ࡱ> {}zg AGbjbjVV .vr<r<?%nnnnn8><Uzz"wwwTTTTTTT$VYTnwwTnnT   FnnT T  470g|]R5|TT0U5\?Z?Z07?Zn7|wk rwwwTTjwwwU?Zwwwwwwwww 4: To: The 鱨վ Date: July 2009 Submission Title Submission to the 鱨վ - African Australians: Human Rights & Social Inclusion Discussion Paper Introduction Thank you for the opportunity to express views relevant in the continuing building of an inclusive Australia. In keeping with the aims of the Commissions project, this submission highlights particular settlement experiences that a number of African-Australians encounter that are perceived to have a Human Rights dimension. Contributors to this submission also proposed some solutions that they felt can play an important part in informing policy practices. This submission was compiled by Dr Pendo Mwaiteleke, a volunteer in the multicultural sector at both state and national level. Dr Mwaiteleke is a Lecturer in Social Work & Social Policy at Curtin University of Technology in Western Australia. The submission is made on behalf of a number of Africans living in Perth. Contributors are African-Australian, originally from various parts of Sub-Sahara Africa. The group included contributors who are new arrivals as well as those that have been in Australia for a much longer period. They also comprised diverse backgrounds and experiences in terms of gender, age and settlement experience. In this submission, it was also felt useful to make use of a range of direct quotes where relevant, as a number of contributors are keen to have their input best illuminated in this particular way. Employment A number of people reported particular barriers in accessing employment. There is a perception that some of these difficulties are partly connected to discrimination. The following points are noted verbatim to capture views expressed by contributors: You can speak perfect English, but you are still discriminated against. Discrimination in employment is more systemic. You may not go past the name. It will be good to be given a chance, sometimes you know someone is making judgements based on the sound of your name. Advancement in employment is halted. Some organisations only look at newcomers as suited to being recipient of charity, it is very hard to change the mindset in some organisations that African Australians are just like anyone, keen to work and find opportunities to realise their full potential. There is no longer any auditing of public sector standards concepts of Access & Equity seem to have disappeared. Some Africans are striving for more University qualifications to a point where they could be seen to be over-qualified and suffer disadvantage as a result. Africans who enter as refugees are more disadvantaged than those who enter as non-refugees. The latter are looked down upon and stigmatised. Some employers dont look beyond the notion of a refugee. Whilst refugees have special needs, it is more helpful where the community understands that a refugee is a human being with diverse interests - and that refugees like anyone else are keen to build a productive life in their new country. It was expressed that some employers tell people they do not qualify for a particular job, but are told at the same time that they can be accommodated in another lower position in the same organisation. This has been a cause of concern for some who felt unclear of the reasons for not getting a job they originally applied for in the first place. Some people also reported that in their own countries they held various employment roles. They stated that they are very surprised when they come here and find that employers are more inclined to see the entitlement being confined to what they perceive to be subordinate roles. For these African-Australians, this was a significant challenging shift in encountered expectations compared to roles they did in their country of origin. Some community members were also concerned that as soon as they mention barriers to participating in leadership roles during community consultation forums, experts tend to rush through with solutions that they need mentor programs, which reduces the problem to being about lack capacity. Participants noted that they did not dismiss notions of mentoring, but wanted the existing African community skills not to be overlooked. They spoke of their interest in wanting to use these skills in fostering a more inclusive and harmonious Australia. From the view of this group, it was clear they felt the opportunity for recognition of productive diversity was not being fully actualised, and that in the process, particular productive resources and talents are left underutilised. For example, a couple of participants explained that some children are not coping as well in the school system. They wondered why Schools and education authorities dont make use of existing talent within the community as an important strategy in fostering effective participation of children in their particular schools. We say involve Africans in teaching programs. We also know some people go through AMES programs, six years later they cant speak English. So at least recognise community skills. Africans are not simply people that come here in a state of deprivation. They have much to offer in diverse areas inclusion is not just about looking at deficits.I fear sometimes because I would not like to see an under-class developing with problems like we saw in France. Okay, we know there are problems even here, but we dont want major problems. Our people [African-Australian] are really trying hard; they are determined and are persevering. These days when Africans here about a program, they approach service providers, they take initiative. [Quoting one participant] Concerns were also expressed about unskilled refugees who only had access to unskilled jobs. There is a perception from some community leaders that refugees who remain unskilled and confined to precarious jobs are going to suffer in terms of life-long earnings and lack of improvements in labour market participation. Workplace safety was also identified as an issue for unskilled refugees with limited literacy level. It was also stated by some participants that the concept of disability as currently constructed in policy terms is apparently fraught with difficulties. Participants requested that the Commission encourage the government to look closely at workings of disability policies that interface Centrelink, Job Network (or the new Australia Employment Services). They suggested some attention go into looking at the experiences of clients and carers that are required to do to fulfil multiple roles as part of their obligation requirements. Some people also expressed that there was a feeling of ambivalence concerning employment forms that require them to disclose if they have ever received workers compensation. Apparently some were fearful of stigmatisation and a possibility of losing a job. Income support participation requirements through Centrelink are reportedly often in collision course with other participation demands expected of some of the migrants accessing AMES programs. It was noted that every agency wants you to meet the expected participation requirement. Centrelink says you cant miss their requirements and AMES also says you cant miss their requirements. The clientele is pulled in different directionsbut I feel like some of this is like ticking boxes rather than systematic type of participation empowering to the client. Recommended Strategies That the government consider re-introducing Access and Equity reporting & monitoring practices. That truly inclusive Access & Equity strategies need to be constructed beyond current notions of the Public Service Charter. That Access & Equity strategy recognise that the new communities bring with them abilities, skills and capacities. Inclusion strategies work better if they recognise, engage with and can reward abilities and skills that individuals and communities bring to various programs and participation mechanisms. Specific strategies need to be used