ࡱ> '` 0bjbjDD 4&&x 6 6 6 F V V V j 8j x'8nL> $$$$$$$$)h,r5$V 5$V V 2'V V $$R V V b ;i O  ,H'0x' ,O2,< ,V @remAl5$5$x'j j j d`k^j j j kj j j V V V V V V  EnglishAmharicFile nameSummary guide - In our own words African Australians: A review of human rights and social inclusion issues C  * - `+3} cc  M* 5u+ }: 0e ev} `+ u } Amh-File1.mp3Introduction bAmh-File2.mp3African Australians have so much to contribute to the Australian society, but this can only happen when there is a sense of belonging, when people feel part of this country, when they call this country home. Community consultation, South AustraliaM* 5u+  5u+  e(p0e e 5p= 2+xd   } +4   H5 (cx 0}  -  u  +x 2F%)u b `(0e -uc 3 5u+ There is a long history of migration between Africa and Australia  however in recent years, it has accelerated.`M* `5u+    (  ,= s*     `E-a pK% bIn 2006, a total of 248,699 people born in Africa were living in Australia. This represents 5.6% of Australia s overseas-born population and around one per cent of the country s total population. Since then, around 50,000 more migrants born in Africa have arrived in Australia. `2006 . M* 5% p E   248,699 5u+  5% ) `-b  5.6%  e 5u+  - p *w E   e    v  b   . M* 5% p 50,000  $}/ +u5  5u+  ep bThey come from nearly all countries on the African continent and represent a great diversity of cultures, religions and language groups.  0} M*  -   .} `  ! 5 `c}c `v} KK a}  s E u   b In December 2007, the former Race Discrimination Commissioner Tom Calma launched a project to build a national picture of the lives and experiences of African Australians. `s35/ December 2007 . 5% @ -   =-a v  / Tom Calma `- @M M* 5u+  } . 3 U.u Mp b The aims of the project were to:U.q  :identify what can help  and what can hinder  the settlement and integration experiences of African AustraliansM* 5u+  0H+ u }  -u }     Ep }  usuggest practical solutions to guide the development of policies, programs and services for African Australians, as well as broader community education initiativesM* 5u+  V 2}c U. +}   v} #u ( ``(0e 5% `0J u-u - `(suaddress some of the stereotypes about African Australians that had been raised in public debate and media reporting.5 M* 5u+  `c u ` *V-u  1u  p   3e 3E bWhile this project is not the first to draw attention to the challenges facing African Australians, it does  for the first time  consider these issues from the viewpoint of African Australians, from a national perspective and within a human rights context.M* 5u+ } 5 %x } - 3E  * U.u b *  2(  - @M ce c 0e ev} `3u u 5%  cu `u  M* 5u+ } s u  bJust as importantly, the project sought to gather their suggestions to bring about positive change. It also documents the many creative and successful initiatives that have been established by African Australian communities and other organisations to address specific challenges and promote social inclusion.U.q s % #  x 3e 0c0a  E b  `M* 5u+  `(0cu `-v} `  e H + %) $u 0} 5p@!d `+ u  *  u } .} 3C bAbout the project5U.qAmh-File3.mp3African Australians: Human rights and social inclusion issues was one of several projects undertaken by the Commission under its Community Partnerships for Human Rights program. It was largely funded by the Australian Government, as part of the National Action Plan to Build on Social Cohesion, Harmony and Security. M* 5u+ }: `e U.v} u 5%  0e ev} `+ u } 2 `= 5- `(0e - ` + 0e ev} U. +  b  `e e -s 5u+   %u 2  - @M p c+ E     ``+ @+(ec ## u = bThe project was established with the following partner organisations, which contributed knowledge, expertise and financial resources:U.q p0(p p u -v} ` + 2 1 @uc 5U-u %+ K5 .} `(s :Adult Multicultural Education Services (Victoria) 3 e c  u-u   u (jv*)Australian Red Cross5u+  @ 5@ Diversity Health Institute`p $ pKMigrant Resource Centre of South Australia`3 5u+   +u    Australian Government Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs.`5u+   %u dp0ec * duc `(0e   u c)  *bOver the course of the project, the Settlement Council of Australia and the Australian Government Department of Immigration and Citizenship also joined as project partners.U.q ``u  `5u+  0H+ - du `5u+   %u  ,=  u *  U.u  -  p3uH bRepresentatives from each organisation were part of a project Steering Committee, which also included two African Australian community representatives.  u M* 5u+  pp  -u p#! p} `U.u +- t  pK `)b The project also had significant input from the national Community Reference Group, made up of over 100 African Australian community members from around the country. `*q * 100 `  M* 5u+  `(0e c u  - @M `(0e p * a U.q C 5p= -  bThe Commission released a Discussion Paper in March 2009, which called for submissions from African Australians, service providers, other stakeholders and the public. It was translated into 10 community languages and invited responses on five key issues: training and employment, education, health, housing and justice.= ` bu/March 2009 . 5% u =M (@u 5p  O d  M* 5u+ }c   u E+b}c    c p}  x 5pu `=M  9 %* (  b `10 `(0e KK} pp-  d 5 `5u  } u 5   %+c u-uc $c * du Mu   = 0% p e bDuring the project:`U.q :over 2,500 African Australians took part in 50 community meetings held around the country, including workshops conducted in regional locations in NSW, Victoria and SA 2,500 `   M* 5u+ } `  - ` 50 `(0e 5e0c}  3pK d  ` 3  c jv* 3 5u+  ->U/5e0c} pp b representatives from over 150 government and non-government stakeholders and service providers participated in the consultations`-u 5e0c  150 `   %s  %s    M  }   u E+b}  b the Commission received over 100 submissions (written and oral).