ࡱ> molg 0bjbjVV 4dr<r<(""|||||4,K`````OOOJJJJJJJ$L^OJ|OOJ||``Jzzz|`|`JzJzzDXH`)?& F(kJJ0K;FBPBPPHBP|HOztiOOOJJ^OOOKBPOOOOOOOOO" B: African Australians: A report on Human Rights and Social Inclusion Issues. Discussion Paper The following views and opinions were provided by community members and staff from various African communities in the south east region and the SER MRC. 5.2 What concerns do African Australians have about the Australian legal and justice systems? Older people and younger people have different needs and expectations African Australians generally have a lack of knowledge of their rights and responsibilities about the law The legal system is very different in countries like Sudan and Ethiopia African Australians have difficulty with access to resources: where to go, how to get help, because of the language barriers and lack of knowledge about the law African Australians have the impression that much of the law is focused on children related legislation. African Australians have poor knowledge of road rules and child safety in cars African Australian teenagers are not receiving enough discipline because the family structure is not the same in Australia There are many reports of racism experienced by young Africans especially, e.g. police picking on them at Dandenong railway station African Australian teenagers are receiving an allowance from Centrelink, and dont feel they need to get parents permission or respect There is family breakdown among African Australian households, with many legal complications and confusing rules and regulations that do not support families. There are reports of physical manhandling by police at Noble Park railway station 5.4 What services exist to explain to African Australians what their rights are when they are involved in the legal and justice systems? Among African Australians there is a lack of awareness of support / advice services, especially legal aid services, pro bono services, advice services. 5.7 What barriers do African Australians face in accessing the legal and justice systems? African Australians have a lack of knowledge about their own human rights, their communication skills They are anxious about their writing and reading skills and are unfamiliar with how to approach legal systems and other figures of authority. At home in Africa the police are corrupt and violent. African Australians fear acquiring a criminal record. They fear developing a trouble-making reputation as individuals and as a communities They fear internal community stigmatisation that comes with resorting to the legal system African Australians have a widespread belief that the police are against them and not willing to help with family issues. African Australians prefer to remain with traditional methods (eg. tribal and family councils) 5.10 What can be done to decrease the level of non-reporting of crime by African Australians? Community education is needed among African Australians Service providers need to provide this, rather than police or government. African Australians fear becoming isolated in community but this could be reduced by community education Service providers need to know more and understand more about their African clients There are so many different types of African communities, different values, languages, religion and cultures. And not all are refugees. 5.11 What are effective strategies that can be used by governments, NGOs or service providers to combat family violence issues for African Australians? Most effective is community education about Australian values of acceptance and tolerance compared with African home countries. Service providers need to explore and identify the reasons and underlying causes for each African communitys conflict eg. finances, alcohol Education is needed especially for women, to know their rights and options. They need to develop trust in the education system, and programs need to be developed and delivered with cultural sensitivity. Police officers need education about culturally appropriate ways of dealing with family violence intervention. 5.18 How can governments, service providers and communities work to break down the fear and mistrust of authority that is felt by many African Australians? Community education is needed for police and the courts. Police need joint participation with youth and other groups to build trust. There needs to be training and community education of trusted African Australian people and influential peers and then they can go into each specific African community to train community members. 1.2 What specific training opportunities would be most helpful to newlyarrived African Australians? African Australians 1718 year olds are being placed with other young people of the same age but not the same level of education. African Australians need a choice of training but they are limited by a lack of writing skills and language skills. African Australians lack job skills and Australian work experience. Some African Australians have never gone to school. Some have never even held a pen. Many of the Africans are here not for their skills but for humanitarian reasons. African Australians need remedial and special learning skills in writing. African Australians are limited to unskilled occupations. Many who have arrived already have skills and qualifications that are recognised e.g. accountants working as taxi drivers, doctors working as waiters. Young African Australians are discouraged by their parents lack of opportunities; making it harder to encourage young people into education or training. Very little incentive for African Australian students to find work and develop skills. Centrelink only focuses on the unemployed. 1.6 What career advice is helpful for newly-arrived African Australians? Try to outline a career path African Australians, try to find the existing skills (eg. Arabic, other language skills) and build on this. Very difficult for some African Australians to learn English. Older arrivals finding it harder, especially those who havent been to school at all. Be realistic about training and job choices for African Australians; advise them to be patient, and be prepared to start at the bottom. There is underlying racism in the recruitment process towards African Australians. Prior experience can help but only if the new arrivals have some English. The older African Australians arriving need survival level English. Different age groups have different training and employment needs. Government and service providers make assumptions about the knowledge levels of African arrivals. 1.7 What barriers do African Australians encounter in using services of employment agencies (including the Job Network)? Limited options offered to African Australians. Assumptions are being made about Africans by recruitment agencies, that they are only suitable for unskilled labour. Resumes do not necessarily pass through a fair screening process. Africans names can be a barrier. Employment agencies have suggested to African Australians that they change their names to a western name. Testing and assessments are an unfamiliar practice to African Australians (e.g. psychometric testing) which are often too culturally specific and Eurocentric No interpreters available to African Australians at job agency interviews. African Australians are asked to sign paperwork even if they dont understand it. Some job network agencies have made implied threats towards African Australians (i.e. will tell Centrelink) if they are reluctant to sign paperwork, even though no interpreters provided. 1.13 What are the health, social and cultural impacts of unemployment and underemployment for African Australians? Depression is common among African Australians, from frustration at not using their skills and qualifications Also common are family violence, social isolation and, in extreme cases, suicide Family expectations place pressure on the unemployed African Australian, who feels guilt about not providing money for his/ her family at home, their extended family in Africa, and loss of respect in his/ her family and in relationships Youth have limited opportunity to participate in mainstream activities. 1.12 What can be done to increase employment opportunities for African Australians? Affirmative action for African Australians is an option for employers, or a quota system for government agencies, police and courts. Many companies say they are an EEO employer but the hiring rate of African Australians is very low. 3.1 What are the main areas of concern for African Australians in regard to health, well-being and health care? Concern on arrival is most likely to be aspects of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder but some African Australians wont even admit it because they are survivors who have lived with stress levels for a long time. More in depth and longer term psychiatric therapy is needed for African Australians who have been through torture and trauma 3.6 If you used a torture, trauma and rehabilitation service, did it help to meet your needs? Do you have any suggestions for improvement to the service? There is a lack of perception or acknowledgement of mental health as an issue or a problem by African Australians. Many are suspicious of psychiatry and do not want to be stigmatised by admitting problems of mental health. Not all African Australians have been through refugee experiences. There are many arrivals from Nigeria, Ghana and Zimbabwe who are missing out on services and not eligible for assistance, though they still suffer the same forms of discrimination and lack of opportunity. 3.7 How do the effects of family separation impact upon the mental health and well being of African Australian families? This is very significant for African Australians: depression, suicide, loss of identity, isolation. Family is very important to Africans. Extended family is just as important. They experience alienation and ostracism. African Australian men experience loss of identity, loss of status and diminished personal reputation. Taking children away from families is an un-African practice, and a human rights violation. For most African Australians, the legal system is the last resort. Where they have come from, it is linked to corporal punishment and legalised maiming and amputation. African Australians require mediation rather than being dragged through the court system. They mistrust the legal system. 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