to target unskilled refugees that are in danger of being trapped into perpetual precarious employment if their skills remain unimproved. That the government investigate closely the way in which various interfacing disability and active labour market participation requirements could enable more inclusive practices. Concerns on lack of inclusion Contributors to the submission shared perceptions of instances of experienced discrimination during their attempt in navigating the system when attempt certain initiatives necessary in strengthening their communities. They elaborated their points in these terms: In accessing community funding for community building purposes We experience discrimination when we try to access community funding. We can implement community projects, but there are entrenched systemic practices that the only way is to go through a mainstream organisation. So it is vicious cycle, I would prefer to see some direct community funding. That helps to foster community participation and ownership. It is difficult to build communities when mainstream models of service do not recognise the importance of supporting community building we have committed and educated leaders, we are taking responsibility for our needs but we need funders to recognise the importance of allowing some programs that resource the community directly. I had a group of women with me we were trying to put together a cultural-appropriate flyer targeting women that are abused in the home so that we can assist in increasing awareness of support systems that are out there for them. It was a really well-thought idea, it just got dismissed outright. So we know there is limited outreach work from mainstream services and we know those women are suffering, but we cant keep doing it without monetary support. Governments now are focused on contracting services. So you find mainstream providers are focused at maximising their funding. These contracting systems are excluding some community and ethno-specific providers. So really good community work opportunity is lost. Inclusion is a two-way thing it is a collaborative effort. There is so much competition now amongst mainstream providers. Some try to include groups of Africans, but it is all dollar-driven and has no dimension for community building. Sometimes they cant even get enough clients for their services because the models are not focused at community building. It is also hard because African-Australians are expected to engage as subordinates. A number of experienced African-Australians reported a perceived view that new emerging communities such as Africans are best engaged with around concepts of needs and capacities rather than what they described as commodity. There was a feeling that as NGOs are now forced to compete for funding under prescribed funder tender criteria, a gap can grow between addressing true needs as opposed to services that are largely driven by just chasing funds that are out there. The group also talked about under-employment. When asked the reasons for listing under-employment under discrimination, they explained their belief that a number of African Australians are experiencing de-skilling and under-employment because discrimination practices are playing part in ensuring some of their key skills remain largely untapped. Apparently there are examples of people who worked in aged care industry who faced discrimination when they questioned their lack of access to penalty rates when the work night shifts. Education sites Some groups comprise school age children whose education has been strongly disrupted in their country of origin. Their success in the education system requires recognition of this need. Some parents expressed that their children were picked on at schools, and they felt the education systems could do more to assist with better inclusion practices. Concerns expressed about reduced English as Second language (ESL) resources allocated to Schools. Yet, these resources are crucial in facilitating learning and supporting integration of young people in the school environment. Schools and the education system need to make use of community resources with a view of promoting better retention rates as some children are at risk due to growing disengagement from the school system. Recommended Strategies: Support school integration programs with ESL resources as relevant. Make use of bicultural and bilingual African-Australian staff to support schools in their work with a view of promoting and maintaining children engagement and maximum participation in the school system. Include bilingual/bicultural workers in school sites aimed at facilitating better outcomes and adjustment prospects for young people. Learn from some of the previous models that were put in place to support the preceding wave of refugees from South East Asia during the 1980s to at least 1990s. Promote some of the low key community-police relations strategies aimed at engagement and prevention of conflict between groups (e.g. youth of different ethnic groups). Health Some participants reported of chronic health issues which they suspected were associated with psychosocial difficulties encountered in the process of adjusting to new settlement experiences. They illuminated with examples typified by responses such as one captured in this quote: Health is a big issue for refugees but it is important to understand the context. People in my community are doing regular visits to their GPs. Doctors cannot locate physical ailments it is psychosocial due to social needs children are not doing well at school, parents are getting worried about this. It impacts on our health; parents are working late-shift work to meet basic needs there is not enough time to assist children, and parents are too stressed. There is a lot of ill health in my immediate community we visit doctors they do lots of tests, nothing is found. But it is social! So I really want this communicated that the Western diagnostic framework may not be enough to get to the bottom of our health concerns. Please understand that the answer to these issues is not just medical. We need to focus at offering social cultural supports. (Participant) Reports of isolation, racism and some difficulties related to accessing appropriate housing were reported to contribute to higher stress levels amongst some individuals. Reports of limitations in accessing interpreters when attending healthcare services for people with limited English. Preventive healthcare is not a dominant construction in the refugees countries of origin. Most refugees and humanitarian entrants are not as familiar with mainstream health prevention systems and interventions. African-Australians will benefit in being targeted for health promotion and prevention programs. This could include programs intended to minimise occurrences of diabetes, cardio-vascular conditions and so forth. The design of such programs will need to take account of the cultural and contextual mindset. It may require looking beyond the dominant mono-cultural health promotion models. Recommended Strategies: Government need to pay due attention to social issues that the community perceive to be contributing to ill health. Strategies to deal with these issues could also be embedded in various government social inclusion policies. Target the community as a priority group for health prevention. Involve bilingual and bicultural African-Australians in the development and delivery of health prevention and promotion programs. Appreciate and make use of such existing community resources. Enable community ownership of such programs. This will also foster motivation, sustainability and empowerment for the community. Other Strategies: A number of strategies were also identified about how African-Australians need to continue promoting their own various self-help initiatives using their community resources, expertise, and through engagement with other relevant mainstream stakeholders.     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