ࡱ> g =MbjbjVV 4jr<r<D[8&4ZD$.yyyC$E$E$E$E$E$E$$%(Pi$ yy i$~$_#_#_# FC$_# C$_#_#_#Pq:!_#/$$0$_#(" (_#(_#y _# yyyi$i$+#4yyy$ (yyyyyyyyy :  A Response to the 鱨վ Draft Discussion Paper African Australians: A report on human rights and social inclusion issues Compiled by: Paul Lees July 2009 Franklin Thomas once said: One day our descendants will think it incredible that we paid so much attention to things like the amount of melanin in our skin or the shape of our eyes or our gender, instead of the unique identities of each of us as complex human beings. Having worked with diverse communities both as an employee of Victoria Police and the Department of Justice, I have had the privilege of meeting many African Australians. Despite their hardships and sacrifices, in my experience, most have made a conscious decision to embrace the opportunities offered in a strange and far away land and to the best of their ability, carve out a new life for themselves in Australia. However, African Australians face new challenges both real and perceived, including negative perceptions about African migrants to Victoria, demonstrated through and a reported increase in racial abuse and discrimination. This story is about my observations of Duol and Gambella and their employment seeking experiences in Australia. Duol, and Gambella, were born in Gambella refugee camp in Ethiopia. Both their parents were born in Sudan, a country suffering due to a long civil war, which started soon after Sudan declared independence from British-Egyptian rule in 1956 and continued until 1972. A peace agreement in 2005 failed to stem the carnage in Darfur where unrest has lingered since 2003. In recent conflicts, more than four million Sudanese have been displaced to neighbouring countries including Ethiopia, Kenya and Eritrea and over two million people killed. They lived for years in canvas refugee camps, some housing up to 80,000 people, in extreme heat, with little consumable water, minimal food and provisions, dependent on aid, in the shadow of violence, separated from kin and spiritual connection with their homeland. Refugee camps, like Gambella Camp in Ethiopia, are dangerous places to grow up, where rape, assault and murder occur daily. Only the lucky survive unaffected. Duol and Gambella, with their generous smiles, easy gaits and friendly natures, both bely an unenviable childhood. They were aware of their dangerous surroundings, but with nothing to compare it to, it did not seem abnormal. A sad outcome from civil war is that elders are lost to communities and young men like Duol and Gambella, are forced to shoulder status beyond their years and cope with the knowledge of cruelties, best unknown at such a young age. These legacies can be lasting, even when families have escaped the despairs of the camps and seek refuge in western havens through the United Nations High Commission for Refugees program. Thousands of people born in Sudan or of Sudanese parentage have found homes in Australia. Many found homes in Geelong, which is where I first met cousins Duol and Gambella. In 2007, I developed and coordinated theYES2 program (Young Endeavour Scheme for Youth and Emergency Services) for disadvantaged Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) and Koori Youth. Geelong agencies sourced at risk young people as participants for the program, two of whom were Duol and Gambella. The program had three phases, commencing with phase one, a three day camp where all partner agencies, presented on employment, recruitment and volunteering opportunities. With the second phase involving a fitness, aquatic and first aid component. Six participants who completed both phase one and two, were selected for phase three, to accompany me, on an eleven day voyage aboard the Young Endeavour, sailing from Port Lincoln to Geelong. Employment opportunities would be offered to participants who completed the voyage by way of an apprenticeship with the Skilled Group. Those not selected would participate in an alternate adventure based activity, and sourced additional employment or educational options. Duol, now 19, was friendly, polite, and had a dignified presence. His desire was to gain employment as an engineer and to one day return to Africa and help rebuild southern Sudan, somewhere he had never been. Gambella was the opposite, shy and shifting uneasily from side to side when asked questions. His answers were softly spoken and short. I would later discover that Gambella was secretly hoping that being involved in the YES2 program would raise his profile at his school and increase his chances of getting a girlfriend. A baseball cap hid his eyes, but not his smile, as he realised he had an opportunity to experience something special. A pre-voyage presentation from Jessie Martin, the youngest person to sail solo around the world, helped raise the excitement levels of all involved. We set off nervously from Port Lincoln on December 1, 2007, and arrived safely in Geelong on December 11, to an amazing reception, which included members of local Koori and African communities. The participants were able to share their experience with twenty-four other young people from all over Australia and test their leadership skills, including navigation, sail unfurling and decision making under the extremes of weather conditions, sickness and sleep deprivation. Duol and Gambella enjoyed the interaction with the other youth crew but did not enjoy the lack of sleep, 30 second showers and cramped living conditions. I was amazed at their lack of fear in scaling the mast at all hours, both day and night, to carry out instructions without hesitation or complaint. Gambella and Duol, both confessed that the voyage was the first time they had ever washed dishes, because in their culture, this task was for women only. This voyage was the first time the Young Endeavour Youth