= 100 `  5pv} -6s  (`=M `C )bFocus groups heard first-hand from African communities, in particular, young African Australians, African Australian Muslim communities and African Australian Muslim women. In addition, there were forums to identify good practice approaches; local government and community forums; multi-faith forums; an Indigenous and African communities forum; a policing and communities forum; a community arts forum; and a sporting organisations forum. M* `(0cu u(u 0- a} `p #u M* 5u+ }c M* 5u+ } 5  `(0cu  M* 5u+ } 5  4v}  3e `E p b `p(* %) %+ @+(f} u 5e0c `-d  cb  %u `(0e 5e0cc e-u 5e0cc c ) M* `(0cu 5e0cc V 5 `(0e 5e0cc `(0e 5-%`cu 5e0c  5V-u -v} 5e0c `-b A number of key principles informed the project, including the importance taking a  strengths based approach, being  solutions focused and promoting The First Voice of African Australian communities.`U.q eu  C *} 2@-ed   `%, p0(p @+(ec  `Mu p( @s  u pp  M* 5u+  `(0cu  * * = bThere is so much that has been said about Africans in the last couple of years, but if you look at who is writing it, it is often done from the perspectives of everyone but African Australians ... What a difference it will make if it is our voices that appear and our voices that are listened to. Community leader, VictoriacH u u 5% 5 M* e pc - `-d   ;H  e   # s -  M* 5u+ } ...  = b#  = 5q  u # b. `(0e *c `jv*The First Voice concept has its origins in the heritage conservation and museology; however it is now more widely applied as both a process and principle. The First Voice involves consultation on the basis of respect and equality, collaboration on the basis of ownership and participation, and action on the basis of substantive equality.* == d `E-5 %`C %u 5% +1 #% d   `   0(s * `0J p c-   b * = p3uN ` u e.u `pp -uc `cduu p3sJu pc`-  K `  u - 0  bA central aspect of this project was the commitment to respecting The First Voice of African Australian communities, which was critical in identifying: M* 5u+  * = e- 0  #-  U.u  Es `- p u v E `-: " the issues " what works and what is not working " achievements and contributions " preferred solutions and suggestions for progressing the issues. "  u } " u  +   + " $v} 5p= " } ;;  5H   Mu 5pv}b The project compendium provides a comprehensive record of the outcomes of the national consultation process, with strong emphasis on The First Voice of African Australian communities. Visit  HYPERLINK "www.humanrights.gov.au/africanaus/compendium/" www.humanrights.gov.au/africanaus/compendium/M* 5u+  `(0cu * = ``    `5 u `- @M p( -u u  C  $u e `U.u e+* =M  @-c b `(E ua  HYPERLINK "www.humanrights.gov.au/africanaus/compendium/" www.humanrights.gov.au/africanaus/compendium/Key issues }Amh-File4.mp3The big problem is that, even if there is work or even if there is some houses, it is people and how they think about Africans, that is a bigger problem. We get told that we cannot be trusted, that we are lazy. This is much harder to fight than looking for houses. Community consultation, South Australia  %+    * du b- -  0} 5 M*} +x 5p30e u E } -  b p(a s }  0N}  b * du M  -   u `# ` b `(0e -ud `3 5u+ People who took part in the consultations and those who made submissions highlighted a number of barriers to the successful settlement and inclusion of African Australians, particularly because of  visible difference .`-u  pH  0}  u M* 5u+ } pp 0H+ `c  e EKv} +  q `  E  s v 5  bThere was widespread agreement by community members, service providers and stakeholders that African Australians experience widespread discrimination  both direct and indirect  in relation to employment, housing, education, health services and in connection with the justice system. 5 M* 5u+ }   5KKu ``(0e c uc `  u E+b} `-s 0*} `  `@%s  `p* p H 5u `-  %+c * duc u-uc $   u Mu 0+- u - p b Regardless of whether they arrived as migrants, refugees or humanitarian entrants, and whether they had been here for a short time or their whole life, many said they experienced discrimination and prejudice as part of their everyday lives.   ` +uc 5p  `0e   b!   --   x `  b) s ey  u   -5cx `@ /x  u -3 bIn fact, many African Australians felt it was the key factor that undermined their rights as equal citizens:`- %   u  e M* 5u+ } 0x esx  u  u p@ :You start to feel that you have no place in this new land and you wonder what the experiences of your children will be as they grow up, and perhaps also find that the colour of their skin is the only reason that they will not be seen by some as belonging here. This is what I mostly fear. Community consultation, NSWs ` 5 ,u  . - fs   0e u+b } ` `u   u  +x uC   `u c x F @ u e{  -    0} x b e    5H+b `(0e -ud ` 3  / NSWStakeholders identified issues around the provision of services, especially service quality and service gaps, as major barriers to social inclusion for newly-arrived African refugees and humanitarian entrants. 5 ! M* 5p} `0e   ! 0} `+ u EKu ` }  @-a   v}d `p   u %+u u -s E+b/Stakeholders #+ bIn contrast, a major concern of community members was the  appropriateness of services offered to African Australians. A number said that culturally inappropriate services and interventions created confusion and tensions and, in some instances, inadvertently undermined families. `;)   `(0 c u 30cx M* 5u+ } 0    u  uu `-b  c  2- `c   p##   u  e - } - M -c  dp0f} E s H + bAfrican Australians said that targeted education programs on the backgrounds, culture and diversity of their communities, and the pre-arrival experiences of refugees, would greatly assist service providers and others working with their communities.M* 5u+ }  u 0} `!