ࡱ> '` 0bjbj$$ 4FF  8lnLy< QhShShShShShSh$mhXp^whQwhk999Qh9Qh99jk@Eb PQpJWB'B2Q4k0lYBp.pdEE^pqE rG9O#lwhwhrlb~sD`~s EnglishArabicFile nameSummary guide - In our own words African Australians: A review of human rights and social inclusion issues/DJD EH,2 - In our own words 'D#3*1'DJHF 'D#A'1B): F81) 9'E) 9F B6'J' -BHB 'D'F3'F H'D'F/E', 'D',*E'9J Ara-File1.mp3IntroductionEB/QPE)Ara-File2.mp3African Australians have so much to contribute to the Australian society, but this can only happen when there is a sense of belonging, when people feel part of this country, when they call this country home. Community consultation, South Australia'D#3*1'DJHF 'D#A'1B) D/JGE 'DC+J1 DJ3GEH' (G AJ 'DE,*E9 'D#3*1'DJ  HDCF G0' J-/+ AB7 9F/E' J491 'DF'3 ('D'F*E'! H(#FGE ,2!L EF G0' 'D(D/ H#FGE J*.0HFG H7F'K DGE. 'D*4'H1 'D#,*E'9J  HD'J) ,FH( #3*1'DJ' There is a long history of migration between Africa and Australia  however in recent years, it has accelerated.GF'C *'1J. G,1) 7HJD (JF #A1JBJ' H#3*1'DJ'  HDB/ *3'19* H*J1*G' AJ 'D3FH'* 'D#.J1). In 2006, a total of 248,699 people born in Africa were living in Australia. This represents 5.6% of Australia s overseas-born population and around one per cent of the country s total population. Since then, around 50,000 more migrants born in Africa have arrived in Australia. AJ 9'E 2006  (D: 9// 'D#4.'5 'DEHDH/JF AJ #A1JBJ' HJ9J4HF AJ #3*1'DJ' 248,699 4.5'. G0' 'D9// JE+D 5.6% EF 3C'F #3*1'DJ' 'DEHDH/JF ('D.'1,  H-H'DI H'-/ ('DE'&) EF %,E'DJ 3C'F 'D/HD). EF0 0DC 'D-JF  #*I %DI #3*1'DJ' 50.000 EG',1 ".1JF EHDH/HF AJ #A1JBJ'. They come from nearly all countries on the African continent and represent a great diversity of cultures, religions and language groups. G$D'! #*H' EF C'A) 'D#B7'1 'D#A1JBJ) *B1J('K HJE+DHF *FH9'K +B'AJ'K H/JFJ'K HD:HJ'K 98JE'K.In December 2007, the former Race Discrimination Commissioner Tom Calma launched a project to build a national picture of the lives and experiences of African Australians. AJ /J3E(1/C'FHF 'D#HD 2007  #7DB EAHQN6 EF'G6) 'D*EJJ2 'D91BJ 'D3'(B Tom Calma E41H9'K D.DB 5H1) H7FJ) D-J') H*,'1( 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B). The aims of the project were to:*E+D* #G/'A G0' 'DE41H9 AJ:identify what can help  and what can hinder  the settlement and integration experiences of African Australians*-/J/ E' J3'9/ AJ  HE' B/ J9JB  '3*B1'1 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) suggest practical solutions to guide the development of policies, programs and services for African Australians, as well as broader community education initiatives%B*1'- -DHD 9EDJ) DH69 3J'3'* H(1'E, H./E'* DD#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B)  HC0DC E('/1'* *H9J) ',*E'9J) H'39) address some of the stereotypes about African Australians that had been raised in public debate and media reporting.'D*9'ED E9 (96 'D5OHN1 'DFE7J) 9F 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) 'D*J *F'HD*G' 'D9'E) HH3'&D 'D%9D'E. While this project is not the first to draw attention to the challenges facing African Australians, it does  for the first time  consider these issues from the viewpoint of African Australians, from a national perspective and within a human rights context.AJ -JF #F G0' 'DE41H9 DJ3 GH 'D#HD 'D0J J3D7 'D6H! 9DI 'D*-/J'* 'D*J *H',GE  %D'Q #FG AJ 'DEB'E 'D#HD J1'9J G0G 'DB6'J' EF H,G) F81 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B)  HEF EF8H1 H7FJ HAJ 3J'B -BHB 'D'F3'F. Just as importantly, the project sought to gather their suggestions to bring about positive change. It also documents the many creative and successful initiatives that have been established by African Australian communities and other organisations to address specific challenges and promote social inclusion.