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Under article 18 of the ICCPR, any actions which fall within the four types of manifestation of belief (worship, observance, teaching and practice) can, in certain circumstances, be subject to limitation by the State. The freedom to manifest religion in sub-paragraph 18(1) is qualified by the limitations set out in sub-paragraph 18(3), including those which are ‘necessary to protect…the

Back to rights and freedoms: right by right ICCPR Article 17 | Privacy legislation and institutions | Commission work | International scrutiny | More information | Comments ICCPR Article 17 ICCPR Article 17 states: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on his honour and reputation. Everyone…

Learn how Australians could once be imprisoned on the grounds of not fulfilling a contract and how this is no longer the case.

Back to rights and freedoms:right by right Article 12 | International scrutiny | Resources | Comments Article 12 ICCPR Article 12 states: Everyone lawfully within the territory of a State shall, within that territory, have the right to liberty of movement and freedom to choose his residence. Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own. The above-mentioned rights shall not…

Learn about how under international law, human rights are to be recognised for all individuals in Australia, including refugees and asylum seekers.

Learn how under human rights law, all Australians are entitled to an independent and impartial public hearing in all court and tribunal proceedings.

Education resources linked from this page were produced by the former Human Rights Commission established under the Human RIghts Commission Act 1981. This Commission ceased to exist in 1986 pursuant to a sunset clause in its legislation and was replaced by the current Commission. Resources linked here have been added to this site for historical and archival purposes and should not be assumed…

Back to rights and freedoms: right by right ICCPR Article 14 states All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The Press and the public may be…

Learn how people can't be found guilty of a criminal offence that was not viewed as a criminal offence under the law at the time when it was committed.

Learn all about how people with a disability have the same rights as people who are living without a disability under Australian law.