Scheme had welcomed African Australians as youth crew. The Young Endeavour was celebrating its 20 Year Anniversary, and as a result invited three YES2 participants, Duol, Gambella and Longdy, who were all over eighteen years of age, to be youth crew members aboard the Young Endeavour, in the 63rd Annual Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, 2007. This would be the first time in the events sixty-three year history, that African Australians had been participants. A pre-voyage meeting with John Bertrand AM, highlighted the significance of what lay ahead for these young men on their second voyage at sea within a month. John Bertrand, a veteran of many Sydney to Hobart campaigns, spoke honestly about seasickness and the dangers involved in crossing Bass Strait. He also took the time to listen to their respective stories and offered advice on what he felt they needed to succeed in life in Australia. He simply stated they needed passion, the values of honesty, trust, mates and to just do it.  Sailing and life coaching from John Bertrand AM. Duol, Gambella, Longdy and I arrived in Sydney on Christmas Day, 2007, and shared a BBQ Christmas dinner aboard the Young Endeavour with Royal Australian Navy personnel. On Boxing Day, before the start of the race, Young Endeavour rigger and navigator, Noakes Youth Director Sean Langman, was interviewed by various media representatives, and gestured for Duol and Gambella to join him, which they gladly did.  Sean Langman, Gambella and Duol, The start of the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race is a fantastic, adrenalin charged event of organised chaos. We followed the fleet to Tasmania, strategically positioned at the rear of the fleet and anchored at Port Arthur, allowing the smaller vessels time to navigate up the Derwent River ahead of us. We went ashore and visited the memorial erected in honour of the thirty five people killed and twenty one injured in Port Arthur tragedy on April 28, 1996. John Bertrand had spoken briefly of the memorial and his association with the Alannah and Madeline Foundation, of which he is the current chairman. Having first met Duol and Gambella in September 2007, and having spent considerable time in their company, this was the first time they confided in me about some of their experiences at Gambella Camp. We sat amongst the Port Arthur ruins and I listened to their stories, moved by the burdens that my young friends had to endure and sadly still carry. We arrived safely, but exhausted in Hobart after five days at sea, to claim last place honours. We celebrated briefly with the crew and well wishers on an unusually warm, Tasmanian New Years Eve. Duol, Gambella and Longdy, were all in bed before midnight and I not long after. On the first voyage to Geelong, Duol and Gambella were cautious in their interaction with the other crew members. On the second voyage to Hobart, there were no barriers or shyness and because the sailing terms were still fresh in their minds, they enjoyed knowing the expectations. The fact that this program was implemented prior to a federal election, initially had an enormous impact on securing funds for the project. I was informed directly and indirectly that certain agencies would not financially support the program due to some participants being, African Australian. The YES2 projects vision was to support and develop the leadership capabilities of CALD young people who are unemployed or disengaged from the education system and encourage them to embrace their potential and celebrate their success through training and employment opportunities. At the conclusion of the program, all twelve participants, were presented with a Level 2 First Aid qualification, a current resume and a YES2 program participation certificate. In addition, six participants, including Duol and Gambella, received employment offers, in the form of apprenticeships with the Skilled Group. However, only two participants were successful in passing the employment criteria. Duol and Gambella declined respective Skilled Group offers and decided to return to school to further their education and improve their English comprehension skills, to increase their employment opportunities. Did the YES2 program set unachievable goals for some of the participants? Was it unrealistic in expecting young refugees, in particular African Australians, who had learnt and honed their English skills in the Ethiopian refugee camps, to have a confident comprehension of the English language, including completing Year 11 standard schooling and enter the workforce all within three years of arriving in Victoria? Discussion Paper, African Australians Project: 1. Education and Employment. Access to education and training: 1.1: What barriers do African Australians face in accessing education and training opportunities? Duol and Gambella did not accept apprenticeships with the Skilled Group for a variety of reasons. Due to the current economic climate the Skilled Group could not offer regional employment to Duol and Gambella in or near Geelong. Had they accepted positions, they were expected to leave their family support networks and relocate to Melbourne, on low trainee wages. Their lack of confidence in their own English comprehension was also a factor and the requirement to attend TAFE on a regular basis was a daunting proposition for them. However, I commend the Skilled Group for considering all the YES2 participants as potential employers. Other organisations I approached were not interested in employing CALD youth, in particular African Australians and did not elaborate on a specific reason. 