#HDI 'DE41H9 #GEJ) D,E9 'B*1'-'*GE -HD #J) *:JJ1'* 'J,'(J)  HGH #J6'K JH+@QPB #D9/J/ EF 'DE('/1'* 'D'(/'9J) 'DF',-) D,'DJ'* 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) HEF8E'* #.1I DD*9'ED E9 *-/J'* E-/Q/) HD*92J2 'D'F/E', 'D',*E'9J. About the projectF@O(@0) 9F 'DE41H9Ara-File3.mp3African Australians: Human rights and social inclusion issues was one of several projects undertaken by the Commission under its Community Partnerships for Human Rights program. It was largely funded by the Australian Government, as part of the National Action Plan to Build on Social Cohesion, Harmony and Security. 'D#3*1'DJHF 'D#A'1B): B6'J' -BHB 'D'F3'F H'D'F/E', 'D',*E'9J  C'F H'-/'K EF E4'1J9 9/J/) B'E* (G' 'DEAH6J) EF .D'D (1F'E, 41'C'*G' 'D#,*E'9J) D-BHB 'D'F3'F. HB/ EHQND*G 'D-CHE) 'D#3*1'DJ) (F7'BM H'39  C,2! EF .7) 'D9ED 'DH7FJ) D(F'! *E'3C H'F3,'E H#EF ',*E'9J. The project was established with the following partner organisations, which contributed knowledge, expertise and financial resources:*E 'F4'! 'DE41H9 E9 'DEF8E'* 'D41JC) 'D*'DJ 0C1G'  H'D*J #3GE* ('DE91A) H'D.(1) HEH'1/ E'DJ): Adult Multicultural Education Services (Victoria)./E'* 'D*FH9 'D+B'AJ H'D*9DJE DD1'4/JF (AC*H1J')Australian Red Cross'D5DJ( 'D#-E1 'D#3*1'DJDiversity Health InstituteE9G/ 5-) 'D*9//J)Migrant Resource Centre of South AustraliaE1C2 EH'1/ 'DEG',1JF DHD'J) ,FH( #3*1'DJ' Australian Government Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs.H2'1) 4$HF 'D'O31) H'D%3C'F H'D./E'* 'D#,*E'9J) H'D3C'F 'D#5DJJF 'D*'(9) DD-CHE) 'D#3*1'DJ). Over the course of the project, the Settlement Council of Australia and the Australian Government Department of Immigration and Citizenship also joined as project partners.#+F'! E3J1) 'DE41H9  'F6E DD41'C) E,D3 'D'3*B1'1 'D#3*1'DJ  HH2'1) 'DG,1) H'D,F3J) 'D#3*1'DJ). Representatives from each organisation were part of a project Steering Committee, which also included two African Australian community representatives. 4'1C EE+DHF DC'A) 'DEF8E'* AJ D,F) *3JJ1 'DE41H9 'D*J 4EPD* #J6'K EE+DJF D%+FJF EF ,'DJ'* 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B). The project also had significant input from the national Community Reference Group, made up of over 100 African Australian community members from around the country.HB/ -O8J 'DE41H9 (E3'GE) C(J1) EF E,EH9) E1,9J) 'D,'DJ'* 'DH7FJ)  'DECHNF) EE' J2J/ 9DI 100 96H EF ,'DJ'* 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) EF #1,'! 'D/HD). The Commission released a Discussion Paper in March 2009, which called for submissions from African Australians, service providers, other stakeholders and the public. It was translated into 10 community languages and invited responses on five key issues: training and employment, education, health, housing and justice.#5/1* 'DEAH6J) H1B) FB'4 AJ E'13/#0'1 2009  /9* AJG' 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) HEB/EJ 'D./E'* H#5-'( E5D-) ".1JF H'D9'E) %DI *B/JE E4'1C'*GE. *E* *1,E) 'DH1B) %DI 10 D:'* ,'DJ'*  H7D(* 1/H/ 9DI .E3 B6'J' 1&J3J) HGJ: 'D*/1J( H'D*H8JA  'D*9DJE  'D5-)  'D%3C'F  H'D9/'D). During the project:#+F'! 3J1 'DE41H9:over 2,500 African Australians took part in 50 community meetings held around the country, including workshops conducted in regional locations in NSW, Victoria and SA4'1C #C+1 EF 2,500 EF 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) AJ 50 ED*BI ,'DJ'* AJ #1,'! 'D/HD)  (E' AJ 0DC HP14 9ED 'O,1JN* AJ #B'DJE FJH3'H+ HJD2 HAC*H1J' H,FH( #3*1'DJ'. representatives from over 150 government and non-government stakeholders and service providers participated in the consultations4'1C AJ 'DE4'H1'* EE+DHF D#C+1 EF 150 ,G) -CHEJ) H:J1 -CHEJ) HEB/EJ ./E'*the Commission received over 100 submissions (written and oral).