`u fsc c c ``(0cx eu  5u ``+x  p( u-u U. +} 5 u   u E+b} 1 -  ) } `(0cu `# ( }  bMore broadly, there was a need identified to involve African Australian communities as genuine partners in the development and delivery of programs and services. ` u  U. +}   v} `@-e`u  M* 5u+ } 0K c   u p3uN 5H   sK bCommunity members, service providers and stakeholders also made specific suggestions for improvements in the areas of training and employment, education, health, housing and the justice system.  5 # %+c u-uc $c * du Mu 0#%  ;;  ``(0e c uc `  u E+b}  `-s E+b}/ Stakeholders `  pb 5pu p0%w bThe consultations also highlighted a number of other important issues for African Australian communities, including the need to inform, educate and support communities to address issues of child protection and family violence.`p(* M* 5u+  `(0f} `-u `  p F } C }d u 5; u %`C dp0e u `pp  3Ec 5p- `(0a -u us bTraining and employment5 5   %+ +p Amh-File5.mp3African Australians who took part in the consultations brought with them considerable skills, qualifications and experience. They said they were eager to make a positive contribution to their new home. `-q  p3sJ u M* 5u+ } 1 - c }s   ! sE `ub  ua `5 +x s  5p= (    `-b However, many faced significant challenges when they seek suitable work and training opportunities.  ey p5 %+ 5   u-u 2H   e} Mp } -  %x bCommunity members said there was an urgent need to provide more targeted information about the vocational training programs and services available to them. They also noted the need for more intensive support during and after training, as well as training approaches that take account of their needs and backgrounds:`(0e c u  ua 1 50% %+ 5b 5   U. +   u `pp `5x `  ( E(e 5H   b  `5     `  E-`u  M ``  5H   35` b  5   ``u  1 M u #% u 5% 5cu:When you come from a place where the idea of  training is somewhat alien, and you learn through doing or oral discussion, then the approaches that are taken just don t seem to work. African Australian settlement worker, Victoria 5   H5  `u fs 2!  cp- 5- d  - `%+u  `  - ; `(   @+(e `@   0+ }  b M* 5u+ } 0H+ +pc `jv*African Australians also said they needed greater support to understand and get the most out of employment service providers. They described the system as complex and overwhelming, with not enough time to help them develop employment pathways or find jobs that matched their skills, interest and experience. M* 5u+ }  ua %+ +p   u E+b} @-` `e (u  @ s E  M 5H  x b 1 `5x  %+ 55}  1   5 %+  u     - 0+)  *    8 bMost community respondents said that front-line staff of employment service providers should receive training to help them better support African Australians, particularly those who are newly-arrived. e} `(0e p *}  ua `p `E-a ! M* 5u+ } ``  -u {  `%+ +p   u E+b}    J +p} 5    u cxb They also said it was important that career advisors provided realistic information and that there were opportunities to get practical work experience in Australian workplaces.  *} u  ( E(a C  2-d  `5u+  %+ fs}  p c+  %+   u   5Mu bMany African Australians said that prejudice was one of the greatest challenges to finding and securing employment:e M* 5u+ }  ua %+  u `%+  Fu p= (  s A } - `-:It was all fine until I turned up for the interview. They didnt expect to see a person with black skin. I knew the minute I sat down that I wasnt going to get the job. Well this was a year ago, and I have had that experience at least six times. Community focus group, South Australia`C E 5@-e (5   -  `-b %A- F  0 #  e  q `-b %+    5@% b    u `Ju `- s  u s 2-5e b5 55u  b `(0e s u ac `3 5u+ Community members believed that their accent or having an unfamiliar name caused difficulties in getting interviews. When they attended interviews, many community members felt that employers would be unwilling to give them a job because of visible difference. These barriers were perceived to be further compounded for Muslim African Australians, especially women who wear the hijab. `(0e c u ua c x  - d   p 5 5  x p3 C E    u } - H%/ b e `(0e c u `C E  2@-a =s u 5 e @#*} %+ 1 5 u MC   0x b  } .} ``  5  M* 5u+ }c `p E/ hijab 8H 4v}  b Women, particularly African Muslims, spoke of feeling generally more vulnerable to exploitation around workplace arrangements. Several women also spoke of their experiences of sexual harassment.4v} `p M* 5 } 5sx 2 9 ` C  %+ fs 2@ `@   `` }  b  e 4v} 2) 2c `  -6cx bAn additional challenge to employment was the difficulty of having overseas qualifications and experiences recognised by employers and professional bodies. `%+ +p   } -   `- -  u-u %+   `@#*} `p} -u p@cu  u } - bSome community members said they felt ashamed that they could not find a job and parents worried about the effects on their children, especially the possibility of perpetuating intergenerational disadvantage. `(0e c u  ua %+ c sx 3H+x   } ` {x 50u } .}c `p 5@% u  (  ` 8u 5(Kx b Consultations with community participants, service providers and stakeholders identified a number of strategies to better support African Australians to find and keep meaningful employment, including:M* 5u+  p; p5 %+  u ``(0e p3sJ}c   u E+b} -s E+b} `  e p;  } 2 Fd ` pu:specific programs to provide information to new arrivals about the Australian work environment and what Australian employers expect5 5u+  %+ cb @#*}   eA 5 $} ( E(e u   U. +} 0# programs and initiatives to help employers better understand the assets and capabilities of African Australian migrants and refugees.