferable because they permit a shorter measurement distance, such luminance meters are less common and substantially more expensive. *2 INSTRUMENTATION A single lens reflex luminance meter with a 1 measurement field and a spectral responsivity approximating the CIE 1931 Standard Observer V(l) function specified in ISO D001. *3 PROCEDURE Mount the photometer on a tripod so that the centre of the objective lens is at a height of 1.60.1m (representative of the eye height of a standing person). Locate the tripod over the centre line of the tactile marker array (extrapolated if necessary) and direct the luminance meter along the array to the point where the width of an indicator just fills the measurement field. See Figure 1. Choose an area which is visually uniformly lit. Record the luminance L1. Direct the photometer to measure the area immediately alongside the previous location to the left of the tactile indicator. Record the luminance L2. Repeat the measurement in (c) to the right of the tactile indicator. Record the luminance L3. If the tactile indicator or the surrounds are highly coloured, any significant deviation from the CIE V(l) function shall be corrected for by measuring the luminance of a white plate (La) direct and then through a filter (Lb) with nominally the same chromaticity as the tactile indicator or surround, as appropriate, and known luminous transmittance (t). Where the correction factor F is defined as  EMBED Equation.3  If the surrounds on both sides of the indicator are nominally the same material and appearance, calculate the mean luminance of the surrounds  EMBED Equation.3  and use this average in the calculations. If the materials either side of the tactile indicator are not the same, the calculations must be carried out for each side independently. When averaging the surround, calculate the contrast of the tactile indicator with the surround  EMBED Equation.3   EMBED Equation.3  When dealing with different surrounds, calculate the contrast of the tactile indicator with the surround on each side  EMBED Equation.3   EMBED Equation.3  Compliance is established using C or C2 and C3 as appropriate  FIGURE 1 Through-the-eyepiece view when measuring the luminance of the tactile indicator showing the area measured by the luminance meter. *4 REPORT The following shall be reported The manufacturers name and the colour of the tactile indicator (using AS2700) The location of the test(s) The value of the contrast C (or C2 and C3 if appropriate). The lighting conditions. The method of correcting for V(l) departures. 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