*DB@QN* 'DEAH6J) #C+1 EF 100 E4'1C) (C*'(J) H4AGJ)). Focus groups heard first-hand from African communities, in particular, young African Australians, African Australian Muslim communities and African Australian Muslim women. In addition, there were forums to identify good practice approaches; local government and community forums; multi-faith forums; an Indigenous and African communities forum; a policing and communities forum; a community arts forum; and a sporting organisations forum. '3*E9* E,EH9'* 'D*1CJ2 E('41)K %DI ,'DJ'* #A1JBJ)  H.5H5'K  'D4('( 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B)  ,'DJ'* 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) 'DE3DEJF HE,EH9'* 'DF3'! 'D#3*1'DJ'* 'D#A1JBJ'* 'DE3DE'*. G0' ('D'6'A) %DI EF*/J'* D*-/J/ 71OB EE'13'* ,J/) EF*/J'* -CHE'* H,'DJ'* E-DJ) EF*/J'* *9//J) /JFJ) EF*/I 'D3C'F 'D#5DJJF H'D,'DJ'* 'D#A1JBJ) EF*/I 'D417) H'D,'DJ'* EF*/I AFHF 'D,'DJ'* HEF*/I 'DEF8E'* 'D1J'6J). A number of key principles informed the project, including the importance taking a  strengths based approach, being  solutions focused and promoting The First Voice of African Australian communities.*F'HD 'DE41H9 9//'K EF 'DE('/& 'D1&J3J)  (E' AJG' #GEJ) '*.'0 EF8H1 "J3*F/ %DI FB'7 'DBH)"  H"'D*1CJ2 9DI 'D-DHD" H*92J2 'D5H* #D#HD D,'DJ'* 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B).There is so much that has been said about Africans in the last couple of years, but if you look at who is writing it, it is often done from the perspectives of everyone but African Australians ... What a difference it will make if it is our voices that appear and our voices that are listened to. Community leader, VictoriaGF'C 'DC+J1 'D0J BJD 9F 'D#A1JBJF AJ 'D3FH'* 'DBDJD) 'DE'6J)  HDCF %0' F81*E %DI 'D0JF JC*(HF  :'D('K 9F H,G'* F81 CD A1/ 9/I "'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B)... 'DA1B 4'39  %0' C'F* #5H'*F' *8G1 H#5H'*F' GJ 'D*J '3*E9 %DJG'. #-/ B'/) 'D,'DJ'*  AC*H1J' The First Voice concept has its origins in the heritage conservation and museology; however it is now more widely applied as both a process and principle. The First Voice involves consultation on the basis of respect and equality, collaboration on the basis of ownership and participation, and action on the basis of substantive equality.F4# EAGHE 'D5H* 'D#HD( EF 'D%1+ 'D*1'+J H9DE 'DE*'-A :J1 #FG JO7(B -'DJ'K 9DI F7'BM H'39 C9EDJ) ',1'&J) HCE(/#. HJ*6EF EAGHE 'D5H* 'D#HD 'D*4'H1 'DE(FJ 9DI 'D'-*1'E H'DE3'H')  'D*9'HF 9DI #3'3 'DEDCJ) H'DE4'1C)  H'DA9D 9DI #3'3 'DE3'H') 'D,HG1J). A central aspect of this project was the commitment to respecting The First Voice of African Australian communities, which was critical in identifying: C'F 'D'D*2'E ('-*1'E 'D5H* 'D#HD D/I ,'DJ'* 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) EF 6EF 'D#H,G 'D1&J3J) DG0' 'DE41H9  -J+ 4CQND 0DC #GEJ) D*-/J/: " the issues " what works and what is not working " achievements and contributions " preferred solutions and suggestions for progressing the issues. 'DB6'J' E' J5D@O- HE' D' J5D@O- 'D'F,'2'* H'D%3G'E'* 'D-DHD 'DEOA6QND) H'B*1'-'* DDF81 AJ G0G 'DB6'J'. The project compendium provides a comprehensive record of the outcomes of the national consultation process, with strong emphasis on The First Voice of African Australian communities. Visit  HYPERLINK "www.humanrights.gov.au/africanaus/compendium/" www.humanrights.gov.au/africanaus/compendium/**6EF .D'5) 'DE419 *3,JD'K 4'ED'K DF*'&, 9EDJ) 'D*4'H1 'DH7FJ  E9 'D*1CJ2 (4/QN) 9DI 'D5H* 'D#HD D/I ,'DJ'* 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B). JO1,I 2J'1) 'DEHB9 'D'DC*1HFJ  HYPERLINK "www.humanrights.gov.au/africanaus/compendium/" www.humanrights.gov.au/africanaus/compendium/ Key issuesB6'J' 1&J3J) Ara-File4.mp3The big problem is that, even if there is work or even if there is some houses, it is people and how they think about Africans, that is a bigger problem. We get told that we cannot be trusted, that we are lazy. This is much harder to fight than looking for houses. Community consultation, South Australia'DE4CD) 'DC(J1) GJ #FG  -*I H%F C'F GF'C 9EDL #H (96L EF 'DE3'CF  'DE4CD) 'D#C(1 GJ 'DF'3 HF81*GE DD#A'1B) . J.