`M* 5u+   +u5 5p} 5- }s E @#*} ``  d  ( U. +} bEducationu-uAmh-File6.mp3Young African Australians who took part in the consultations said they wanted to learn and to succeed academically. Many wanted to complete tertiary studies and find employment in various professions.`-q  p3pH #u M* 5u+  p(a - H   `u-u %) $u #u H   b ey 65p ( u-u ` @E `p  %+}  u H   bSo many of us are getting through and achieving all sorts of things. My brother is now a biochemist and my sister is a teacher. This really shows how determined we are. Youth focus group, Victoria5   u .}  e{}   b   c-5u* c  t   5p* ub  3    3 } b #u u(u 0- aa `jv*However, many said they encountered prejudice and negative attitudes about their ability to succeed, with a number (especially girls) describing encounters with teachers who told them they  shouldn t aim too high .  e}  ua  x u ;+ u }s  @  d 5p*}  `# u e `  5(x (`p 4v})bNewly-arrived students expressed frustration at being placed in classes to match their chronological age, rather than ones that reflected their educational attainment. And if their English-language skills were still developing, many young African Australians said they found the school curriculum very challenging.`E-a ! p*} *  `M  5% 2a  u-q u- Hsd  ( u - ## # b    }sx p;; #d e} M* 5u+ } #v}  ud u-u dq 5-p u-u `# 5x *  u bThey also felt there was a lack of appropriate support at school, including a lack of people who could understand the background and culture of African Australians. Many said they struggled to feel as though they belonged. However, positive support and encouragement from teachers helped boost their confidence and feelings of acceptance: `u-u dq pb   M ) 2)d  M* 5u+  c  #% (u }  0 - us b e}  ua  +3x 0x s  b   5p*} s   M `(s{  u `M%u `+3 u @`  5u 3( x:It makes a big difference when the teacher says to you in front of the other students that you did very well in an assignment. It tells everyone else that you are intelligent. Youth focus group, Tasmania } p*} Ju 5p* `du %+ `# %) p  2c  p u E % 0# b  u p ` p*   + b #u u(u 0- aa `s African Australian parents stressed that they wanted to establish positive ties with schools, which they saw as crucial to their childrens educational progress. However, a number said they felt intimidated by the school environment and others experienced language barriers.M* 5u+   }  @1ua u-u dv} - s  u M - H d   {x u-u u 1 x 5  b   e}  ua `u-u du cb  H) y   KK } -   x bAfrican Australian parents also shared very positive experiences and highlighted the importance of schools being open and welcoming, providing information and counselling services in their first language and being invited to run school-based events, including cultural information days for students and other parents. M* 5u+   } `# %)  } 5 ud  5 u-u dv} Hu #u {   `+3x KK ( -u   u `E(e  p*}    } `u-u du 5% ` - v} u `c  ( E(b @u  ! p e b Community members, service providers and educators said that developing a whole-of-sector approach was essential to ensure greater access to education and improved outcomes for African Australian students. They also provided a range of specific suggestions, including:`(0e c uc   u E+b} 5p*}  ua `  -M @+(e  ) s E u-u   E-fu (   M* 5u+ } $u p;= b `p(* p 5pv} E-` d :allowing students to stay in English language classes until they are ready to move on to mainstream schooling, and increasing resources for language support in primary and secondary schoolsp*}   u-u -M 5 (5  p ( u-u du KK }s 5;;  (5 `   KK M} F M@providing transition programs to improve school readiness and orientation for new arrivals 5 #  + 5 u ` u/du  u 8 * U. + E(eemploying more teachers from African Australian backgroundsM* 5u+   5p*} ``  E -holding more classes in informal community settings and providing more after-school tutoring programs.``(0e p0(p `   M}  u-u 0u - 5p- U. +  pp  bA pressing need was identified for schools with refugee students to develop strategies to better connect and communicate with parents from African Australian communities, as well as programs to build greater understanding among teachers and educators about the needs and experiences of newly-arrived refugee students:5p p*} x u/dv} M* 5u+  `(0e    } - p; u M - =u uu 5H    sK d  `E-a 5# p}  `5p*}  s E d `- ( U. +} M -  :It is important that schools use people within the community as the experts of their own culture. There is so much around that is delivered about us by people who are not us. Community leader, Western Australiau-u dv} ``(0a 5%  u 0}d `+3x c  5P-v}  @ ;  b ` 3 `   0 0! e u-v}   b `(0e *a `5p- 5u+ Health$Amh-File7.mp3African Australians who took part in the consultations highlighted a number of factors that undermined their physical and mental health, as well as their capacity to get the support they needed. `-q  p3sJ ` M* 5u+ } p8 ccx   . $ } .}  H  u  M  u }  `@u sI .}  bThese were often associated with the settlement process and included feelings of  culture shock ; changes in food and diet; social isolation; language barriers; and a lack of culturally appropriate health services. e  0H+ u - p 2   `c   $ c ` e %c `+   H5  `c  5 $   u ) b Discrimination, prejudice and racism also had a significant impact on people s sense of well-being:   M -c p= (  (u `0} H5 u  Mp } - H%+ :If every day you go out on the street and people stare at you, or you are told you cannot get a job because of your skin colour, or your children are told they will not be successful because they are African, then you get sick in your heart and your head. 