ࡱ> 241g bjbjVV . r<r<66 $FN99N ARd0 996 V: Racism in Australia Ultimately, racism is a tool to gain and maintain power. It is also inextricably linked with socio-economic factors, and frequently reflects underlying inequalities in a society. The above quotation, from the material provided for this submission, sums up the current as well as the historical operation of racism in Australia. It is impossible to understand, and to combat, this racism without first acknowledging our history. The invasion and occupation of this country, the setting up and operation of government structures, both then and now ultimately... gain and maintain power in a country whose sovereignty and political structures had already been in place for many tens of thousands of years. In 1837 a Select Committee of the British parliament reported on the establishment of Britain's various colonies. In the introduction it said, It might be presumed that the native inhabitants of any land have an incontrovertible right to their own soil: a plain and sacred right, however, which seems not to have been understood. Europeans have entered their borders uninvited, and, when there, have not only acted as if they were undoubted lords of the soil but have punished the natives as aggressors if they have evinced a disposition to live in their own country. In response to Theme 1, Question 2 (What are some of the sources, causes and factors that contribute to racism in Australia?): One must look first at our history, and seek a real understanding of how this present nation came to be. Racism enabled the colonisation process to happen. It underpins our current society and our way of life. It enabled us to take, and profit from, all the land and its resources. The original theft is the basis for our standards of living now. All people of immigrant stock - those of us whose heritage and ancestry come from elsewhere continue to benefit, whether we acknowledge it or not. The racism inherent in the actions of the early colonisers has never been seriously challenged. It continues to colour Australian society, and is often applied to people of non-European heritage, no matter how long they have been here. But it's source is to be found in our history. As lawyer Andrew Boe said, "There's a special level of racist disregard for Indigenous people in this country. It's peculiar and it's unrelenting and it's quite sophisticated." (cited in the Courier Mail magazine of 30th April-1st May 2011)] In response to questions 4, Theme 2 (Who are the victims of racism in Australia? How does racism affect individuals, communities and Australian society in general?): I would merely wish to point out that the display of racism by any individual affects not only the object of such speech or action. It also profoundly affects the person who so speaks or acts. It damages us as human beings, because, as John Donne said, No man is an island...; and it damages our society. Institutional racism within our society can also provide certain advantages that are not available to others to those of us with an Anglo heritage, whether or not we want it. In response to the questions relating to Theme 3 (Measures of prevention, education and protection measures aimed at eradicating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance) Because racism is so fundamental to the foundation and growth of Australian society, if measures to counter, and hopefully in time eradicate it are to be effective they have to be equally fundamental. A treaty or compact between the First Nations peoples (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders) and the current Australian government, will eventually be necessary. And such an agreement should be brokered by an overseas agency, as it is virtually impossible to imagine an Australian government being able to give the requisite respect and acknowledgement to First Nations people. If and when we take their sovereignty, their authority and knowledge of this country seriously, then we will be on the path to combating racism. Until that time, any programs that help to make expressions of racism less acceptable should be supported. Unfortunately the measures mooted, while helpful on a personal level, do not address the racism that informs our institutions. @ _ ` : a h   6 8 dðzzjz䞏䞏zY!hhA[5>*OJQJ\^JhhA[0J>*OJQJ^J(hhA[0J56OJQJ\]^Jh0J5OJQJ\^J"hhA[0J5OJQJ\^J$hhA[56OJQJ\]^Jh0J6OJQJ]^J"hhA[0J6OJQJ]^JhhA[OJQJ^JhhA[0JOJQJ^J!` h   9mn(%gdgd^7mnO67'($%㹤ppppph0J5OJQJ\^J"hhA[0J5OJQJ\^J$hhA[56OJQJ\]^J(hhA[0J56OJQJ\]^JhhA[0JOJQJ^JhOJQJ^J hhA[CJ OJQJ^JaJ hhA[OJQJ^JhhA[6OJQJ]^J,1h. 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