(1HFF' (#FG D' JECF 'DH+HB AJF'  H#FF' CO3'DI. G0' #B3I (C+J1 DFB'HEG EF #F F(-+ 9F (JH*. 'D*4'H1 'DE,*E9J  HD'J) ,FH( #3*1'DJ' People who took part in the consultations and those who made submissions highlighted a number of barriers to the successful settlement and inclusion of African Australians, particularly because of  visible difference .'D#4.'5 'D0JF 4'1CH' AJ 9EDJ) 'D*4'H1 H'D0JF B/QNEH' E4'1C'* #4'1H' %DI #GEJ) 9//M EF E9HB'* 'D'3*B1'1 'DF',- H'D'F/E', 'D0J JH',G 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B)  .5H5'K "%.*D'A 'DE8G1". There was widespread agreement by community members, service providers and stakeholders that African Australians experience widespread discrimination  both direct and indirect  in relation to employment, housing, education, health services and in connection with the justice system. C'F GF'C '*A'B 4'ED (JF #A1'/ 'D,'DJ'* HEB/EJ 'D./E'* H#5-'( 'DE5D-) 9DI #F 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) J*916HF D*EJJ2 H'39 'DF7'B  (4CDM E('41 H:J1 E('41  AJE' J*9DB ('D*H8JA  'D%3C'F  'D*9DJE  'D./E'* 'D5-J) HAJE' J.5 'DF8'E 'D9/DJ. Regardless of whether they arrived as migrants, refugees or humanitarian entrants, and whether they had been here for a short time or their whole life, many said they experienced discrimination and prejudice as part of their everyday lives. (:6 'DF81 9E' %0' C'FH' EG',1JF #H D',&JF #H B'/EJF 9DI #3'3 '9*('1'* 'F3'FJ)  HE' %0' C'F* E/) 'B'E*GE (#3*1'DJ' B5J1) #H 7JD) -J'*GE  A'DC+J1 EFGE B'DH' #FGE J*916HF DD*EJJ2 H'D%,-'A AJ -J'*GE 'DJHEJ). In fact, many African Australians felt it was the key factor that undermined their rights as equal citizens:AJ -BJB) 'D#E1  'DC+J1 EF 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) J491HF #F 0DC GH 'D9'ED 'D1&J3J 'D0J JBHQP6 -BHBGE CEH'7FJF J3*-BHF 'DE3'H'): You start to feel that you have no place in this new land and you wonder what the experiences of your children will be as they grow up, and perhaps also find that the colour of their skin is the only reason that they will not be seen by some as belonging here. This is what I mostly fear. Community consultation, NSWJF*'(C 49H1L (#FC D' EC'F DC AJ G0' 'D(D/ 'D,/J/ H**3'!ND E' 'D0J 3J*91QN6 DG #7A'DC 9F/E' JC(1HF  H1(E' *C*4A #J6'K #F DHF (41*GE GH 'D3(( 'DH-J/ 'D0J JFAJ 'F*E'!NGE DG0' 'D(D/. HG0' #C+1 E' #.'AG. 'D*4'H1 'DE,*E9J  FJH3'H+ HJD2 Stakeholders identified issues around the provision of services, especially service quality and service gaps, as major barriers to social inclusion for newly-arrived African refugees and humanitarian entrants. -/Q/ ( 'DEG*EHF) #5-'( 'DE5D-) B6'J' -HD *B/JE 'D./E'*  .5H5'K ,H/*G' H'D+:1'* 'D*J GI 3(( 1&J3J DEF9 'D'F/E', 'D',*E'9J ('DF3() DD'Q,&JF 'D#A'1B)'D,// H'DB'/EJF *-* 'D#9*('1 'D'F3'FJ In contrast, a major concern of community members was the  appropriateness of services offered to African Australians. A number said that culturally inappropriate services and interventions created confusion and tensions and, in some instances, inadvertently undermined families. 