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tH (h=hljCJOJQJ^JaJnH tH h-OhljCJOJQJnH tH h!%hljOJQJ^JnH tH h=hljCJOJQJaJh-OhljCJOJQJaJh!%hljOJQJ^J/h=hljCJOJQJ^JaJmHnHtH u h=hljCJOJQJ^JaJ+h-OhljCJOJQJ^JmHnHtH upg^Q h$If^hgdp\N $Ifgds $Ifgdp\Nkd0?$$IflF$|) 2K t0    44 laytljxpg^Q h$If^hgdp\N $Ifgds $Ifgdp\Nkd?$$IflF$|) 2K t0    44 laytljNPpg^Q h$If^hgdp\N $Ifgds $Ifgdp\Nkd@$$IflF$|) 2K t0    44 laytlj DLNPRlprt&seS#h=hlj5CJOJQJ^JaJh-Ohlj6CJOJQJh!%hlj6OJQJ^J h=hljCJOJQJ^JaJh!%hljOJQJ^Jh=hlj5CJ OJQJaJ #h=hlj5CJ OJQJ^JaJ h=hljCJOJQJaJ#h=hlj6CJOJQJ^JaJUh-OhljCJOJQJh-Ohlj5CJOJQJ `@ `  u  0} p(   %A- F 5  %+  u u}  pc   } M* 5 %) $u s! pc   e .  #e b `(0e -ua ` 3  / NSWCommunity members, service providers and stakeholders raised specific issues in relation to the health needs of newly-arrived communities, women, young people and people with disabilities.`(0e c uc   u E+b} -s E+b} 5 $ `(0cuc 4v}c #v}   p  0} - `p u  } 5p bParticipants noted that health issues that were not properly identified or addressed in the first year of settlement, such as dental and oral health needs, often became more acute. In some cases, these problems could be exacerbated by language barriers, a cultural reluctance to discuss personal issues or a lack of understanding about how Australia s health system works:p3sJ} 30aua `* 0H+ u  $ } `c  s@   @(a u  %-5 M $ %`C %D `# #J b ` }      u KK } -c  - c  ##  5u+  $ %`C 0+- u 0+ E } ) ce1u }  :People in our communities worry that they may not properly understand what the doctor tells them or that they can t adequately explain the nature of their health complaint. And so anxiety wins out and they end up not going to see a health care professional at all. Community leader, Queensland``(0c} 5%   0}  ( `e cx 5}   cx $ } - `eCu  = 5}  (C b 5 -@u 8M  $ %`C  pcb c} u F b `(0e *a `5  A number of African Australians, especially women, gave examples when they failed to receive the medical care they needed, and felt that these problems often stemming from cultural assumptions, stereotypes or miscommunication on the part of health professionals.e M* 5u+ } `p 4v} `3 u @-` a 5H  x  ed  u 2F  H - } c  uc @- u @-  $ c   - c ccu  b Community members said they valued doctors and health professionals who listened to them, took the time to explain health issues and treatment options, organised appropriate interpreters when needed and showed respect for traditional methods of healing. `(0e c u  ua 1 %c 5$   5 +-  5 5(a 5H   2 u 5p- @  c   } e(u 3  $ c (# b A key area of discussion during all consultations was the need to support health professionals better understand the background, experiences and perspectives of African Australians so they can deliver more appropriate and effective health services.`  -u  `(  u $  M 0- c} 5 M* 5u+ } #%c  )E s p; d +x  M 5H   b 5 $ %`C   u `c `u  E(e }  bBilingual health workers were seen as an important component in good medical care, as was the choice to see either male or female health practitioners.`%)  ed 5%   4u $ c u -+ p0    u KK p * $ +p - C b Mental health issues were also highlighted in the consultations. Many community members said that being separated from other family members had a profound effect on their health and well-being, while others spoke about the impact of unemployment, a lack of stable housing and family conflict. `-q 5% . $ } p5v `-b e `(0e c u  ua    dp0e c u - q `$sx `sx  } - H%-d y   5 %+ %uc K * #u 5dp0e -u 5u } - p ( b bThe impact of torture and trauma was another factor that affected the physical and psychological health of some new arrivals.`5C (3 88u 0u   } - 2   }   5- f $ } - H%-cx bThe stigma associated with mental health was seen as a major barrier to seeking help, as was a lack of understanding about doctor confidentiality. One-on-one counselling was also not familiar to some cultures.5 5"+u cE s -s  E %N 5 . $ - ` Mp } -  sw b ` c}  `p    0 -u E(e  pbAfrican Australians said that  family inclusive services and programs were the most effective in responding to mental health issues. Several participants suggested that information about torture and trauma services should be disseminated more widely, as there was a general misunderstanding about their role and the services.M* 5u+ }  ua  dp0a pp   u U. + 5 u . $  $q `# %) `-b 5 5C (3 88u   u ( `eu 0+xu `u e p3sJ} 5pu 20!  5 %+ -;x   v} ` C  (u 5`- bHousing5* duAmh-File8.mp3New migrant and refugee communities are among the most disadvantaged groups when it comes to finding accommodation to meet their basic needs. They face further challenges trying to secure affordable housing, especially in the private rental market, given Australia s current chronic shortage of properties.0} M sx  u   du 2H   } -  %x a} 5% 5  +u 5p `(0cu   b `Ex * du 5p (  - e } -  %x b `p    du + e `  `5u+  Mp e(v} %(u 5u bAfrican Australians said that the six-month intensive support provided to newly-arrived refugees was too short and that the period of housing assistance should be extended to 12 months. This would better support families and individuals as they attempt to deal with a number of issues following their settlement:M* 5u+ }  ua 5 $ 5p} 55u +u E-`u -s 0 uq `# -- `- `* du @-` -s 12 +u p+ b dp0f} 0f} p 0H+ } sp   ``  (x }  :It s just a complete shock when you are out on your own trying to find somewhere for you and your family to rent. We are just not ready to do this after just six months, when we are also trying to learn the language, put our children into schools, trying to find work ... Community consultation, Western Australia`+5 p( dp0e +5  * du +  u 5u- 5 # b 55u - `   (    b  KK -c {}  u/du 5cuc %+ H  - 5 ... `(0e -ua `5u 5u+ Racial discrimination  both direct and indirect  was the most common barrier that African Australians said they faced when trying to find affordable and appropriate housing. `(u   M -  q `@%s `p* H8 M* 5u+ } `# p EKu `- `Ex p5 * du + 2H    %x b Community members gave numerous examples of discriminatory practices of real estate agents and landlords, such as failing to supply details of vacant properties or being denied housing due to their family size.