1.2: What specific education and training opportunities would be most helpful to newly-arrived African Australians? The reason the YES2 programs adventure based, sailing component was embraced by Duol and Gambella, was because it provided them an opportunity to show the other youth crew participants, that they were of equal status. Different people learn by different methods and even though Duol and Gambella may have struggled with the initial comprehension of sailing terminology and briefings, they excelled when shown what was required, especially in adverse conditions. Their ability to absorb information visually and then practically apply that knowledge was outstanding. As a qualified outdoor educator, I previously briefed African Australians in the use of applying a safety harness, prior to climbing and abseiling. On several occasions, I have conducted safety briefings in silence (in the absence of an interpreter) and found the participants understood my briefing and effectively applied what was required with minimal repetition or additional demonstration. Encouraging the implementation of mentoring programs with genuine follow-up, is essential. Having a mentor or role model, especially an African Australian to turn to or aspire to, would be an invaluable support mechanism for any program offering education or training opportunities. Employment and training needs: 1.12: Please comment on what is meant by securing meaningful employment from your personal and/or professional perspective? Initially, YES2 participants felt all that they could achieve, is manual labour employment. I believe, meaningful employment, is aiming to secure something you want to do, not something you have to do because that is all that will be offered to you or is expected of you. I have spoken to several young African Australians who aspire to become lawyers or doctors, only to have their dreams disparaged by teachers and career advisors who believe they lack the commitment and intelligence to complete tertiary studies. Several young African Australian women have been advised to seek careers in heath or aged care, cleaning and hospitality or marry and start a family. Employment opportunities: 1.18: What are the key challenges faced by African Australians in finding and retaining employment (eg. Recognition of qualifications, English language requirements etc)? Comprehension of the English language is a challenge for African Australians. Understanding and embracing Australian culture can be a workplace challenge as there is an emphasis on employees fitting in. This includes catching up for drinks with work colleagues on a Friday afternoon, participating in the office footy tipping competition or Caulfield and Melbourne Cup sweeps. The ability to converse in small talk, such as enquiring about which football team you support, hobbies and interests, are factors that employers consider when hiring employees at interviews. Punctuality, is a concept that some African Australians do not consider culturally important and this could be an issue with potential employers. 1.19: What can be done to increase employment opportunities for African Australians? Provide African Australians with training and qualification opportunities that they can incorporate in their respective Curriculum Vitae. For example, when compiling resumes for YES2 participants, I identified a lack of opportunity to access training and information for them at minimal or no cost. One of the desired outcomes for YES2 program participants, was to create a documented history, including a Level 2 First Aid Qualification and aquatic training to prepare them for their Bronze Medallion. Volunteering contacts with organisations such as St Johns Ambulance and the State Emergency Service (SES), could provide documented work experience for those who had been previously been refused or denied work experience opportunities. By providing YES2 participants with some recognised qualifications, increased their confidence to consider entering the workforce and be competitive against other young applicants for employment opportunities. Youth participation is a frequently used term by service providers. Strategies that involve, engage and empower young people are vital for young people to be able to articulate their needs and concerns and influence decisions that affect their lives. However, most existing participation activities often exclude young people from migrant and refugee backgrounds. This is predominantly due, not only to the inappropriateness of some programs but to the access barriers confronting socially isolated CALD youth from emerging communities. The true potential of these youth is often not realised and there is a lack of acknowledgement of their strengths and capabilities. We recognise the importance of engaging CALD youth from emerging communities (African Communities) with leadership programs with career pathways, to prevent them from adopting negative behaviours and practices, and the individual, social and economic costs that arise as a consequence. Effectively engaging CALD youth, in particular, African Australian youth, in a positive environment serves to enhance their participation, enthusiasm, and interest in learning and development, often helping young people to improve confidence as positive role models for their peers, and enhancing a willingness to positively contribute to their local community. The YES2 proposal, was based on a solutions focused approach in cultivating CALD youth, including young African Australians from emerging communities to strengthen their sense of belonging. I am confident that by Duol and Gambella participating in the program they have created a lasting difference in how they embrace their future, contribute directly to their integration and improve the overall social cohesiveness of our society. Duol and Gambella are currently seeking employment in Geelong and Ballarat respectively. I am proud of all the YES2 participants, in particular Duol and Gambella and continue to follow their progress in life.     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