9DI F-HM E:'J1  A%F #C+1 E' JBDB #A1'/ 'D,'DJ'* GH "*B/JE 'D./E'* 'DEF'3(G DD#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B). B'D C+J1HF #F 'D./E'* 'D:J1 EF'3(G +B'AJ'K ,4CD* %1('C'K H*H*1'K  HAJ (96 'D#-J'F  3((* 'F4B'B' D(96 'D9'&D'* (4CD :J1 EB5H/. African Australians said that targeted education programs on the backgrounds, culture and diversity of their communities, and the pre-arrival experiences of refugees, would greatly assist service providers and others working with their communities.B'D 'D#3*1'DJHF 'D#A'1B) #F (1'E, 'D*H9J) 'DEH,QNG) 'D*J *#.0 (9JF #D#9*('1 .DAJ'*GE 'D91BJ) H'D+B'AJ) H*FH9 ,'DJ'*GE H*,'1(GE CD',&JF B(D H5HDGE #3*1'DJ' 3HA *3'9/ EB/EJ 'D./E'* H:J1GE EF 'D0JF J9EDHF E9 ,'DJ'*GE. More broadly, there was a need identified to involve African Australian communities as genuine partners in the development and delivery of programs and services. H(4CDM #H39  C'F* GF'C -',) D%41'C ,'DJ'* 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) C41C'! -BJBJJF AJ H69 H*B/JE 'D(1'E, H'D./E'*. Community members, service providers and stakeholders also made specific suggestions for improvements in the areas of training and employment, education, health, housing and the justice system. CE' B/E #A1'/ 'D,'DJ'* HEB/EH 'D./E'* H#5-'( 'DE5D-) 'B*1'-'* EO-/Q/) D*-3JF 'D*/1J( H'D*H8JA  'D*9DJE  'D5-)  'D%3C'F H'DF8'E 'D9/DJ. The consultations also highlighted a number of other important issues for African Australian communities, including the need to inform, educate and support communities to address issues of child protection and family violence.1C2* 9EDJ) 'D*4'H1 #J6'K 9DI 9//M EF 'DB6'J' 'DG'E) 'D#.1I D,'DJ'* 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B)  (E' AJ 0DC 'D-',) D%7D'9 H*H9J) H/9E 'D,'DJ'* DD*9'ED E9 B6'J' -E'J) 'D#7A'D H'D9FA 'D9'&DJ. Training and employment'D*/1J( H'D*H8JAAra-File5.mp3African Australians who took part in the consultations brought with them considerable skills, qualifications and experience. They said they were eager to make a positive contribution to their new home. 'D#3*1'DJHF 'D#A'1B) 'D0JF 4'1CH' AJ 'DE4'H1'* ,D(H' E9GE EG'1'* HE$GD'* H.(1'* ,/J1) ('D'G*E'E. HB'DH' #FGE C'FH' *H'BJF DD%3G'E %J,'('K AJ (D/GE 'D,/J/. However, many faced significant challenges when they seek suitable work and training opportunities.:J1 #F 'DC+J1 EFGE H',GH' *-/J'* C(J1) 9F/ (-+GE 9F A15 9ED H*/1J( EF'3(). Community members said there was an urgent need to provide more targeted information about the vocational training programs and services available to them. They also noted the need for more intensive support during and after training, as well as training approaches that take account of their needs and backgrounds:B'D #A1'/ EF 'D,'DJ'* #F GF'C -',) 9',D) D*HAJ1 'DE2J/ EF 'DE9DHE'* 9F (1'E, 'D*/1J( 'DEGFJ H'D./E'* 'DE*'-) DGE  H'DE2J/ EF 'D/9E 'DEC+A #+F'! 'D*/1J( H(9/G  H#J6'K 71B */1J( #.1I *#.0 (9JF %D#9*('1 #-*J','*GE H.DAJ'*GE. When you come from a place where the idea of  training is somewhat alien, and you learn through doing or oral discussion, then the approaches that are taken just don t seem to work. African Australian settlement worker, Victoria9F/E' *#*J EF EC'FM *CHF AJG AC1) "'D*/1J(" :1J() (96 'D4J! -J+ **9DE EF .D'D 'DA9D #H 'DBHD  *CHF -JFG' 'D71OB 'DE*(9) :J1 0'* A'&/). EH8A ./E'* 'D'3*B1'1 DD#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B)  AC*H1J' African Australians also said they needed greater support to understand and get the most out of employment service providers. They described the system as complex and overwhelming, with not enough time to help them develop employment pathways or find jobs that matched their skills, interest and experience. 