``(0e c u 5 e(u p} ce(v} `pp - u   p c+u 3 } E-` b  + e(v} -- s E(e  e dp0e   5  x +ubThey also said that there were very few houses available  either through public housing or in the private market  to accommodate large families, while unaffordable rent increases meant that some families were often forced to move every year:`#   * dv} @(a p (    ` %u  `   + `  0 du + E `  (- u u E dp0e  x    u `5x)  dp0f} `q @) p :This is having a disastrous effect on the families sense of stability and on peace of mind. The impact on the children and their schooling is also significant. Community consultationdp0e p(  v 0  H5 `-   } - H%+ b  `;u `u-sx  H - Mp } - b `(0e -uIn addition, many community members said that being on a long and uncertain waiting list for public housing contributed to feelings of stress and anxiety.`p(* e `(0e c u  ua  %u * du  u e p+    e -    -@u 5u 5p= -  bService providers and stakeholders noted that the combination of all these factors meant that newly-arrived refugees were at particular risk of homelessness.  u E+b} -s E+b} 30aua  } .} +(e u `E-a ! 5p} `p `( p*u } -   # bSeveral community members also raised the specific issue of African Australian women fleeing domestic violence, and the need for accessible and culturally appropriate crisis accommodation services.  `p `M* 5u+ } 4v} dp0e u 3b 5c(-  e `(0e c u 5p p ( d 5 `c   ce  } -      u E(e 5H   bProviding tenancy education programs for African Australian communities was identified as an area of urgent need. These programs should provide practical information to improve their prospects for finding suitable housing, as well as provide information about their legal rights.M* 5u+  `(0cu p+ + u-u U. +} 5 q `5x 5H   p E7 b  U. +} Ju p5 * du H  5    ev} p c+ ( E(e cxbService providers and stakeholders drew attention to initiatives that sought to develop cooperative relationships with real estate agents and which had helped reduce instances of discrimination and misunderstanding involving African Australian families.`M* 5u+ }   ccu   H + @5 {  e(u p} - pcc*u  u `- { d `  u E+b} `-s E+b} `  3e @-g bSome housing support agencies had established arrangements to act as guarantor for individuals applying for rental properties, overcoming the need for refugees or humanitarian entrants to provide a rental history.   0e + du  uc `5p  `0e   ! du + M u   s* E(e * du  M p}   J  %+u Eu H%+ bHowever, there was broad agreement that, in general, real estate agents lacked understanding about emerging African Australian communities. As a result, there was a need for targeted education initiatives for this group on anti-discrimination laws and also on the background and settlement experiences of these communities.5 0K  5u `( ` C  e(u p}c 5 `E-a ! M* 5u+  `(0e d  x b `((; `@(-  } ` `(0cu #% 0H+  5 v  a} pe # u-u 5H  bEngaging with the justice system Mu   0+- 5 cuAmh-File9.mp3Engaging with the legal system and relationships with law enforcement agencies emerged as areas of significant concern for African Australians. M* 5u+ } 33b  }  `  5-u   cu  5 !   5 p} - u M - xb Of particular concern was the relationship between young African Australians and the police, with many young people saying they felt they were being  over policed .`p `#u M* 5u+ } V 5    u 35c d e #v}  u  V 5 A%%- `cx `-bI don t think there is a day where I haven t been asked to move on, or police have come over to us and asked us why we are hanging around. We do go around in big groups, but that is normal for us. Youth focus group, NSW`V 5  fs ED   V 5   `#u ` cb     @`u @  e  5s5b e 0} -  +d -   p b #u u(u 0- aa `3  /NSWCommunity members in all states and territories raised concerns about a perceived stereotyping of African Australians by police and law enforcement officials, which they felt had contributed to deteriorating relationships.`V 5   5 c5 #} `  5 M* 5u+ }  u .}  d `  5p- v} p*v*   `(0e c u 5p ` -   u ``  ` 8u 5p= -   e bA number of initiatives were taking place to build trust and improve community interaction with police, especially with young African Australians. There was broad agreement that ongoing work in this area was crucial. V 5 `(0a - e. %+u u `-d `p #u M* 5u+} - e -} p5 b ` 5   + 3  0K  5u p- `-b Other areas of concern included:   5H    %f}:a lack of understanding of Australia s laws and legal system, including the courts, which could be compounded by language barriers5u+  }   0+- d ud  M- dv} pp 2 `KK } - u  }  underreporting as victims of crime, often due to a lack of confidence in the system  p`} *V-u - u `  0+)  u 5+xdifficulties accessing affordable legal assistance, leading to situations where people self-represent. `Ex   `C -s  u 5x * 5d 0} `+3x q -  b A key priority identified during the consultations was the importance of building legal  literacy among African Australian communities. `-u  E 0  `M* 5u+ } `(0cu      =M `e }s `) C `-b In particular, community members said that increasing their understanding of child protection laws and issues was a pressing concern. Many expressed frustration, dismay and despair at the impact that child protection interventions were having on their families. `p `(0e c u  ua 5 ;   }  x d (- `=M 5@-a } E0 b `dp0cx 5% ;   # C  cu   e} -@u 5 u H (  8 b African Australians gave examples of what they felt were ill-informed assessments by child protection workers and wanted to know more about how decisions were made and what scope existed to challenge those decisions.M* 5u+ } 3 } 0%p d  `;   +p} ( 8u  p0x u 3 p0   3} C  3e ``  E H  b I don t need parenting classes. I need to understand the law and also how some of my culture may be misunderstood. Community focus group, Northern Territory  3  M u-u 5H b    (u H  d    c   p(u  }  b `(0e u(u 0- aa `-- p*v*/Northern TerritoryThe need for child protection agencies to develop culturally sensitive approaches to assessment and intervention was also strongly emphasised by a majority of community participants. ;   p} c  ` E-fu   # C  cu 5H  u `e `(0e p3sJ} `  `# p  p / bA number of African Australian communities also expressed deep concern about family violence, which many viewed as a growing problem. `p(* } ) (( 5  dp0e u e} M* 5u+  `(0cu 30cx  8 b Some said that they felt uncertain about reporting family violence because of a fear of police and law enforcement agencies, as well as a fear that children or women may be removed from the family home.y 5 dp0e e *V-u (  -     p ( b q V 5   5 p} 5H) ;u  4v} du ! }   5  bThe majority of respondents expressed the view that African-specific organisations should be equipped to play a more significant role in responding to family violence: e  = 0- p3sJ} 9ua 5 dp0e u u  = 5 u }  -v} M* `p KK `u `-: Issues around family violence are issues that the community is trying to openly address, but wanting to do it in a way that is culturally appropriate. Community focus group, Tasmania`dp0e u *  u } `(0a `  = E(e / d -  `+3x c  5 (  H   b `(0e u(u 0- aa `sCommunity education was viewed as being more effective than legal options, while collaboration between mainstream providers and community representatives was necessary to develop effective and culturally appropriate responses.  0+- +- ``  `(0e u-u %)  p / b ` -s E+b} ``(0e p}   e( 20) `c  u pb `  = 5 u  ) C bEmerging issues`E-a 5! }Amh-File10.mp3During the community consultations and through the public submissions, African Australians drew attention to a number of other issues that they believed were crucial in supporting the settlement and integration of newly-arrived communities, strengthening families and promoting social inclusion.``(0e -u  `e @(` 3e  M* 5u+ } C  e } u 5% 5cud  `E-a ! `(0cuc dp0e  - `+ u `(s{ -s (  `# 3 `- bCommunity members said it was vital to:`(0e c u 5p u @s p ( :respect and preserve African cultures, heritage and values, including maintaining first languages and promoting involvement in creative artsM* c}c E-6} } `-  `Ed  * KK} `5-%`e H + p3uN (  `(ssuensure that individuals and communities did not experience discrimination or harassment because of their religion and expressions of their faith  0f} `(0cu c x } u u   -u  (0cx ( %address intergenerational tensions within African Australian families and communities, often brought about by changing family dynamics during the settlement process`M* 5u+ }   dp0f} `(0cu    -  M-u  p ; d e  `0H+ E5C4 u  dp0e @- support young African Australians as they seek to reconcile their traditional cultures with the values and expectations held by other young Australians#u M* 5u+ } @ c x `e-  -u } #u 5u+  `e-  M @`   `C support women and men to build positive gender relations to deal with changing household roles and expectations of life in Australia`5u+  5% 5 `E - * %+ -; s >s u M - 4v} } -umake public transport more affordable and accessible, especially for the growing number of African Australian families settling in regional and rural centres.e  z  E ( d `p `  ` - cb 0H(  M* 5u+  dp0f} A%-  5 bMany community members expressed particular concern about the way mainstream media perpetuated negative stereotypes and perceptions of African Australians:e `(0e c u 9ua `p   5 M* 5u+ } 25p  M c s ;+ s `   :All I hear now in the newspapers is that we are criminals and that we are gangs and we should go home. Politicians should be very careful about what they say because they are very powerful. Community focus group`  ` #}  0 } .`}   +}  eb Vr} 5)u `#  @E cx q `# 5 # 5  xb `(0e u(u 0- aThis was seen by many as a major hurdle to acceptance and inclusion in the broader Australian community, as well as a  trigger for incidents of physical and verbal abuse of African Australians.  `0J 5u+  `(0e 5% 5cu p@cu  u `e}  Mp 0  H%. `-b `p(*  M* 5u+ } ec 5e } )  ce7  bSeveral community leaders stressed the need for African Australians to become better informed about how the Australian media works and to engage with it constructively. A key focus was to promote the many positive contributions that African Australians make to the social, economic and cultural life of the country.e `(0e c u  @1ua u 5u+    0+ :  %+  5 `u ( M* 5u+ } 5 u 5H   b `*w M* 5u+ } `+c  c  - e s  5p= (   u(u `-bDiscussion about the role of sport also featured in many consultations. It was seen as a way of promoting social inclusion and improving relationships, especially between young African Australians and the police:5 5V-u %+ -; u `e -u  sw b  `+ u u ;;  sd `p `#u M* 5u+ } `V 5    u ;; :In Sudan, if the police come to talk to you, you re in trouble. But here I am playing football with them and even beating them. Youth focus group`1 5% V 5 %v  ( } - 5% ep  u b -   - 1 - e,  - 5 +s su u} b #u u-u 0- aYoung people said that playing sport helped them build a sense of belonging, form friendships, develop new skills and access other forms of support, such as homework assistance.