'D#3*1'DJHF 'D#A'1B) B'DH' #FGE #J6'K J-*',HF D/9EM #C(1 DAGE ./E'* 'D*H8JA H'D'3*A'/) EFG'. HH5AH' F8'E 'D*H8JA (#FG EO9B@QN/ HE1(@PC E9 'F9/'E 'DHB* 'DC'AJ 'D0J JEC@QPFGE EF *7HJ1 E3'1'* 9EDGE #H %J,'/ H8'&A *F'3( EG'1'*GE H1:('*GE H.(1'*GE. Most community respondents said that front-line staff of employment service providers should receive training to help them better support African Australians, particularly those who are newly-arrived. E98E 'DEG*EJF EF #A1'/ 'D,'DJ'* B'DH' #F EH8AJ 'D'3*B('D D/I EB/EJ ./E'* 'D*H8JA J,( #F J*DBH' */1J('K D*-3JF /9EGE DD#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B)  .5H5'K 'DH'5DJF -/J+'K. They also said it was important that career advisors provided realistic information and that there were opportunities to get practical work experience in Australian workplaces.H#4'1H' #J6'K %DI #GEJ) H'B9J) #DE9DHE'* 'DEB/E) EF B(D 'DE3*4'1JF 'DEGFJJF H#F *CHF GF'C A15 E*HA1) DFJD 'D.(1) 'D9EDJ) AJ #E'CF 9ED #3*1'DJ). Many African Australians said that prejudice was one of the greatest challenges to finding and securing employment:B'D C+J1L EF 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) #F 'D%,-'A EF #C(1 'D*-/J'* 'D*J *H',GGE AJ %J,'/ 9ED H'D-A'8 9DJG:It was all fine until I turned up for the interview. They didn t expect to see a person with black skin. I knew the minute I sat down that I wasn t going to get the job. Well this was a year ago, and I have had that experience at least six times. Community focus group, South AustraliaC'F* 'D#EH1 9DI E' J1'E %DI #F ,'! HB* EB'(D) 'D9ED. AGE DE J*HB9H' #F JB'(DH' 4.5'K #3H/. EF0 D-8) ,DH3J 91A* #FFJ DF #-5D 9DI 'DH8JA). DB/ -/+ 0DC EF0 9'EM E6I  H*C11 3* E1'* 9DI 'D#BD. E,EH9) 'D*1CJ2 'DE,*E9J  HD'J) ,FH( #3*1'DJ'Community members believed that their accent or having an unfamiliar name caused difficulties in getting interviews. When they attended interviews, many community members felt that employers would be unwilling to give them a job because of visible difference. These barriers were perceived to be further compounded for Muslim African Australians, especially women who wear the hijab. J9*B/ #A1'/ 'D,'DJ'* #F DG,*GE #H :1'() #3E'&GE *3((* AJ 59H() -5HDGE 9DI EB'(D'* 9ED. H#+F'! EB'(D'* 'D9ED  491 C+J1HF EFGE #F #5-'( 'D9ED DE J1:(H' AJ *H8JAGE (3(( %.*D'A E8G1GE. HB/ *(JQNF #F G0G 'DE9HB'* *2/'/ -P/)K E9 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) 'DE3DEJF  .5H5'K 'DF3'! 'DE-,('*. Women, particularly African Muslims, spoke of feeling generally more vulnerable to exploitation around workplace arrangements. Several women also spoke of their experiences of sexual harassment.*-/+* F3'! #A1JBJ'* E3DE'* 9F 49H1GF ('D9O16) DD'3*:D'D AJE' J*9DB (*1*J('* EC'F 'D9ED. H#4'1* 'D9/J/ EF 'DF3'! %DI *91QO6GF DD*-14 'D,F3J. An additional challenge to employment was the difficulty of having overseas qualifications and experiences recognised by employers and professional bodies. EF 'D*-/J'* 'D1&J3J) D#5-'( 'D9ED H'D,G'* 'D13EJ) GJ 59H() #D#9*1'A ('DE$GD'* H'D.(1'* 'DEC*3() .'1, #3*1'DJ'. Some community members said they felt ashamed that they could not find a job and parents worried about the effects on their children, especially the possibility of perpetuating intergenerational disadvantage.#4'1 (96 #A1'/ 'D,'DJ'* %DI 49H1GE ('D.,D D9/E -5HDGE 9DI 9ED H 'D"('! BDBJF D*#+J1 0DC 9DI #7A'DGE H.5H5'K %EC'FJ) '3*E1'1 G0G 'DE9HB'* H"+'1G' AJE' (JF 'D#,J'D. Consultations with community participants, service providers and stakeholders identified a number of strategies to better support African Australians to find and keep meaningful employment, including:'DE4'H1'* E9 'D,'DJ'* 'DE4'1C) HEB/EJ 'D./E'* H#5-'( 'DE5D-) -/Q/* 9//'K EF 'D'3*1'*J,'* D*-3JF 'D/9E 'DEB/E DD#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) DD9+H1 9DI H8'&A EF'3() H'D'-*A'8 (G'  H0DC J4ED: specific programs to provide information to new arrivals about the Australian work environment and what Australian employers expect(1'E, E-//) D*B/JE E9DHE'* DDH'5DJF -/J+'K 9F (J&) 'D9ED 'D#3*1'DJ) HE' J*HB9G #5-'( 'D9ED 'D#3*1'DJHF programs and initiatives to help employers better understand the assets and capabilities of African Australian migrants and refugees.(1'E, HE('/1'* DE3'9/) #5-'( 'D9ED 9DI *-3JF AGEGE DEB/1'* 'DEG',1JF H'DD',&JF EF 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B). Education'D*9DJEAra-File6.mp3Young African Australians who took part in the consultations said they wanted to learn and to succeed academically. Many wanted to complete tertiary studies and find employment in various professions.'D4('( 'D#3*1'DJHF 'D#A'1B) 'D0JF 4'1CH' AJ 9EDJ) 'D*4'H1 B'DH' #FGE #1'/H' #F J*9DEH' HJF,-H' #C'/JEJ'K. H'DC+J1 EFGE #1'/H' #F JCEDH' /1'3'* 9ODJ' HJ-5DH' 9DI H8'&A AJ E.*DA 'DE,'D'*. So many of us are getting through and achieving all sorts of things. My brother is now a biochemist and my sister is a teacher. This really shows how determined we are. Youth focus group, Victoria'D9/J/ EF' J-'HDHF %F,'2 'DC+J1. #5(- #.J E.*5'K AJ 'DCJEJ'! 'D-JHJ) H#.*J EO9DE). HG0' J/D 9DI 92JE*F'. E,EH9) 'D*1CJ2 'D4('(J)  AC*H1J' However, many said they encountered prejudice and negative attitudes about their ability to succeed, with a number (especially girls) describing encounters with teachers who told them they  shouldn t aim too high .:J1 #F 'DC+J1JF B'DH' #FGE *916H' DD%,-'A HEH'BA 3D(J) *,'G B/1*GE 9DI 'DF,'-  HC+J1JF (.5H5'K 'DA*J'*) #4'1H' %DI EH'BA E9DEJGE 'D0JF JBHDHF DGE "D' *F81H 'DI #D#9DI". Newly-arrived students expressed frustration at being placed in classes to match their chronological age, rather than ones that reflected their educational attainment. And if their English-language skills were still developing, many young African Australians said they found the school curriculum very challenging.9(QN1N 9//L EF 'D7D'( 'DH'5DJF -/J+'K 9F .J() #EDGE D#FGE HO6P9H' AJ A5HD /1'3J) *F'3( #9E'1GE #C+1 EF CHFG' *9C3 *-5JDGE 'D#C'/JEJ. H#4'1N C+J1L EF 'D4('( 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B) %DI 59H() 'DEF'G, 'D/1'3J) ('DE/'13 EB'1F) (69A D:*GE 'D'F,DJ2J). They also felt there was a lack of appropriate support at school, including a lack of people who could understand the background and culture of African Australians. Many said they struggled to feel as though they belonged. However, positive support and encouragement from teachers helped boost their confidence and feelings of acceptance:491H' #J6'K ('F9/'E 'D/9E 'DEF'3( ('DE/'13  (E' AJ 0DC 9/E H,H/ #4.'5 J*AGEH' .DAJ) H+B'A) 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B). B'D 'DC+J1HF #FGE 9'FH' EF 9/E 'D49H1 ('D'F*E'!. :J1 #F 'D/9E 'D'J,'(J H'D*4,J9 EF 'DE9DEJF 9N2Q2 EF +B*GE (#FA3GE H49H1GE (#FGE EB(HDJF: It makes a big difference when the teacher says to you in front of the other students that you did very well in an assignment. It tells everyone else that you are intelligent. Youth focus group, Tasmania*491 (A1BM C(J1 9F/E' JBHD DC 'DE9DE #E'E 'D*D'EJ0 #-3F* 5F9'K AJ A1H6C. A0DC J,9D 'D,EJ9 J91AHF 0C'&C. E,EH9) 'D*1CJ2 'D4('(J)  *3E'FJ'African Australian parents stressed that they wanted to establish positive ties with schools, which they saw as crucial to their children s educational progress. However, a number said they felt intimidated by the school environment and others experienced language barriers.