#v}  ua 5V-u (s %) H5 3- x d u H+ c 5  ` u }  du %+ -s  `s bNext steps@# -}Amh-File11.mp3After hearing directly from African Australians through In our own words, the Commission has identified a number of ways to move forward.M* 5u+ }  u `@%s `+3} cc  = 0 ` d @    p } + bThe First Voice* ==Projects such as this cannot be done  to communities - they need to be done in partnership with communities, from the beginning. The methodology behind In our own words used an innovative and inclusive model from the outset.  `(0cu (  }  U.v} - 2- `(0e - ` +   -cx b p0`0`   % pu `+3} cc   d  E b Citizen-driven change and policy`  H@ % V 2While it is acknowledged that the national consultations did not reach all African Australians, the project was designed to include a fair representation across communities. This has produced an enhanced project and final resources.- @M -u   M* 5u+ } c(1 5s`ud   `(0cu   pp U.u pO b  U.u ((;   e- (  bA solid evidence-base`p(c- 5(- pHThis project has created a reliable evidence base which enables policy makers across government and non-government spheres to develop more responsive policy and programs and properly target service delivery models.  U.u 5p 5( `M -d `   %s  %s   V 2 -} ``   = 0% }  V 2 U. +  u   u 0++ } #u } b A focus on best practice`%)   u(uPeople from culturally, linguistically and religiously diverse communities contribute to Australia in social, economic and cultural terms. Gathering information about initiatives that have worked well and understanding the success factors has been a central part of this project.e c c KK u `u `(0e ! 0} 5u+  `+c  c  } 5p= -  b C ( 3e 0c0e @# .} `%) s 50+ E  U.u   M  b Priority areas of action`E - 0`u M}African Australians have identified areas require urgent action include:`M* 5u+ } 5x  - 5H  M  pw  ` pu:racism and discrimination(u   ( child protection and family violence;   dp0e uincreasing legal  literacy , particularly in and around family law.`p `dp0e       `e ;M 5--u (-bHolistic and integrated response C  p  = Collective responsiveness lies at the heart of progressing issues for African Australians. An integrated approach to issues that across government and non-government sectors can seek to develop individual-focused policy, programs and service with better outcomes for citizens. C   Ju 0 `M- 5u+ } f } p;;  ! b `   %u  %s   -v} 3cx `u E(ad } p; $u   0f} p( V 2c U. +}   v} #u }  bLearning from the National Human Rights Consultation Report- @M 0e ev} -u *V-u  5-There is a critical need to improve cross-cultural competence and awareness for all Australians. A logical place to begin is with public servants, who can then lead by example. Communities such as African Australians would then be supported by enhanced programs and services that are more culturally-appropriate and responsive to their needs.p c  u ;;    5u+  3A 5H   b `c   u fs  -  `3  +u {  b  M* 5u+    `(0cud `c  p5 M u `    U. +}   v}  u cxbLearning from the past H 5-All waves of migrants through Australia s history, including African communities, have experienced discrimination and everyday forms of racism. We need to learn from the past and commit to combating racism and discrimination head on. The Commission plays an important role on this front and a collaborative approach is required.M* `(0e ppd `5u+  s* u  $  +u5 } `-    `@ (u } - -5 `-b H - ed   (u 5 #- 5H   b `  = Mp  5+u pc`- 5H   bFuture work of the Commission= Ju %+The Commission has two priority focus areas which will form the basis of its future activities:`= u `u u(v} 2) Ju %+ 0(u H%+  1:violence, harassment and bullying in the community``(0e 5% uc ( 5H++uknow your rights: promoting community understanding of human rights and responsibilitiesev} E: 0e ev}  Jv} `(u `(0a 3 Project reviewU.u It is hoped that within 12 months after the release of In our own words, the Commission will report back to the Australian Government. Input from African Australians will be sought.`+3} cc   # `  `12 +u 5% `= `  5u+   %u *V-u -   `C b M* 5u+ } p(* - H  bFind out more``  EThis guide to In our own words is only a summary. It has been translated into several community languages and plain English. `+3} cc   =M  --  + e{ b `e p `(0e KK} pp( `   @-c bThe Commission s website includes a wide range of information about the project, the national consultations and public submissions, as well as many examples of good practice approaches to supporting and assisting African Australian communities. A literature review and three background papers are also available.M* 5u+  `(0cu 5( U.uc - @M -u 5 c 3e E-fud  5 %)  @+(e 3 } p 0K  ( `= (=   b  5-=M 3 65u H s*  + (@v} @-g bVisit  HYPERLINK "www.humanrights.gov.au/africanaus/" www.humanrights.gov.au/africanaus/(E  HYPERLINK "www.humanrights.gov.au/africanaus/" www.humanrights.gov.au/africanaus/  A Galla,  The First Voice in Heritage Conservation , (2008) 3 International Journal of Intangible Heritage p 1.  A Galla,  The First Voice in Heritage Conservation , (2008) 3 International Journal of Intangible Heritage p 1.     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