#CQN/ "('! H#EG'* #3*1'DJHF #A'1B) 9DI 1:(*GE AJ %B'E) 9D'B'* 'J,'(J) E9 'DE/'13 'D*J J1HF #F DG' /H1'K G'E'K AJ *B/QOE *9DJE #7A'DGE. :J1 #F 'D(96 #4'1H' %DI 1G() 'D(J&) 'DE/13J)  H".1HF H',GH' 9'&B 'DD:). African Australian parents also shared very positive experiences and highlighted the importance of schools being open and welcoming, providing information and counselling services in their first language and being invited to run school-based events, including cultural information days for students and other parents.#J6'K #4'1 "('! H#EG'* 'D#3*1'DJHF #D#A'1B) %DI *,'1( 'J,'(J) H#CQ/H' 9DI #GEJ) *1-'( 'DE/'13 H*B/JEG' DDE9DHE'* H./E'* 'DE4H1) (D:*GE 'D#E  H1-(H' (/9H*GE DDE4'1C) ('DF4'7'* 'DE/13J) (E' AJ 0DC #D#J'E 'D+B'AJ) D*DBJ 'DE9DHE'* DD*D'EJ0 H#G'DJGE. Community members, service providers and educators said that developing a whole-of-sector approach was essential to ensure greater access to education and improved outcomes for African Australian students. They also provided a range of specific suggestions, including:B'D #A1'/ EF 'D,'DJ'* HEB/EH ./E'* H#.5'&JH *9DJE #FG EF 'D61H1J H69 EF8H1 *.55J 4EHDJ D6E'F A15 #C(1 DD-5HD 9DI 'D*9DJE H*-3JF 'DF*'&, ('DF3() DD7D'( 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B). HB/QEH' 9//'K EF 'DEB*1-'* 'DE-/Q/) 4EPD*: allowing students to stay in English language classes until they are ready to move on to mainstream schooling, and increasing resources for language support in primary and secondary schools'D3E'- DD7D'( ('D(B'! AJ A5HD 'DD:) 'D'F,DJ2J) -*I J5(-H' ,'G2JF DD'F.1'7 AJ 'DEFG', 'D/1'3J 'D9'E  H#J6'K 2J'/) EH'1/ 'D/9E 'DD:HJ ('DE/'13 'D'(*/'&J) H'D+'FHJ) providing transition programs to improve school readiness and orientation for new arrivals *B/JE (1'E, 'F*B'DJ) D*H,JG H*-3JF ,'G2J) 'DH'5DJF -/J+'K DD'D*-'B ('DE/13)employing more teachers from African Australian backgrounds*H8JA 'DE2J/ EF 'DE9DEJF EF .DAJ'* #3*1'DJ) #A1JBJ)holding more classes in informal community settings and providing more after-school tutoring programs.9B/ 'DE2J/ EF 'DA5HD AJ (J&'* E,*E9J) :J1 13EJ) H*B/JE 'DE2J/ EF (1'E, 'DA5HD 'D.'5) (9/ 'D/H'E 'DE/13J. A pressing need was identified for schools with refugee students to develop strategies to better connect and communicate with parents from African Australian communities, as well as programs to build greater understanding among teachers and educators about the needs and experiences of newly-arrived refugee students:*E* 'D%4'1) %DI -',) E'3) D/I 'DE/'13 'D*J AJG' *D'EJ0 D',&JF DH69 '3*1'*J,J'* D*-3JF 'D*1'(7 H'D*H'5D E9 'D"('! H'D#EG'* EF ,'DJ'* 'D#3*1'DJJF 'D#A'1B)  HC0DC 'D-',) D(1'E, *G/A %DI *92J2 AGE 'DE9DEJF H#.5'&JJ 'D*9DJE D'-*J','* H*,'1( 'D*D'EJ0 'DD',&JF 'DH'5DJF -/J+'K. It is important that schools use people within the community as the experts of their own culture. There is so much around that is delivered about us by people who are not us. Community leader, Western AustraliaEF 'D#GEJ) #F *3*./E 'DE/'13 #A1'/'K EF 'D,'DJ'* C.(1'! 9'1AJF (+B'A'*GE. GF'C 'DC+J1 JOB'D 9F' (#AH'G :J1F'. #-/ B'/) 'D,'DJ'*  HD'J) :1( #3*1'DJ' Health'D5-) Ara-File7.mp3African Australians who took part in the consultations highlighted a number of factors that undermined their physical and mental health, as well as their capacity to get the support they needed. #4'1 'D#3*1'DJHF 'D#A'1B) 'D0JF 4'1CH' AJ 'DE4'H1'* %DI 9//M EF 'D9H'ED 'D*J *$+1 AJ 5-*GE 'D,3/J) H'D9BDJ) HAJ EB/1*GE 9DI 'D-5HD 9DI 'D/9E 'D0J J-*',HFG. These were often associated with the settlement process and included feelings of  culture shock ; changes in food and diet; social isolation; language barriers; and a lack of culturally appropriate health services.G0G 'D9H'ED C+J1'K E' *5'-( 9EDJ) 'D'3*B1'1 H*FE 9F 'D49H1 "('D5/E) 'D-6'1J)" '.*D'A 'D#CD H'DF8'E 'D:0'&J 'D9O2D) 'D',*E'9J) -',2 'DD:) H'F9/'E 'D./E'* 'D5-J) 'D*J *F'3( +B'A*GE. 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